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A comprehensive review on forward osmosis mass transfer and fouling: Mathematical modeling, mechanism, prediction and optimization
No full textThis review examines the modeling of concentration polarization (CP) and fouling in forward osmosis (FO) systems, exploring recent advancements and ongoing challenges in predictive modeling and system optimization. Analytical models have improved the prediction of water flux and solute rejection in FO systems, but they often overestimate flux and struggle to predict time-dependent fouling. Modified models and model-fitting approaches have been developed to address these limitations, though recalibration is necessary under changing operating conditions. Critical parameters such as cross-flow velocity, water permeability and membrane dimensions have a significant impact on FO performance, therefore requiring careful optimization. Fouling remains a major concern in FO processes due to cake-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP). Models such as cake filtration and modified layered transport have been developed to better understand fouling mechanisms. Machine learning (ML) holds promise in overcoming the limitations of traditional models by enabling more accurate simulations of complex FO systems and optimizing system design. Coupling FO with other desalination technologies, such as RO, MED, MSF and MD offer significant benefits, including higher water recovery, reduced fouling and improved energy efficiency. However, modeling fouling in scaled-up FO processes remains challenging due to complex flow patterns, prompting the proposal of a simplified 1D finite difference method to efficiently capture fouling impacts
An extensive analysis and environmental sustainability applications of multifunctional biochar developments: Current trends and technological advances
Full text linkThis review highlights the multifunctional applications, recent trends, and technological advancements of biochar (BC), a carbon-rich material produced through biomass pyrolysis. BC has emerged as a promising solution to environmental and agricultural challenges. The manuscript examines key production methods, such as slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and gasification, and their effects on BC’s physical, chemical, and structural properties. It explores BC’s applications in soil improvement, water treatment, waste management, and renewable energy. Recent innovations, including nano-BC, BC composites, advanced pyrolysis techniques, and feedstock diversification, are discussed alongside the importance of quality and safety standards. This review emphasizes BC’s versatility and potential to drive sustainable solutions, offering insights for future research and development
Inaugural NxGV Challenge 2025 winners announced
Full text linkThe winning teams of the inaugural NxGV Challenge 2025, co-organised by MARii (Malaysia Automotive Robotics & IoT Institute) and SAE Malaysia, and supported by Perodua, were announced today at a prize-giving ceremony held at the Malaysia Auto Show 2025
Ubah minda generasi muda, kuasai pelbagai kemahiran
Full text linkBelum terlambat untuk kita mengucapkan tahniah kepada calon Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) yang cemerlang, Kepada masih tercari-cari sebab dan tujuan seterusnya, pastikan anda menyambung pengajian ke Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT), sama ada mengambil kursus diploma, sijil profesional atau matrikulasi.
Sebenarnya, setiap calon mempunyai pelbagai pilihan, sama ada melalui permohonan UPUOnline atau kemasukan secara terus ke IPT pilihan anda
10 Universiti "favourite' majikan minyak dan gas
Full text linkMinggu ini, K-Kampus membawakan 10 universiti teratas yang graduannya paling laku dalam industri minyak dan gas seperti mana dikongsikan oleh Instagram Meta Oil & Gas (oilandgasmeta)
Ultra dan tropika: Kombinasi ganas, namun boleh ditawan!
Full text linkApabila larian ultra disebut, ramai dalam kalangan kita yang terbayang pelari-pelari ekstrem yang menakluk jarak beratus kilometer dengan semangat yang amat luar biasa. Ditambah pula dengan elemen tropika seperti panas, lembap, hujan yang tidak menentu, laluan berlumpur, nyamuk, pacat serta suhu yang boleh mencecah 35°C dengan kelembapan hampir 100 peratus, maka terhasil satu kombinasi yang dikatakan bukan hanya ganas, malahan menggerunkan. Namun, di sebalik cabaran fizikal dan mental yang mencengkam itu, tersembunyi satu rahsia iaitu gabungan ultra dan tropika ini tidak mustahil untuk ditawan, bahkan mampu melahirkan jiwa besi. Di dalam penulisan ini, ingin saya kongsikan beberapa strategi untuk bertahan dalam ultra maraton tropika
UMPSA celebrates outstanding athletes in the 2024 Athlete Appreciation Ceremony
Full text linkPEKAN, 13 May 2025 – Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA) organised the 2024 UMPSA Athlete Appreciation Ceremony to celebrate the achievements and dedication of athletes who brought glory to the university throughout the past year.
