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ANALISIS PELUANG DERET HARI KERING PADA TANAMAN PADI TADAH HUJAN DI KABUPATEN KULONPROGO DALAM PERSPEKTIF TOPOSEKUENS (PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF DRY SPELL ON RAINFED PADDY AT KULON PROGO DISTRICT IN TOPOSEQUENCE PERSPECTIVE)
Get PDFClimate anomaly has significant impact on rainfall and its pattern, whereas they were important factor in determining onset of wet and dry season. Changes in rainfall pattern need to antisipate with tailoring planting date for minimize harvest risk. This research purpose to analyse dry spell probability and its relation to drought risk on rainfed paddy at Kulon Progo District in Toposequence Perspective.Kulon Progo District was divided into three sequence, that were Fluvial as catchment area (i.e. Samigaluh); Freatik as conservation area (i.e. Kenteng, Kalibawang and Kokap); and Fluksial as user area (i.e. Gembongan- Sentolo, Sapon-Lendah and Wates). The aimed of this research was to analyze the drought periods and its relation with drought risks on rainfed rice plant at Kulon Progo district in toposequence perspective. The probabilities of 15 day dry spell at Fluvial area were 0,27 – 0,44 on May-September. On Freatik area, the probabilities of 15 day dry spell were 0,21 - 0,43 on April-Oktober at Kenteng, while at Kalibawang and Kokap the probabilities were > 0,2 on May-September. The probabilities at Gembongan-Sapon were> 0,2 on May-October, while at Wates the probabilities on May-September were 0,21-0,32. The distribution of probability show that the probability of 15 day dry spell were > 0,2 at May-October and the driest periods were August-September but with various dry level, that Kenteng and Gembongan-Sapon were the driest area. Based on that analysis, the planting periods should be started on November and the last planting should not over than January, especially at Kenteng, Gembongan and Sapon
DAMPAK VARIABILITAS IKLIM MUSIMAN PADA PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI PULAU LOMBOK (IMPACT OF INTERANNUAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON RAINFED PADDY PRODUCTION IN LOMBOK ISLAND)
Get PDFVariability of inter-anuual rainfall has great impact on agricultural production. The inter-annual rainfall variability mainly causes cropping and harvest failure in rainfed land due to drought and flood. Although the onset of season is usully known, the characteristic of in coming rainfall is usually not predictable. Thus the understanding of the cause of rainfall variability may lead to establishment of new system to forecast seasonal rainfall characteristics. The aims of this research are to study water availibity for dry direct seeding rice by considering water balance in southern Lombok and understanding the relationship between ENSO phenomena with rain event in Lombok as well using SOI for predicting seasonal rainfall events. The results of this research showed that average rainfall in southern Lombok is 1450 mm with 950 mm the lowest and 2460 the highest. Southern Lombok has three water surplus months (with rainfall >200 mm), and 5 to 6 water deficit months (with less than 100 mm rainfall).. Inter annual rainfall variation is closely correlated to ENSO phenomena where the rainfall tend to be obove normal in La Niña years and below normal in El Niño years. The short term wet months and wide range of rainfall varibility lead to the need to establishment of water storage system and the application of water and cropping management which suitable to rainfall characteristics and local environmental conditions. The use of ENSO and SOI value to forecast seasonal rain events may be suitable and may reduce the risks of cropping system in rainfed agricultural land
DYNAMICAL LAND/FOREST FIRE HAZARD MAPPING OF KALIMANTAN BASED ON SPATIAL AND SATELLITE DATA (PEMETAAN KEBAKARAN LAHAN/HUTAN DINAMIS PULAU KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN DATA SPASIAL DAN SATELIT)
Get PDFEarly warning system is an important component in land/forest fire management. Since Kalimantan is one of prone areas to fires in Indonesia, land/forest fire hazard mapping for the area is essential to provide early warning information. Methods on static fire hazard mapping have been established using geographic information system. Land/forest fire hazard mapping could be established based on spatial biophysical parameters such as rainfall, vegetation condition, land cover, and land type. Since most parameters can be derived from satellite data and some of them are predictable, a dynamical land/forest fire hazard maps can be generated. The objective of this research was to construct a model of forest fire hazard mapping for Kalimantan. Spatial data used consisted of spatial rainfall maps, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps derived from NOAA-AVHRR data, land cover maps from Landsat TM data, and land type map. The results show that contributions of rainfall and NDVI to fire hazards should be higher than land cover and land type. The weights of NDVI, rainfall, land cover, and land type are 0.35, 0.30, 0.20, and 0.15 respectively. For the case study of 1997 – 2002 periods, it has been shown that most hotspots are located in areas with forest fire hazard of high level
MODEL SPEKTRUM RADIASI SURYA DAN SUHU DI DALAM RUMAH PLASTIK (THE SOLAR SPECTRUM AND TEMPERATURE MODEL IN THE PLASTICHOUSE)
