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Current situation and management of pleural effusion in PHI Clinical Hospital Tetovo
Get PDFIntroduction: Pleural effusion is a disturbance in the balance between fluid production and elimination in the pleural space, resulting
in abnormal fluid accumulation. It can result from various medical conditions related to the lungs and pleura or systemic diseases.
Identifying the etiology of pleural effusion is essential for effective treatment. According to Light’s criteria, pleural effusions are
transudative and exudative.
Material and Methods: For this research, we collected data from the existing documentation in the Department of Pulmonology
and Respiratory Allergology at PHI Clinical Hospital Tetovo from June 2022 to June 2023. This study included 133 patients with
dyspnea, persistent chest pain, fatigue, hemoptysis, cough, a history of past illnesses, and other comorbid conditions. The data
collection process was rigorous, and we followed ethical guidelines to ensure the reliability of our findings.
Results: The patients included in our study were between 36 to 84 years old. Of them, 72,9% were males, and 27,1% were females.
85,7% were smokers, and 14,3% were non-smokers. 75,0% of patients complained of dyspnea, and 24,8% had hemoptysis. From
the ultrasonography findings, 15,0% had an alteration in the left lung, 11,3% in the right lung, 20,3% of patients were punctuated
to the left side, and 24,8% were punctuated to the right lung. In comparison, 1,5% were punctuated to both sides. In 2,3% of the
subjects, computed tomography described an effusion in the left lung.
Conclusion: The results suggest that pleural effusion is associated with various diseases, especially heart failure and malignant
diseases. Our study underscores the importance of early detection of the cause of pleural effusion and the underlying disease for
successfully managing and treating the disease. The insights from our research can guide healthcare professionals in developing
effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes
Exploring the performance of ChatGPT for numerical solution of ordinary differential equations
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s capabilities in certain numerical analysis problem: solving ordinary differential equations. The methodology which is developed in order to conduct this research takes into account the following mathematical abilities (defined according to National Centre for Education Statistics): Conceptual Understanding, Procedural Knowledge, Problem Solving, and Application in Real-world Contexts. The outcomes demonstrate that ChatGPT’s performed very well for the set tasks, and it also gives promising results for programming code generation, with certain limitations. The effectiveness and accuracy of the answers and solutions obtained by ChatGPT are related to the type of equation, i.e., how complex it is, and also with the instructions we give to ChatGPT. It also requires further improvement of the machine learning model and the ability to provide an explanation of how the output was obtained
The impact of the civil war on the civilian population in Syria: A review of the primary and secondary effects
Get PDFAlthough the civil war in Syria is no longer the primary focus of the global political and media landscape, the population in Syria will feel the consequences of flagrant
violations of human rights and international humanitarian law for a long time. The conflict, which began in 2011, is still ongoing, albeit at reduced intensity, while economic and social conditions in Syria continue to deteriorate. The negative consequences resulting from the war are complex and diverse, with immediate as well as long-term effects, including physical, psychological, economic, and social aspects.
The focus of this paper is the treatment and consequences of civil war on the civilian population in Syria, viewed through the prism of specific impacts, including primary and
secondary effects. The aim is to delve deeper than the obvious consequences, which are not only reflected in the loss of human lives, but also in the long-term effects on key social sectors where the impact of war is most strongly felt
CA23105 - Language Plurality in Europe’s Changing Media Sphere (PLURILINGMEDIA)
Get PDFDescription
Protecting Europe’s linguistic plurality and increasing multilingualism is a clear aim of the European Union and the Council of Europe, balanced against the concern of increasing dominance of larger languages – most prominently English. The challenge is also present in the media which is facing increased global competition and changing consumption trends, threatening media spheres in official national languages and even more so for regional and minority languages.
PLURILINGMEDIA intends to advance collaboration and bring coherence to the field of European media from the perspective of language plurality, encouraging involvement of scholars in related disciplines and facilitating knowledge transfer between academics and practitioners. This incorporates the digitalisation shifts affecting consumption and provision of media, providing opportunities and threats to journalists, as well as influencing policymakers, educators and other stakeholders. Academics working on these topics mostly work on singular linguistic spheres and there remains a deficiency of knowledge transfer across the dimensions of academic discipline, career-stage, geography and industry.
