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Heutagogy in Education: Transforming the Learner Experience
Get PDFHeutagogy (pronounced hyoo-tuh-goh-jee), derived from the Greek word “heureske,” meaning “to
discover,” is closely related to heuristic learning. Coined by Hase and Kenyon in 2000, heutagogy
refers to self-determined learning that operates independently of traditional teaching structures. Unlike
pedagogy and andragogy, which emphasize teacher-directed instruction, heutagogy shifts the focus to
learner autonomy, allowing students to choose what and how they learn.
Heutagogy represents a shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered education, grounded in two
key philosophical approaches: humanism and constructivism. Humanism places the learner at the center
of the educational process, while constructivism emphasizes active, self-determined learning. Although
andragogy, which focuses on adult learning, was seen as a precursor to heutagogy, research suggests that
heutagogy is particularly suited to the digital age, with web-based learning, new information technologies,
and distance education methods providing ideal contexts for its implementation.
The research gap of this paper examines the development of heutagogy as an educational model,
comparing it with pedagogy and andragogy and explores its applications in modern education,
particularly in web-based learning environments. As digital technologies continue to reshape education,
heutagogy offers a flexible approach that fosters lifelong learning, critical thinking and adaptability as a
main objective of the paper.
KEYWORDS
Heutagogy, Education, Pedagogy, Andragogy, Web-based learnin
Нега и едукација на пациенти со дијабетес
Get PDFВовед. Дијабетес мелитус е состојба на хронична хипергликемија која настанува како
резултат на апсолутен или релативен недостаток на инсулин. Клинички постои инсулин
зависен дијабетес односно дијабетес мелитус тип 1 и инсулин независен дијабетес
односно дијабетес мелитус тип 2. Дијабетес мелитус тип 1 се јавува кај деца и млади луѓе
до 30 години каде потполно отсуствува инсулинот додека кај дијабетес мелитус тип 2 е
најчест облик на дијабетес кој се јавува кај возрасни луѓе во средна и стара животна доба.
Цел. Целта на оваа дипломска работа е да се запознаеме со едукацијата и третманите кои
треба да ги примаат пациентите со дијабетес мелитус, односно да разбереме дека
едукацијата е еден од најважните аспекти на дијабетичната грижа и трите главни фактори
во лекувањето на шеќерната болест се нега, диета и инсулин
Материјали и методи. Како метод на работа е користено анализирање на статистички
податоци за бројот на испитувања кои се извршени кај заболени со дијабетес мелитус
тип 1 и тип 2 во периодот од 2024 година. Податоците се земени од К ЈЗУ-Медицински
центар Куманово.
Резултати и дискусија.Статистичките податоци и истражувања за бројот на испитувања
кои се извршени кај пациенти со дијабетес мелитус тип 1 и тип 2 се прикажени во табели
и графикони. Истите податоци се земени ЈЗУ-Медицински центар Куманово..Имено
според обработените податоци јасно се гледа дека според испитувањата кои се направени
поголем е бројот на заболени жени одколку мажи.
Заклучок. Заклучивме дека кај дијабетесот не постои ефикасна превенција за дијабетес
мелитус тип 1. Повеќе од превентивните мерки се насочени кон дијабетес мелитус тип 2.
Најпрво заклучивме дека треба да се внимава на исхраната, да се оддржува нормална
телесна тежина и да се применува редовна физичка активност. Со тоа се намалува и
ризикот за дијабетес.
Клучни зборови – дијабетес мелитус тип 1 и тип 2, хипергликемија, медицинска исхрана
и терапија, инсулин, хипогликемија, гликемија
Interkulturelle Pragmatik und Höflichkeit in der akademischen Kommunikation: Eine Fallstudie zur Interaktion von Studierenden im mehrsprachigen Hochschulkontext
Get PDFDie vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie Germanistikstudierende in R. Nordmazedonien aus unterschiedlichen ethnischen und sprachlichen Hintergründen das Phänomen der Höflichkeit definieren, wahrnehmen und bewerten – insbesondere im Kontext interkultureller Kommunikation. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Politeness-Theorie von Brown und Levinson (1987), die Höflichkeit als strategischen Umgang mit dem Gesicht des Gesprächspartners versteht. Unter Rückgriff auf diese Theorie wird untersucht, ob und inwiefern sich kulturell bedingte Unterschiede in der Bewertung kommunikativer Strategien feststellen lassen.
