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Die Bücherzensur in der Schweiz von der Reformation bis 1600
No full textPrinting and the Reformation challenged book censorship in a new dimension. The Swiss confederates did not simply adopt the papal and imperial politics of censorship but discussed own solutions, which were subsequently implemented by the particular governments in their own interests. Committees of censorships were established within the protestant cities of Zurich, Basle and Berne for proving texts before printing. This official measure was intended to avoid conflicts with other governments and to guarantee domestic peace as well. The practice however was somehow fragmentary, mainly before the middle of the 16th century. Numerous complaints were made, prominently by the catholic confederates. The complaining party demanded usually to sequester the controversial publications and to punish the accused printers and authors as a restoration of the violated honour. The Swiss Diet served repeatedly as a mediation body in settling these conflicts. The city authorities conducted investigations against printers and authors, who violated the censorship rules. Unlike printing, the authorities of the protestant cities rarely controlled bookselling, whereas the catholic governments forbade trade and possession of protestant literature. In accordance with these strict regulations they confiscated frequently forbidden books and had them burnt by the executioner
Buchdruck und Reformation in Genf (1478-1600): Ein Überblick
No full textThis article links profits from the rich literature in the fields of Reformation history and book-history in order to analyse the relation between printing and the Reformation in Geneva from 1478 to 1600 in a general historian’s perspective. Although various genres of religious and literary (illustrated) books have been printed for a local market since 1478, texts with evangelical tendency have not been produced in Geneva before 1536. Therefore, the ideas of Reformation were rather introduced by evangelical preachers than by the printing press. But after that Geneva became the centre of protestant or better: Calvinist printed propaganda in French (and Latin) until the early 1560s. Because of changing political contexts – French wars of Religion and the comeback of the Duke of Savoy as a neighbour – and the emerging of reformed printing in France forced Geneva to redirect their production towards more learned and non-religious books in Latin (humanism, classical authors, science). Nether the less, the production of (Genevan) Bibles and texts of Calvin and his followers and successors did not cease
"Raget von Plant, Bürger zuo Chur, hat das Buoch zu Genff koufft": Buchhandel, Buchdruck und Reformation in den Drei Bünden
No full textUntil 1798, the Three Leagues were an independent state with its own subject lands. This region has a unique confessional history within Europe, which is revealed particularly well through book history and its importance for the breakthrough of the Reformation. While the Landolfi printing press in Poschiavo, founded in 1547, was crucial for the propagation of Reformation books in the Italian valleys (Val Mesolcina, Val Bregaglia, Valchiavenna, Valtellina, Val Poschiavo) and the Engadin, the interest in books and education in the northern valleys of Grisons had to be facilitated by the import of books. Luckily, the geopolitically excellent location of Grisons created favorable conditions for reaching this goal. Last but not least, interest in reading was sustainably promoted from the 1550s onwards, especially in the protestant region, which led to the development of two different educational concepts in the Three Leagues
St. Gallen, eine Reformationsstadt ohne Druckerei
No full textIt was the city of St. Gall which introduced reformation as one of the first cities of the Swiss confederation. Though the conditions were favourable to the operation of a printing office, no printer decided to settle in the town. The paper discusses the reasons and the consequences which the lack of a printing office entailed
Buchdruck und Reformation in Bern
No full textPaving the way towards Reformation in Berne was a process set by the authorities, but it disunited the members of the Council. They empowered themselves on clerical and theological issues which overextended their competency. In the first five years (1538–1523) they underestimated the phenomenon of book printing as a powerful means of mass communication that quickly made the literate middle and upper classes – members of the council as well – understand what the new doctrine was all about. From 1523 on the Council itself used printing to consolidate its own authority. A censorship act set boundaries in the Bernese printing business as from 1539
The Lausanne Theses on the Ministry and the Sacraments (1547-1548)
No full textIn 1547-1548, a conflict arose within Bern’s territories over the sacraments and the power of the ministry. The Calvinist position taken by Pierre Viret and the ministers and professors in Lausanne clashed with the Zwinglian teachings dominant in Bern and supported by André Zébédée in Lausanne. At the center of the debate in spring 1548 was a collection of theses debated in Lausanne. These theses, previously believed to be lost, are published here for the first time. They reveal that the controversy in Lausanne started earlier than previously thought, that they were written over the course of several months rather than all at once, and that the author of the theses was not Viret but Lausanne theology professor Jean Ribit. Moreover, we learn for the first time the content of the ten theses condemned in Bern as contrary to the 1528 Bern Disputation. The Lausanne professors defended these theses and were supported by Simon Sulzer, Beat Gering, and Konrad Schmid, who all were expelled from Bern as a result
Ein neu entdeckter Bullingerbrief aus dem Jahr 1544: Beobachtungen zu Bullingers Einfluss auf die Besetzung von Pfarrstellen
No full textIn 1544 the mayor and council of Aarau broke with tradition and consulted Heinrich Bullinger in Zurich, rather than Berne, in a quest to find a sound Zwinglian candidate for a vacant pastorate. The subject of the inquiry was the young minister Johannes Haller. Bullinger’s hitherto unknown response to this request, providing information about Haller’s suitability, is edited in this article. Eventually, it was not Haller, but another young minister with a similar education, Christian Hochholzer, who was sent to Aarau. When in 1545 Augsburg turned to Bullinger to find a minister to strengthen the Zwinglian presence in the city, it was Haller who was chosen for this delicate enterprise. Despite all his adversities, Haller proved himself in this position, much as he did later when he was sent to Berne to unify a church still divided between Lutherans and Zwinglians. These and other cases illustrate both Bullinger’s growing importance beyond the confines of Zurich and how he tactfully and skillfully fostered such contacts and networks
Theologie im Umbruch der Moderne: Karl Barths frühe Dialektische Theologie, hg. von Georg Pfleiderer und Harald Matern, 2014
No full textNo abstract available
Buchgeschenke, Patronage und protestantische Allianzen: Die Stadtbibliothek Zürich und ihre Donatoren im 17. Jahrhundert
No full textThe so-called Bürgerbibliothek, the first public library in Zurich, was founded in 1629, partly to protect the reformed community in dangerous times. It was made possible by private initiatives and occasionally supported by the city’s authorities. Although lacking public funds, the collection expanded considerably thanks to donations, both from private citizens and from foreign visitors. Most donations and gifts, consisting primarily of books and various objects for the cabinet of curiosities, were meticulously registered in an illuminated manuscript. The donation book is an interesting source of information not only for provenance history, but also for researchers of cultural and social history, as the recorded entries for theologians, merchants, politicians, diplomats and refugees reveal numerous social connections. It is argued that the book donations were not merely voluntary, but that they bear witness to a network of legal deposit, patronage systems and a fascinating gift economy