Spreading instances of good practice will be of particular relevance to smaller linguistic spheres and lesser-funded media outlets, who may be able to benefit from certain elements of digitalisation. Moreover, involving individual content creators with institutional actors will also bring further plurality to media spheres, aiming to determine the benefits of this convergence of actors on the same platforms and share methods of reaching younger audiences. Through all of this, PLURILINGMEDIA plans to demonstrate the plurality of a given regional or minority language sphere, empowering use of the language through media.
Action keywords
Regional and Minority Languages - Media - Language plurality - Social Media - Journalis
Innovative technology for Temjanika wine production with honey addition before fermentation
Get PDFIn this study, addition of honey before fermentation (20 and 40 g/L added honey) of Temjanika white grapes was performed in order to study the influence of the honey on the wine quality. Fast and accurate analytical techique, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), was used to determine the chemical compostion of wines produced with honey and compared with the control wine (produced without addition of honey). Basic parameters such as alcohol, density, glycerol, pH, total acidity, total sugars, individual carbohydrates (glucose, fructose and saccharose), individual organic acids (tartaric lactic, malic, citric and acetic) as well as total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity have been determined. Results showed that wine fermented with 20 g/L honey added before fermentation presented highest content of almost all parameters, with exception of antioxidant activity, which concentration was slightly highest in the controled wine. Concerning organic acids, tartaric acid was the dominant organic acid in wines, as it was expected, followed by malic and citric acid. In general, wines presented satisfactory values for alcohol, pH, total acidity, glycerol and acetic acid, confirming the the wines are stable, with satisfied quality
Cheap talk, Kripke semantics, Common knowledge and two examples of boom, bust & asset bubbles
Get PDFThis paper investigates the Crawford-Sobel model as cheap talk model where communication between players does (not) directly affect the payoffs of the game. Partition equilibrium and equilibrium actions do not converge with bias in beliefs. Green-Stoke model of information transmission showed that BNE differs from Cournot, Nash and Stackelberg and while Cournot is agent and principal best response, BNE is principal best response. Stackelberg equilibrium is outside of principals’ or agents' BR. Kripke model of partial separation with mixed strategy equilibrium show that if the world is w_H m_H beliefs/payoff ratio is higher than that of w_L m_H and if the world is w_H m_L beliefs/payoff ratio is higher than in w_L m_L world. In the common knowledge frame communication does not change the structure of knowledge in the model. Deterministic and bursting bubbles differ in the movement of dividend/price and capital gain. Whether investors coordinate for collective optimality Kantian equilibrium or not (Nash equilibrium) matters for asset bubble size.Dot.com bubble and 2008 financial crisis with Case-Shiller measure for housing bubble and S&P movements are investigated as some indicators for asset bubbles and cheap talk
A Novel Dimensionless Parameter for Predicting Peak Currents in Square-Wave Voltammetry
Get PDFSquare-wave voltammetry (SWV) is most advanced electroanalytical technique widely employed for probing redox processes owing to its superior resolution and signal-to-noise characteristics. Despite its advantages, a fundamental theoretical limitation persists, i.e., the absence of a unified formalism capable of accurately describing peak current behavior under a broad spectrum of kinetic and experimental conditions. In contrast to linear scan voltammetry, where the Randles–Ševčík equation provides a direct and well-established relationship between peak current and system parameters, SWV introduces inherently complex, time-dependent perturbations of interfacial concentration gradients due to its pulsed excitation protocol. These perturbations, compounded by the interplay of square-wave amplitude, potential step, temperature, diffusion coefficient, and electron-transfer kinetics, have hindered the derivation of a general analytical expression governing peak current magnitudes in SWV.
In the present study, we conducted comprehensive theoretical simulations of a simple one-electron redox system: Red ⇌ Ox + e- modeled under the Butler-Volmer formalism, accounting for diffusion-controlled mass transport. Through this analysis, we introduce a novel dimensionless parameter X defined as:
X = const. x [(dE⋅F)/(RT)] [(Esw/dE)0.5] K/(1+K)
which consolidates the contributions of the most critical physical and experimental variables, i.e. temperature (T), potential step (dE), square-wave amplitude (Esw), electron-transfer rate constant (ks), frequency (f), and diffusion coefficient (D) via the dimensionless kinetic parameter K. Our preliminary results demonstrate that, when the ratio of square-wave amplitude to potential step is held constant, the peak currents in SW voltammograms remain invariant across wide ranges of temperatures and kinetic regimes, provided that this unified parameter X is fixed.