Die vorliegende Untersuchung basiert auf einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz, bei dem quantitative Erhebungsverfahren in Form standardisierter, auf Likert-Skalen basierender Fragebögen mit qualitativen Methoden – insbesondere offenen Fragen und teilstrukturierten Interviews – methodenintegrativ kombiniert werden. Befragt wurden insgesamt 60 Germanistikstudierende an zwei Universitäten in Nordmazedonien (Tetovo und Štip), die in zwei Gruppen nach ethnischer Zugehörigkeit (mazedonisch, albanisch) unterteilt wurden. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Frage, ob sich unterschiedliche kommunikative Erwartungen und Normvorstellungen in Bezug auf Direktheit, Entschuldigung, Rücksichtnahme und indirekte Sprechakte feststellen lassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende mit albanischer Herkunft tendenziell sensibler gegenüber negativ-höflichen Strategien sind und direkte Ausdrucksformen eher als unhöflich empfinden. Im Gegensatz dazu bewerten viele mazedonische Studierende direkte Formulierungen als neutral oder sogar positiv-höflich. Diese Ergebnisse verweisen auf die kulturelle Relativität von Höflichkeit und stellen die Universalitätsansprüche klassischer Höflichkeitstheorien in Frage. Die Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur interkulturellen Pragmatik und betont die Notwendigkeit, kulturspezifische Höflichkeitsnormen im Fremdsprachenunterricht explizit zu thematisieren, um Missverständnisse in interkulturellen Kommunikationssituationen zu vermeiden und die kommunikative Kompetenz von Studierenden zu fördern.
Schlüsselwörter: Höflichkeit, interkulturelle Kommunikation, Höflichkeitstheorie von Brown und Levinson, ethnische Unterschiede, Pragmatik, kulturelle Variation
Adipsic central diabetes insipidus as a result of neurosarcoidosis
Get PDFSarcoidosis is a systemic multisystem inflammatory disorder
of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of non-ca
seating granulomas. Neurosarcoidosis leads to hypothala
mus-pituitary axis dysfunction, and the most common clinical
manifestation is the onset of arginine vasopressin deficiency. We
present a case involving a 46-year-old female patient with neuro
sarcoidosis and associated changes in the hypothalamus-pitu
itary axis, leading to clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism
and an atypical presentation of arginine vasopressin deficiency.
The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis has not been confirmed
throughthrough biopsy due to its associated high risk and acces
sibility challenges. However, based on the computed tomography
and magnetic resonance imagingcomputed tomography and
magnetic resonance imagingresults and the clinical presentation,
the patient received hormone replacement therapy with levothy
roxine 25 mcg, hydrocortisone 20 mg + 10 mg, and desmopressin
50 mcg to alleviate the clinical symptoms. Notably, the diagnosis
of arginine vasopressin deficiency could not be confirmed based
solely on clinical characteristics due to the absence of polydip
sia and polyuria. In addition, the classic water deprivation test
was inconclusive due to persistent hypernatremia, which was
confirmed by ruling out other potential causes of hypernatremia.
Neurosarcoidosis presents a diverse clinical profile and poses
challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in patients
with disorders affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and
non-typical arginine vasopressin deficiency.
Keywords: Neurosarcoidosis. Arginine vasopressin defi
ciency. Hypernatremia
Јазични средства за изразување на дистанца.
Get PDFПоимот дистанца го сметаме за семантичка категорија, која може да биде изразена регуларно, со граматички средства (и морфолошки) – информацијата да биде граматикализирана, но и да биде изразена со лексички средства. Теориски, ќе се повикаме и на теоријата на когнитивна лингвистика, и тоа: Теоријата на категоризација врз основа на прототип (која ја воведува Елеанор Рош, втората половина на 70 – тите години на минатиот век) и Теоријата за метафората како одлика на човековиот когнитивен процес, претставена од Лејкоф и Џонсон (во „Metaphors we live by“ / „Метафорите со кои живееме“/)
From soil to survival: PGPB-triggered defense and adaptation in plants
Get PDFPlants and beneficial soil bacteria engage in dynamic and reciprocal interactions that
influence plant development, nutrient acquisition, and stress resilience. Among these, plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have garnered considerable attention due to their ability to
support plant health through a range of biochemical and physiological mechanisms. These
bacteria produce a variety of bioactive compounds that enhance plant stress tolerance, improve
nutrient availability, and offer protection against phytopathogens.