Get PDFResearch has been conducted to develop the solar spectrum and temperature model in the plastic house. The objective of this research is to determine spectrum and temperature optimum in the plastic house. The method was used by field experiment and simulation. Field experiment consist of three treatments. These are first treatment used the plastic Polyethylene (PE) with UV (Ultraviolet) protection (0 %. 6 % and 14 %). The second treament was determined the tilt angle between plastic cover and horizontal planar. The third treatment was flooring by used soil and grass. The expriment reveals that optimum condition for the plastic house that used plastic UV protection 14%, and use grass as the floor. Produce a optimum result in decreasing Tin for 2.9 % in plastic UV 14%, 2.7 % in β= 67o and 5.7 % in using grass as the floor. Spectrum of UV, PAR (Photosintetically Active Radiation) and IR (Infrared) that transmited from PE 14 % plastik 3.0 W/m2. 143.2 W/m2 and 192.8 W/m2 respectively. The other parameter that influence the temperature in plastic house is natural convection coeficient (hi) and ventilation coeficient (hv). For type Hexagonal plastic house hi and hv 1.5 W/m2.C, 50 W/m2.C respectively. For type Tunnel plastic house hi and hv 1.5 W/m2.oC and 55 W/m2.C respectively
PERANAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM MENGENDALIKAN SUHU UDARA DAN URBAN HEAT ISLAND WILAYAH JABOTABEK (THE ROLE OF URBAN GREEN SPACE IN HARNESSING AIR TEMPERATURE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND. EXEMPLIFIED BY JABOTABEK AREA)
No full textThis study attempts to develop a functional relationship between air temperature and urban green space using Landsat data. It also aims to estimate the contributions of various forcings, namely, urban green space, population density, urban area, and automobile densities on urban heat island. Subsequently, the impact of urban heat island on temperature humidity index will be assessed quantitatively, followed by surface energy budget analysis of Jabotabek area. Air temperature series are derived from Landsat data, including the NDVI which is used as the bases in generating urban green space of the study area. Principal Component Analysis is utilized in order to establish the relative importance of forcing variables on urban heat island; in order to simplify the structure of factor loadings a varimax rotation is carried out. It is found that air temperature and urban green space for the study area is best represented by a nonlinear equation when a maximum coefficient determination (R2adj) and a minimum standard deviation (S) are to be fulfilled. A 10 to 50% reduction in urban green space would bring air temperature to raise between 0,2 to 1,8 oC. It is interesting to note that this study reveals the same percentage increase in urban green space would only lower the temperature by 0,1 to 0,5 oC. Automobile density is found to be the most important forcing for urban heat island in Jakarta; on the other hand, urban green space is the most dominant forcing in Tangerang and Bekasi. Surface energy budget analysis indicated that the an increase of 1,0 oC in urban heat island would result in additional 80,3 and 69,0 Wm-2 sensible heat fluxes to submedium (G) and to air, respectively
WATER DEFICIT EFFECT ON GROWTH OF YOUNG FAST GROWING TEAK (Tectona Grandis L.F.) (PENGARUH DEFISIT AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JATI EMAS MUDA)
Get PDFTeak (Tectona grandis L.f.) has been grown in Indonesia since the beginning of 14th century. Teak forests in Indonesia are found mainly on the island of Java, which cover an area of about 1 million ha (Indonesia Forest State Enterprise, 1992). Outside Java, the natural area of teak is Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi (Simon, 1997). In some recent years, teak has been planted in some other islands of Indonesia from Sumatra to Papua mainly by private sectors and farmers. Some of these plantations are in areas that would have been considered marginal for teak growing two decades ago.This phenomenon was encouraged by relatively new perception of teak planting as a commercially profitable venture, as well as by policy and legal changes. The rotation cycle of new high-intensity teak plantations is generally between 20 and 25 years which is three to four times shorter than for older low-intensity plantations (Nair & Souvannavong, 2000). Nowadays, the government does not control its harvesting and utilization for teak grown on private land.However, information on growth response of this kind of teak to climate is very limited. The fast growth of this kind of teak needs a specific environment that could be different for the slow growing one. Its resistance to water deficit may not be as high as the slow growing one as its needs much water to cover its fast growth particularly in the early period of growth. This experiment was intended to analyze the effects of water deficit to the growth of young fast growing teak
PENGARUH IKLIM MIKRO MEDIA TANAM DAN AERASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK CABANG BUAH LADA(WATER SUFFICIENCY INDICES TO DETERMINE FALLOW PERIODS OF SOYBEAN IN CENTRAL JAVA)
No full textClimate anomaly has impact on yield and productivity of soybean. An alternative to minimize its impact, it is important to determine period of fallow for soybean in dry land. Period of fallow was determined by using agroclimate analysis such as water satisfaction index (WSI). WSI required daily climate data, soil and agronomy parameter to calculte ETR/ETM fluctuation . Agroecology and soybean yield data were collected from October 2003 to February 2004 in Pondok Village, Ngadirejo Sub-District, Wonogiri District and in Pojok Village, Nogosari Sub-District, Boyolali District . Fallow period was analyzed using CWB-ETo, a daily water balance software developed by IAHRI based on FAO method. WSI was calculated for El-Nino and La-Nina years to determine planting period. The result showed that fallow period were different between locations due to soil and climate variability. The longest fallow period is Blora District from Januri III to October II. While the shortest fallow period are Semarang and Magelang
IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI POTENSI AIR TANAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN IRIGASI SUPLEMENTER DI PABRIK GULA RENDENG DAN TRANGKIL JAWA TENGAH (IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUND WATER POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING SUPLEMENTARY IRRIGATION IN ...
