Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Editorial: The Public Health Scholars as the Health Leaders
Full text linkDear Colleagues,Thinking over public health, we believe there are many ways to determine it. For instance, a majority perspective can be underpinned by two keywords: science and art, by its approach to health in the community. Therefore, we would like to invite all of you, each of our colleagues, to recall the “true color” of public health scholars in the present issue of Kesmas. In Volume 18, Issue 4, November 2023, the last issue of the year, Kesmas emphasizes current substantial topics that apply as public health implications as approaches and interventions to mitigate global issues, particularly in developing and low-resource-setting countries
Job Satisfaction Model of Primary Health Care Midwives Based on Indonesian Workforce Research in the Health Sector
Full text linkPromotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative efforts that are comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable are employed to enhance the health state of the global population. Within this context, however, the quality of primary health care depends on job satisfaction, which leads to the happiness of human resources in the health sector. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and formulate a job satisfaction model among primary health care midwives in Indonesia. This study was an advanced secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 by the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. A total of 87,341 midwives from all 9,669 primary health cares in Indonesia participated in this study. Data were collected by distributing the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, elaborating on the satisfaction level and relevant contributing factors. The prefilled Likert scale questionnaire was analyzed using logistic regression. The findings suggested a model indicating that motivation, work area (region), history of salary delay, and training received were important for their job satisfaction, whereas the motivation aspect contributed the most. Therefore, the local and central governments must consider these factors in the human resource policymaking process
Indonesia’s COVID-19 Trend After the End of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern: Preparation for an Endemic
No full textThree years into the pandemic, the World Health Organization revoked the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. This decision sparked debate, notably around the possibility of a surge in cases due to the SARS-CoV-2 mutations. To manage this transition, the Indonesian government enacted stringent controls on case numbers. This case series study provided an overview of COVID-19 case trends in Indonesia following the revocation of public health emergency of international concern status by the World Health Organization. Data were collected for 5 weeks after the statement (May 6–June 10, 2023) from the COVID-19 Task Force’s official online platform of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The trends were monitored in daily confirmed, active, recovered, and death cases, and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel and Stata 16. The findings indicated a positive trend for Indonesia, with decreased daily confirmed cases (89.42%) and active cases (44.16%). Recovered cases accounted for 97.47%, higher than the global average (96%). Unfortunately, the death rate (2.38%) exceeded the global statistic (1%). These results highlighted the need for sustained vigilance, enhancement of the 3T strategy (testing, tracing, and treatment), and wider vaccination coverage. It remains critical to uphold the 3M protocols—mask-wearing, physical distancing, and hand hygiene—to prevent a potential rebound in cases, even without the public health emergency of international concern status,as the situation transitions toward endemic COVID-19
Risk Factors of Worsening of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Jakarta
No full textSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical multiorgan autoimmune disease with a fluctuating and chronic disease course. As an emerging disease in this century, SLE will burden stakeholders and the country. This study was conducted to determine the prognostic factors for SLE worsening, especially in ambulatory patients. This ambispective study used logistic regression to view the risk factors for worsening SLE in patients. Anemia, age, body mass index, education level, employment status, marital status, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressants were the independent variables in this study. This study concludes that anemia is statistically significant and, therefore, a risk factor for worsening SLE in patients (RR = 5.31; p-value<0.005), while age, body mass index, education level, employment status, marital status, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressants are not statistically significant
Workers’ Characteristics of Hearing Loss at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the characteristics and factors of worker behavior, including age, the use of ear protection, work duration, a record of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, work rotation, and noise hazards involved in hearing loss in PT. X at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study from May 2017 to June 2017 involved 73 workers in the power service area (TZ Unit) exposed to noise levels <85 dBA and ≥85 dBA, using an audiometry test for hearing loss and Sound Level Meter for noise hazards was conducted. The Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between age (OR 8.4, 95% Cl = 1.6-44.1), work duration (OR 7.6, 95% Cl = 0.9-67.2), and the use of ear protection (OR 7.8, 95% Cl = 1.4-44.2) with hearing loss in workers in the power service area. The multivariate analysis revealed that workers exposed to a noise level of 85 dBA had a 1.7 times greater risk of hearing loss than workers exposed to a noise level of <85 dBA after controlling for age, work duration, use of ear protection, medical history, and work rotation
Dimensions of Vaccination Attitudes in Nigeria: A Study of the Impacts of COVID-19 Vaccine Risk Perception and Acceptance