The ceremony, held at the Banquet Hall, Tun Abdul Razak Chancellery, was officiated by the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Dr. Yatimah Alias
Sisi Gelap Pempengaruh
Full text linkMenurut Kamus Dewan, media sosial boleh dipecahkan kepada kata akar.
Media ditakrifkan sebagai alat perantara, komunikasi atau perhubungan, manakala sosial didefinisikan sebagai perihal kemasyarakatan dan pergaulan.
Sejarah awal kemunculan media sosial ini bermula pada tahun 1978 dengan penemuan ‘papan buletin’ berfungsi untuk muat turun maklumat dan komunikasi melalui surat elektronik.
Media sosial terus berkembang sejak dari itu sehingga ia menerobos segenap aspek kehidupan kita.
Pelbagai faedah telah kita nikmati hasil media sosial yang wujud pada hari ini
Surface analysis of pineapple leaves pulp-based dielectric composite material and its dielectric performance
Full text linkThe integration of cellulose fiber composites into material engineering marks a pivotal step toward sustainable development. In this study, dielectric composite materials derived from pineapple leaf pulp were analyzed for their surface characteristics and corresponding dielectric performance. Cellulose fibers were extracted from pineapple leaves using a soda pulping method, with cellulose content quantified through the Kurschner-Hanack technique. The developed composite, comprising cellulose fibers, epoxy resin, and hardener, was evaluated for its permittivity using a waveguide technique in the G-band. Surface morphology was assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental composition was determined via energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Results indicated a cellulose content of 59 % and a permittivity value of 3.27. The surface analysis revealed that fiber diameter plays a critical role in influencing both cellulose content and permittivity, with increases in fiber diameter leading to higher values for both. Elemental analysis identified carbon, oxygen, sodium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, and potassium in the fibers, with carbon being the most prevalent. This study highlights the direct influence of fiber morphology and elemental composition on the dielectric performance of pineapple leaf-based composites, offering a sustainable pathway for advanced electronic materials development. The observed dielectric properties suggest that this cellulose fiber composite could potentially serve as a sustainable alternative to conventional capacitors in electronic applications
Formation of surface deformed layer of AZ31 magnesium alloy subjected to conventional mechanical grinding
No full textIn this study, the surface of an AZ31 Mg alloy underwent mechanical grinding using abrasive paper, and investigations were conducted into the microstructure development and corrosion behavior through open circuit potential analysis. A deformed layer, featuring nanocrystalline grains ranging in size from 40 to 250 nm, was produced using mechanical grinding. Within this deformed layer, the MgO layer and a 20-nm-thick Zn enrichment band were identified. The corrosion observations and the corrosion resistance mechanism resulting from open circuit potential results and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been discussed and proposed. The mechanically ground sample exhibited a significantly higher electronegative value of corrosion potential (− 1.595 V) compared to the unground AZ31 Mg sample (− 1.562 V). However, the open circuit potential value was maintained stable based on the continuous intensity of hydrogen gas released during the open circuit potential process. Following these results, the scratch/groove formed by mechanical grinding may serve as pathways for the propagation of corrosion, resembling filiform corrosion patterns. Based on the electrochemical test result, the mechanically ground sample displayed a corrosion resistance with impedance |Z|0.01 Hz values of 374 Ω cm2, slightly lower than that of the unground sample, suggesting an insignificant improvement in overall corrosion resistance for the mechanically ground sample. This successful characterization of the Mg alloy’s surface deformed layer and its correlation to corrosion behavior presents exciting possibilities for novel surface modifications in Mg alloys, potentially addressing challenges related to Mg reactivity