Get PDFMicro sugar industry have some potential problem that needed serious interested, issues of global climate change have affected long drought period with the result that water availability for sugarcane very limited, and problem of land resources in specific location. To anticipate water scarcity in sugarcane plantation need to be optimalization water use through identification ground water potential to know depth and distribution groundwater resources used supplementary irrigation. This paper is attempt in optimalising water resources use through mapping of ground water to know ground water potencyl for developing supplementer irrigation with pumping and deep irrigation to increase sugar cane productivity, rendemen, and production in upland sugarcane PG. Rendeng and of Trangkil. Measurement of ground water characteristic through geolistrict survey using Terameter by detecting electrics into ground by electrodes and take the resistivity value in time dimension, this equipment can identify material underground more than 200 metre depth without passing drilling. Of underground material which have known, hence can be determined resistivity and aquifer thickness. The results of this research showed that in PG. Rendeng and and Trangkil have moderate ground water potency (overburden thickness 6-15 and aquifer thickness 16-25 m) until good (overburden thickness 16-25 and aquifer thickness 26-35 m) but moderate is to be dominant. Ground water potency is distribute in the middle and east of PG. Rendeng and Trangkil
PREDIKSI CURAH HUJAN BULANAN BERDASARKAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT NINO 3.4 : SUATU PENDEKATAN DENGAN METODE FILTER KALMAN(MONTHLY RAINFALL PREDICTION BASED ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE NINO 3.4 : THE APPROACH WITH KALMAN FILTERING)
Get PDFMany approaches have been applied to forecast climate using statistical and deterministic models using independent and dependent variables empirically. It is more practical to analyze the parameters, but it needs validation anytime and anywhere. Kalman filtering unites physical and statistical model approaches to stochastic model renewable anytime for objective of on line forecasting. Based on research, sea surface temperature Nino 3.4 have high correlation with rainfall in Indonesia, so it is used to forecast rainfall in Cirebon as area study. Rainfall clustering in Cirebon results 6 groups with rainfall average 1400-1500 mm/year for dry area and 3000-3200 mm/year for wet area. Validation have correlation coefficient validation value more than 94%, correlation coefficient model value more than 78% and fit model value more than 38%. The result of regression gives R2 value of more than 0,8. It implies that predicting model using Kalman Filter is feasible to forecast montly rainfall based on sea surface temperature Nino 3.4. The result of rainfall prediction in Cirebon show increasing in rainfall until February 2005, with correlation coeficient value of model more than 90% and fit model more than 40%
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA BELALANG KEMBARA (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN) DENGAN CURAH HUJAN(ANALYSIS ON INFESTATION OF LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN BASED ON RAINFALL DATA)
Get PDFRainfall has an important role in the incidence of insect pests infestation, such as of locust grasshopper (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen). There are some provinces experience of locust grasshopper infestation, i.e. South Sumatera, Lampung, West and East Nusa Tenggara, North and South Sulawesi, West and Central Kalimantan. Generally, cropping season period of April–September and October-March shows a difference influence on the infestation of locust grasshopper. Most of districts in the provinces indicated that locust infestation increases in October–March cropping season, except in South Sulawesi it increases in April–September period. The analysis of correlation between rainfall and locust infestation applied in various timelags. The timelag was determined correspond with the life stage of locust, i.e. egg–hatching–nymphal–early imago–mating–active imago stage. The life stage of locust most influenced by rainfall and correspond with feed availability were active imago stage (in 9 districts) and egg stage (in 6 districts). The increase of rainfall during egg stage tend to suppress the infestation of locust, while during active imago stage the influence of rainfall tend to increase the infestation. The influence of rainfall closely correlated to locust infestation occurs in OKU, Central and South Lampung, West and East Sumba and West Ketawang