PGPB influence plant performance through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct
pathways include the biosynthesis of phytohormones (such as indole-3-acetic acid),
solubilization of essential nutrients like phosphate, zinc, and potassium, ammonia production,
and atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Indirectly, they contribute by secreting siderophores, lytic
enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, and antibiotics, which suppress harmful microorganisms and
enhance plant immunity.
These functional traits position PGPB as valuable components in sustainable agriculture,
especially for the development of bioformulants including biofertilizers, biopesticides, and
biofungicides. Such alternatives reduce dependency on chemical inputs and contribute to
environmentally responsible crop management. Nonetheless, despite the expanding repertoire
of beneficial strains, the practical implementation of PGPB in agriculture remains challenging.
Factors such as microbial survival, strain specificity, plant-microbiome compatibility, and
fluctuating environmental conditions can influence their efficacy in field applications.
This review explores recent advances in understanding PGPB-mediated plant adaptations to
abiotic and biotic stressors, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and
metabolite production. It also discusses formulation strategies and delivery systems designed
to maximize their stability and performance. Ultimately, leveraging PGPB potential requires a
deeper integration of microbiology, plant physiology, and environmental science to ensure their
consistent and scalable use in sustainable agricultural systems
Geopolitical importance of Ukrainian EU membership
Get PDFThe ongoing war in Ukraine has renewed attention to the geopolitical significance of the European Union’s enlargement policy and emphasis the strategic weight of Ukraine’s potential accession. The paper explores the Ukrainian case in EU enlargement process aiming to analyze the importance of Ukraine’s potential EU membership by examining the benefits of its natural resources and geopolitical aspect of EU enlargement policy
Influence of organic versus conventional pig production on meat quality and fatty acid composition
Get PDFStudies have shown that organic rearing systems can enhance certain meat quality parameters. To investigate the nutritional processing quality of pork meat from conventional pig farms, а standard physical-chemical analysis was performed. Intramuscular fat content was 4.28%, water content 76.71%, protein 24%, pH=6.02, water binding ability 16.10%, and the brightness L=32.32, redness a=7.76, yellowness b=7.81. The interplay of genetics, nutrition, and production practices ultimately shapes the functional food properties of pork, influencing consumer preferences and market trends.
Keywords: pork, nutritional quality, production syste
Simplifying the surgical management of hypodontia
Get PDFObjectives: Dental implant insertion is a widely accepted and effective solution for addressing hypodontia, particularly in cases involving the absence of maxillary lateral incisors. The treatment of congenitally missing lateral incisors through dental implants offers several advantages, including improved aesthetics, function, and patient satisfaction. However, successful implant placement requires careful consideration of various factors, including bone quality, implant design, and the overall treatment plan.
Case Report: This is a case of a 45-year-old, healthy female patient with absence of the permanent right maxillary incisor, managed solely using dental implant. The decision and final treatment plan went in the direction of applying a minimally invasive surgical technique without implementing additional material cost and time-consuming procedures.
Conclusion: In conclusion, dental implant insertion presents a viable and effective solution for managing hypodontia, particularly in cases of missing maxillary lateral incisors. The success of this treatment modality relies on thorough preoperative planning, assessment of bone quality, and a multidisciplinary approach to address the unique challenges presented by each patient. With appropriate management, dental implants can significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals with hypodontia.
Keywords: Hypodontia, Dental implant, Surgical management, Inciso
Statistical process control chart in food industry
Get PDFControl charts are a graphical representation of the obtained data from tested samples and are used t separate systematic from random variability. With the application of control charts which are simple graphical tools, the technological processes can be monitored, but they are also used to monitor, detect, prevent and improve the quality of the process. This research was aimed at detecting the production process for obtaining a homogenized chocolate mass. A control chart for individual values, a control chart for the proportion of defective products (p) and the number of defective products (np) were applied to detect defects in chocolate production. Using the control chart, the measured parameter was moisture content and based on it, the mean value of the moisture in the product is 0.78%. This mean value indicates that the variation is within the allowable limits and is consistent as all samples fall within the upper and lower control limits. Furthermore, the use of the p control chart for determining the stability of the process, the share of the defects in the production of chocolate homogenized mass was calculated before (41%) and after the corrective measure undertaken (2.5%). The most common defects observed are the deviation from the mass, broken product, matte surface, irregularly shaped chocolate and products with lumps which after the undertaken corrective measures were removed and the stability of the process was increased