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IMPLEMENTASI DEKONSENTRASI DI NEGARA KESATUAN: PENGALAMAN INTERNASIONAL (THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DECONCENTRATION IN THE UNITARY STATES : INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES)
No full textThere is an assumption that instead of decentralization (devolution), unitary states prefer to choose deconcentration (administrative decentralization) as a tool to manage central-local government relationship. However, international experiences show that degree of decentralization varies among countries. Basically, this paper tries to elucidate the association between deconcentration and unitary states and provide some empirical evidences on the implementation of deconcentration in various countries. It also proposes three possible models of deconcentration for unitary states, and concludes with some notes to be considered in reformulating Indonesia's policy on decentralization. The method being deployed in this article is completely documentary studies. K uncris: deconcentration, decentralization, unitary states.Ada sebuah asumsi bahwa negara dengan bentuk kesatuan lebih cenderung menerapkan dekonsentrasi atau desentralisasi administratif sebagai instrumen dalam mengelola hubungan pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Meskipun demikian, pengalaman internasional menunjukkan bahwa derajat desentralisasi di berbagai negara sangat beragam. Atas dasar itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan menganalisis hubungan antara dekonsentrasi dengan bentuk negara kesatuan, dan menyajikan bukti-bukti empiris tentang implementasi dekonsentrasi di berbagai negara. Tulisan ini juga menawarkan tiga model alternatif dekonsentrasi untuk negara kesatuan, serta memberikan catatan-catatan yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan kembali kebijakan desentralisasi di Indonesia. Adapun metode yang digunakan sepenuhnya mendasarkan pada analisis dokumen. Kata Kunci : dekonsentrasi, desentralisasi, negara kesatuan
Split Ticket Voting: Menumbuhkan Kegairahan Politik Lokal?
Get PDFThe Constitutional Court decisions upon majority vote in the election for legislative candidate replaces the traditional ballot system. Many political observers predict the application of majority vote might cause an increase of split-ticket voting in the 2009 election, especially for house of representative election. Though, split ticket voting is not unique to Indonesian election case, it seems to be a good alternative to create more vibrant local politics. Moreover, Paramadina University Rector, Anies Baswedan (2008), said, “split ticket voting will also enhance the development of local democracy [in which] a voter can choose their legislative candidate from different political party affiliation for each government level. [For example], a voter can choose the candidate from A political party for national legislative body (DPR). A candidate from B political party is choosen for provincial level legislative body (DPRD provinsi). And a candidate from C political party is for kabupaten legislative body (DPRD kabupaten).” However, this positive image of split- ticket voting has not been accompanied by sufficient analysis on its impact to local politics. This paper seeks to address the question on the impact of split ticket voting in creating more vibrant local politics. How split-ticket voting influences the Indonesian political party and election reform agenda? What split ticket voting can do for the local politics? And the last question is how split ticket voting relates to the planning of electoral district boundaries (daerah pemilihan), and redistricting, such as pemekaran, in the local regions. To answer them, I review the literature and related government policy which will be divided into three parts: first, analyzing theoretical background and concepts of split- ticket voting; second, pros and cons of split-ticket voting in Indonesia local politics; third, studying the electoral system reformation: the inconsistency between electoral district planning and pemekaran policies; fourth, analyzing the future possibility transformation from “pemekaran” to redistricting policy: as a recommendation; and finally, conclusion. Keywords: Split-ticket Voting, Partai Politik, Calon Legislatif, Pemilih, Politik Lokal, Daerah pemilihan, Pemekaran, Redistricting
STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD): KASUS KOTA BANJARMASIN
Get PDFThe enactment of Law No. 33 and 34 (2004) may only achieve decentralization’s purposes if accompanied by suitable preparation from local government agencies. In this case, financial independency can be fortified by optimizing potential resources, particularly self-local revenues (pendapatan asli daerah) such as local taxes and levies. Effort to improve financial capacity, however, should also deeply consider its impacts on investment and people’s purchasing power. This paper tries to elaborate the strategy of Barjarmasin City Government in strengthening its financial capacity