This study therefore reports, for the first time, the identification of a dimensionless descriptor that integrates the multifactorial influences on peak current behavior in SWV. The findings establish a conceptual basis for the development of a generalized theoretical framework for SWV and contribute to a deeper understanding of kinetic redox processes under square-wave perturbation
Endogenous Ben-Porath model and taxes
Get PDFThis paper is about taxes in endogenous Ben-Porath model. First it derives exogenous Ben-Porath model with moral hazard (education effort is unobservable due to moral hazard) ,and usual Mirrlees, Pareto and Ramsey taxes. Separation theorem justifies use of labour taxes but compared to Atkinson-and Stiglitz theorem where savings and consumption should not be taxed separately, separation theorem states that human capital accumulation and consumption-saving are independent. Instead of taxing labor income heavily, education should be subsidized to encourage investment in human capital. Policy makers have justification about progressive taxation that should be paired with education subsidies to correct any underinvestment in human capital.Labour income should be primary tax base,and capital income taxation should be minimized. In endogenous determination of life expectancy or retirement model vs endogenizing by allowing individuals to choose both the level and the type of human capital accumulation the result about evolution of human capital and tax revenues under different tax regimes are inverse. In the models of tax formulas with spillover effects, they(spillover effects) are present in the Pareto tax formula, while labor supply elasticity and elasticity of consumption affect Mirrleesian and Ramsey taxation respectivelly
Interactive Mathcad Simulations for Common Electrode Mechanisms in Cyclic Voltammetry
Get PDFCyclic voltammetry is a cornerstone of electrochemical analysis, used to interrogate mechanistic pathways as well as the kinetics and thermodynamics of redox processes. Many biochemical transformations comprise electron-transfer steps coupled to homogeneous reactions that precede, follow, or regenerate the electroactive species, classically denoted CE, EC, and EC′ mechanisms. Robust simulation of these pathways is essential for sound interpretation of experimental data, yet freely accessible tools remain limited. Here we present a set of ready-to-use Mathcad files for simulating cyclic staircase voltammograms of diffusional CE, EC, and EC′ mechanisms within the Butler–Volmer framework. The protocols specify all relevant physical constants and waveform parameters, and define the dimensionless kinetic and thermodynamic variables required to build recurrent relations for current calculation. The implementation explicitly resolves anodic and cathodic current components, enabling reconstruction of complete voltammograms and extraction of standard descriptors (e.g., peak currents, peak potentials, peak-to-peak separations, and mid-peak potentials). We further illustrate how these features can be used diagnostically to distinguish mechanisms and delineate kinetic regimes. By making the simulation files freely available, the platform provides students and practitioners with an interactive, transparent environment for learning and method development, while offering experienced researchers a practical computational aid for experiment design and data analysis. This work thus helps bridge theoretical electrochemistry and laboratory practice, facilitating deeper mechanistic understanding of complex electrode processes
Македонско културно наследство во соседството, дијаспората и светот
Get PDFГлавна цел на трудот е поставување насоки за евидентирање и документирање на македонското културното наследство кое се наоѓа во соседството, дијаспората и светот, и нејзино менаџирање преку организирани туристички посети на значајни места, објекти и настани. Текстот е поделен во три дела. Во првиот дел се споменува поделба на македонското културно наследство кое се наоѓа во соседството, дијаспората и светот, и тоа според период на настанување, според значење, својства и загрозеност. Потоа, дадени се насоки како тоа културно наследство да се евидентира и документира. Во вториот дел даден е преглед на македонско културно наследство (места, објекти и настани) кое се наоѓаат на простори во соседните држави. Потоа, изнесени се предлози како културното наследство туристички да се менаџера за посета од страна на туристи од Македонија. Во третиот дел се споменуваат места, објекти и настани кои ги има во дијаспората и светот а се важни за македонскиот идентитет. Дадени се предлози како културното наследство да се евидентира и туристички менаџера за посета од страна на туристи од Македонија. Во Заклучокот даваме согледувања и примери на успешна туристичка реализација на дел од наведените македонски културни наследства во соседството, дијаспората и светот. Предлагаме и препорачуваме како оваа активност во континуитет да биде мотивирана и поддржана од разни институции на македонската држава и пошироко од македонската дијаспора. За оформување на трудот користена е литература и други извори