Full text linkNigeria has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination is a key strategy. However, the country faces vaccination hesitancy, poor risk perception, and low acceptance. This study aimed to assess the direct and interactive impacts of COVID-19 vaccine risk perception and acceptability on COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in the general Nigerian population. In a cross-sectional approach, participants completed a structured questionnaire including demographics, COVID-19 vaccine risk perception, acceptance, and vaccination attitude from April 2-30, 2021. The sample included 1,026 participants from different ethnicities across four regions (Southwest, South, Southeast, and North Central) in Nigeria, which were selected using the convenience sampling method. Multivariate analysis of variance results showed that the COVID-19 vaccine’s risk perception and acceptability have separate and interactive effects on overall vaccination attitudes. Interactively, individuals with high-risk perceptions and low acceptance expressed more skepticism about its benefits, were concerned about its long-term body effects, believed more in its commercialization, and preferred natural immunity. Nigerians’ apprehension about COVID-19 vaccination is impacted by their high-risk perception and low vaccine uptake
Extremely Hot Ambient Temperature and Injury-related Mortality
Full text linkThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of extremely hot ambient temperatures on the total number of fatal injuries. Data were collected from a population-based mortality registry of Thanh Hoa, a province in the North Central region of Vietnam. This study qualified the distributed lag non-linear model and calculated the RR and 95% CI adjusted for long-term trend and absolute humidity. For the entire study population with 3,949 registered deaths due to injuries collected during 2005-2007, after the onset of extremely hot ambient temperatures, an increased risk of death was observed on the 9th day RR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.06–1.97) and reached the peak on the 12th day RR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.14–2.17), and at the 15th day RR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.08–2.06). Men and old adults were identified as the most vulnerable groups. This study confirmed a positive association between hot temperatures and injury-related deaths in the province of 3.6 million people. The findings motivated further investigation into the effect of warm climate changes and the risk of deaths related to other specific causes such as road traffic, work-related injury, and etc
Effect of Local Culture-based Nutrition Education on Compliance with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Female Adolescent
Full text linkThe non-compliance of female adolescents with the consumption of iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) poses a challenge to reducing the incidence of anemia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education using the local culture-based approach on the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption dimensions, as well as compliance of female adolescents in consuming IFAS. The intervention was conducted using a quantitative quasi-experimental design approach. The sample comprised 68 and 58 senior high school girls in the control and intervention groups. The intervention group received IFAS and local culture-based nutrition education for 12 weeks and followed up after four weeks; while, the control group was given a leaflet and IFAS. Univariate analysis was conducted to analyze the participants’ characteristics; while, bivariate analysis used an independent T-test. The multivariate analysis was carried out using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. The study showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge and attitudes scores in the intervention group (p-value<0.01) compared to the control group. In conclusion, the compliance with IFAS in the intervention group was 82.8%
Development and Validation of Perception of Seating Ergonomics Questionnaire: A Study on Klang Valley Drivers in Malaysia
Full text linkDriving is an instrumental activity of daily living that has become an essential mode of transportation. Good ergonomic practices are vital to ensure successful driving. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that could be used to determine how personal, environmental, and occupational factors influenced drivers' perceptions of seating ergonomics. This cross-sectional study was conducted in June-July 2022 among 250 drivers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, recruited via an online survey. The participants completed the questionnaire by assessing different constructs in the Person-Environment-Occupation model and perceptions of seating ergonomics. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, followed by a path analysis. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 participants. The final EFA generated a four-factor structure that accounted for 61.69% of the variance. The final version of the questionnaire contained 19 items. The Cronbach's alpha values for all the constructs were above 0.7, and all the intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.8. Based on the path analysis results, personal and occupational factors emerged as significant predictors for drivers' perceptions of seating ergonomics. The developed questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable
Presidential Vote Share and COVID-19 Vaccination Rate in Indonesia: A District-level Cross-Sectional Ecological Study
Full text linkPolitical affiliation has been reported as a determinant of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in some countries, although few studies have examined the Asian context. This study aims to fill this gap by employing an ecological study design using Indonesian regions as data points. Political affiliation was represented by incumbent President Jokowi’s vote share in the 2019 presidential election. Potential confounders included population density, human development index, availability of hospitals and primary health care, 2019–2020 economic growth, COVID-19 mortality rate, and proportion of Muslims in the population. The final analysis included 201 out of 501 districts and cities in Indonesia. Controlling for confounders, multivariate regression found that Jokowi’s vote share was an independent predictor of vaccination rate, with standardized β and R2 values of 0.350 and 0.734 for the first dose vaccination rates and 0.251 and 0.782 for the second dose, respectively. This association may be underpinned by differences in religiosity, public trust, and vulnerability to misinformation between Jokowi’s supporters and the opposition. Improving public trust in a politically polarizing society is crucial to improving future coverage of COVID-19 and other vaccines