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBINAAN WILAYAH SERTA PENATAAN GEOGRAFIS TERHADAP PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Get PDFThe north side of East Kalimantan Province is characterized by harsh bordering areas, both land and sea. There are 386 islands in East Kalimantan territory; and 138 of those are unanimous. Such condition requires suitable policy to manage and optimize natural resources as well as to accelerate socio economic development and people’s prosperity. It also aims at protecting environmental quality and preventing from alien’s threat and intervention. This paper elucidates the implementation of East Kalimantan Provincial Government’s territorial policy based on the strategic study (SWOT Analysis). It also explicates the principles and procedures of giving names to unanimous islands
PERMASALAHAN DAN RENCANA PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PERBATASAN DI PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Get PDFThe issue on the development of border areas is becoming much more significant in the current decade. Tension between Indonesia and Malaysia on the Ambalat block reminds Central and Provincial Government on the importance of border areas in terms of political (i.e. sovereignty) and economic (i.e. prosperity) development. As a result, the preceding paradigm treating border-areas as ‘backyard’ of the country has been noticeably altered. In order to realize the new paradigm, (border-areas as ‘front yard’), policy readjustments are truly required. In that purpose, this paper tries to explore potential strategies of developing border-areas, particularly through authority and institutional rearrangements as well as action plan implementation
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DECENTRALISASI FISKAL TERHADAP KAPASITAS KINERJA OTONOMI DAERAH DI WILAYAH KALIMANTAN
Get PDFFiscal decentralization that has been implemented since 2001 is logical implication of decentralization system (regional autonomy) in unitary state of Republic Indonesia in order to cost the authority given to local governments (money follows function). Fiscal Decentralization system is implemented to give a large discretion for local governments in managing their revenue and expenditure as one of stimuli to build the regional economics, but for about seven years implementation of fiscal decentralization, their dependency on fiscal transfer just decrease slightly. It is shown by the amount of balancing fund that still has the highest portion in local government revenue and expenditure. The result of the research shows that the average proportion of balancing fund for provinces in Kalimantan still achieves more than 60%, even the local governments (districts) has higher dependency on central government transfer. Considering this condition, reducing the central governments transfer in significant amount will disturb the local autonomy of performance capacity. Finally, it will threaten the regional development sustainability. Keywords: Fiscal decentralization, Decentralization system, Balancing fund, Performance capacit
STRATEGI PENATAAN APARATUR DAERAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN “BEST PRACTICES”
Get PDFThis article aims to know about the strategy of human resource structuring by adopting best practices approach from other regions. The strategy can also be expected to solve the problems in the field of employment. The analysis results mix- strategies with 6 (six) steps of structuring human resources. Through the implementation of these strategy, it is expected that the effectiveness, efficiency, and professionalism of apparatus can be achieved Keywords : Strategy, Human Resource, Best Practic
KARAKTERISTIK UNIVERSAL PELAYANAN PUBLIK: SEBUAH TINJAUAN TEORITIK
Get PDFNowdays, theoretichal debates on public services have been dominated by the changing ideas from New Public Management to governance, from market-oriented public services to citizen-oriented public service. It will be a never ending process because country and market life in mutualism symbiosis. They need each other. Starting from theoritical ideas and public service praxis in several countries, this paper construct a concept of universal characteristics of public services, which is, public service should be serve public value and public interest, they are not value free, they must be partipatory and empowering, fast, flexible, and friendly, economically, social and ecological justice oriented, accountable, resposive, transparent, acting based on ethical norms and laws. Although public service has universal characteristics but contextual and situational factor still influence praxis of public service in many countries.Keywords: government, public service, public interest.Hari ini, perdebatan teoritik tentang pelayanan publik didominasi pergeseran New Public Management ke governance, dari pelayanan publik berorientasi pasar ke warga negara. Perdebatan ini tidak akan pernah selesai karena negara dan pasar sesungguhnya saling membutuhkan. Bertolak dari pemikiran teoritik dan praxis pelayanan publik di beberapa negara, makalah ini mengkonstruksi konsep karakteristik universal pelayanan publik (pelayanan publik berorientasi kepentingan dan nilai-nilai publik, para pelayan publik tidak boleh bebas nilai, pelayanan publik harus partisipatif dan memberdayakan, fast, flexible, dan friendly, ekonomis, berkeadilan sosial dan ekologis, akuntabel, responsif dan transparan, tindakan para pelayan publik mempertimbangkan etika tertentu, sistem dan proses pelayanan publik dibangun atas dasar aturan, hukum, dan kesepakatan tertentu). Meskipun bersifat universal, tetapi faktor-faktor kontekstual dan situasional tetap mempengaruhi wajah pelayanan publik di setiap negara. Makalah diakhiri dengan implikasi teoritis bagi pemikiran dan praxis pelayanan publik di Indonesia.Kata kunci: pemerintah, pelayanan publik, kepentingan publik
KERJASAMA ANTARPROVINSI UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN REGIONAL KALIMANTAN YANG TERINTEGRASI
Get PDFThis research is aimed to find out of what and how the regional cooperation in Kalimantan applied, asa well as to know it's effectiveness and problem. Then, this research is also aimed to search the prospect of Kalimantan Incorporated which is expected to accelerate regional development in Kalimantan. The method used in this research is combination of descriptive method with qualitative approach and evaluation method with formal evaluation approach. Data are collected by focus group disscussion (FGD), interview, and secondary data. Results of this research are: (1) Regional cooperation in Kalimantan is applied in joint formed authorities namely coordination and consultation forum of FRKP2RK and a board of KTB; (2) The effectiveness of the cooperation is in low performance, because the cooperation forum works as pra-musrenbang meeting only to invent problems and proposals which will be disscussed in the regional musrenbang and porposed to relevant ministry. This cooperation has no action plan in concrete program and activity forms; (3) The opportunity to realise integrated development of Kalimantan Incorporated is quite prospective, by optimizing the forum into more concrete programs and activities. It needs commitment from all provinces and supported by business actors (private or BUMN/BUMD) and people as three pillars of development. Keywords : province cooperation, regional development, Kalimantan incorporated. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apa dan bagaimana hubungan kerja antarprovinsi di Kalimantan, serta melihat efektivitas dan kendala yang dihadapi. Selanjutnya dilihat prospek terwujudnya Kalimantan Incorporated yang diharapkan dapat mengakselerasi pembangunan di Kalimantan. Metode penelitian ini adalah perpaduan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode evaluasi dengan pendekatan evaluasi formal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan focus group disscussion (FGD), wawancara serta pengumpulan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil temuan lapangan dan analisis disimpulkan beberapa hal yaitu: (1) Hubungan kerjasama antarprovinsi dalam lingkup regional Kalimantan diwujudkan dengan membentuk otoritas bersama (joint formed authorities) yaitu forum koordinasi dan konsultasi berupa FRKP2RK dan sebuah badan yang bernama KTB; (2) Efektivitas hubungan kerja tersebut masih rendah, karena forum tersebut hanya sebatas forum pra-musrenbang regional untuk menginventarisasi persoalan dan usulan yang akan dibahas di forum musrenbang regional maupun dibawa ke kementerian terkait, belum sampai kepada rencana aksi berupa program dan kegiatan yang konkrit; (3) Prospek terwujudnya pembangunan Kalimantan yang terpadu (Kalimantan Incorporated) cukup terbuka, dengan mengoptimalkan forum tersebut ke dalam program dan kegiatan yang lebih kongkrit dan perlu komitmen dari semua provinsi dan didukung oleh para pelaku usaha (swasta maupun BUMN/BUMD) serta masyarakat sebagai tiga pilar pembangunan. Kata kunci: kerjasama antarprovinsi, pembangunan regional, Kalimantan terintegrasi
BUDAYA KINERJA LEMBAGA PELAYANAN PUBLIK: Analisis Budaya Kinerja Kementrian dan LPNK di Indonesia (PERFORMANCE CULTURE IN PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATION: An Analysis of Performance Culture ini Ministries and Non Ministerial Institutes in Indonesia)
Get PDFPerformance of public service in Indonesia is still not satisfactory. This has been caused by the low performance culture in the public service. In this paper, service performance culture is elaborated into three dimensions, namely the commitment to service quality, performance reward and attention toward stakeholders. The analysis of quantitative data concerning the performance culture obtained from a survey of 54 ministries and the Non-Ministerial Government Institute in Indonesia indicated that performance culture of the Ministry and Institute does not support the creation of public service quality. Thus, improvements of performance culture in public service organizations in Indonesia should be managed by improving the performance culture of public service institution.Keywords: cultural performance, public service institutions, ministries, non-ministerial government institutions.Kinerja lembaga pelayanan publik di Indonesia saat ini masih belum memuaskan. Hal ini berhubungan dengan budaya kinerja yang berkembang dalam lembaga pelayanan publik tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini budaya kinerja pelayanan dielaborasi kedalam tiga dimensi yakni komitmen terhadap kualitas pelayanan, penghargaan terhadap kinerja dan perhatian terhadap pemangku kepentingan. Hasil analisis atas data-data kuantitatif mengenai budaya kinerja yang didapatkan dari survei terhadap 54 Kementerian dan Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Kementerian (LPNK) di Indonesia, menunjukkan bahwa budaya kinerja Kementrian dan K/L saat ini masih belum mendukung terciptanya pelayanan publik yang berkualitas.Dengan demikian perbaikan budaya kinerja pada lembaga pelayanan publik di Indonesia sudah seharusnya dilakukan melalui perbaikan budaya kinerja lembaga pelayanan publik.Kata kunci: budaya kinerja, lembaga pelayanan publik, kementerian, lembaga pemerintah Non-Kementeria