Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Correlation between Dental Environment and Perceived Stress Scale among Dental Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Full text linkAcademic stressors in a medical educational environment are related to two factors. This study was carried out in order to analyze the correlation between the dental environment and perceived stress among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were 422 undergraduate dental students and the validated Modified Dental Environmental Stress (DES) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires were used. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis was used to measure the correlation between DES and PSS score. The result showed that five dental stressors were noted to have the strongest correlations with PSS (p-value >0.40). They include expectation towards dental school (p-value = 0.431), lack of confidence to be a successful dentist (p-value = 0.424), lack of confidence to become a successful dental student (p-value = 0.408), dental school regulations (p-value = 0.401) and criticism of school work (p-value = 0.400). In addition, all six DES categories showed a positive correlation with the PSS. Therefore, the dental students collectively displayed moderate perceived stress scores. The overall discoveries from this study showed a positive correlation between the DES and PSS among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Analysis Implementation of COVID-19 Prevention Policy for Disability in Social Institution (Case Study: Jakarta Capital City)
Full text linkOne of the most vulnerable groups in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation is people with disabilities. People with disabilities generally have more health care needs, both standard needs and needs related to the disorders/limitations they have. As part of human beings and citizens of Indonesia, constitutionally persons with disabilities have the same rights and position before the law and government. This study aims to analyze the implementation of COVID-19 prevention policies at the social institutions for disability in Jakarta Capital City, provide information about the implementation, find out the obstacles, and recommend policymakers in the prevention of COVID-19 in social institutions with disabilities. This study used an exploratory study design with a rapid assessment survey approach, uses a secondary data analysis method which is supported by interviewing stakeholders at the Social Institutions in Jakarta Capital City that handle disabilities. The results of this study conclude that the overall implementation has been going well. The socialization and coordination process related to the COVID-19 prevention policy at the Social Institution for Disabilities in Jakarta Capital City has gone well among fellow officers but has communication barriers with residents.One of the most vulnerable groups in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation is people with disabilities. Generally, people with disabilities have more healthcare needs, both everyday needs and needs related to the disorders/limitations. As part of human beings and citizens of Indonesia, constitutionally, people with disabilities have the same rights and position before the law and government. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of COVID-19 prevention policies at the social institutions for disability in Jakarta Capital City, provide information about the implementation, find out the obstacles, and recommend policymakers to prevent COVID-19 in social institutions with disabilities. This study used an exploratory study design with a rapid assessment survey approach, using a secondary data analysis method supported by interviewing stakeholders at the Social Institutions in Jakarta Capital City handling disabilities. The results of this study concluded that the overall implementation has been going well. The socialization and coordination process related to the COVID-19 prevention policy at the Social Institution for Disabilities in Jakarta Capital City has gone well among fellow officers but has communication barriers with residents
Burundi’s ‘Worst Enemy’: the Country’s Fight Against COVID-19
Full text linkCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved to be a severe global public health threat, causing high infection rates and mortality worldwide. Burundi was not spared the adverse health outcomes of COVID-19. Although Burundi’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized, hope arose in June 2020 when the new government instituted a plan to slow virus transmission that included public health campaigns, international travel restrictions, and mass testing, all of which proved effective. Burundi has faced many challenges in containing the virus, the first of which was the lack of initial preparedness and appropriate response to COVID-19. This was exacerbated by factors including shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited numbers of life-saving ventilators (around 12 ventilators as of April 2020), and the presence of only one COVID-19 testing center with less than ten technicians in July 2020. Moreover, as Burundi is amongst the poorest countries in the world, some citizens were unable to access necessities such as water and soap, required for compliance with government recommendations regarding hygiene. Interestingly, Burundi did not implement a nationwide lockdown, allowing mass gatherings and public services to continue as usual due to a firm belief in God’s protection. As the daily confirmed cases have tripled since December 2020, Burundi must prepare itself for the threat of a new wave. Establishing precautionary measures to contain the virus and strengthening the health surveillance system in Burundi would significantly positively impact the prevention and management of COVID-19
Epidemiological Pattern of COVID-19 Infection from March to November 2020 in Situbondo District, East Java, Indonesia
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global threat. As of March 31, 2020, there were 1,528 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 136 deaths in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological features and clinical course of COVID-19 in Situbondo District, East Java Province, Indonesia, to facilitate understanding of the epidemiological situation and the spread of infection in the community to improve the control and prevention measures. This study examined the epidemiological features of COVID-19 cases in Situbondo using descriptive analysis. The results revealed that from March to November 2020, there were 1,622 suspected cases and 816 confirmed cases. Moreover, females (total case 470,58%) were more likely to be infected than males (total case 346,43%). Mainly, the cases of COVID-19 infection were in the age group of 19-37 years old (36.8%), and almost half of the confirmed cases (41 cases) were caused by the infection from close contact to confirmed cases, based on the epidemiological investigation report. People with comorbidities were more susceptible to being infected. Hypertension (8,7%), diabetes (8,6%), heart disease (3,7%), kidney failure, and COPD, each by (1%) were the highest reported comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. There was another disease with a low percentage like asthma, pulmonary TB, and cancer. This study opens the gate to further studies, which are needed to understand more about the epidemiological COVID-19 situation in the community
The Significance of Super Depo Sutorejo: Waste Management Project in Surabaya Municipality, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Super Depo Sutorejo Surabaya (SDSS) Project was created to separate household waste into fractions, but its separation effect is unknown. This study assessed the significance of the project in sorting general waste into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and assorted. The t-test compared the means of general and biodegradable waste (normally distributed). The non-biodegradable and assorted waste were not significantly distributed; therefore, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare their medians against general waste. The multivariate analysis compared the significance level of each waste fraction. Each statistical analysis showed that the SDSS significantly sorts the general waste. The p-values were (0.000) <0.05 for each type of waste fraction. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that all variables were similar, and p-values (0.00) <0.05. The biodegradable waste was the most significant fraction (M = 176,715.9; SD = 57,990.8), followed by the assorted (M = 171,412.5; SD = 94,631.3), and non-biodegradable (M = 35,243.8; SD = 17,290.7). The results showed that the SDSS significantly segregates general waste into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and assorted, therefore hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This study recommends the Government of Surabaya to maintain and expand this waste management project throughout the city alongside the improvement of the community participation program.
Inter-related Factors Influencing Sexual Quality of Life among Women Living with HIV in Banten Province, Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study
Full text linkSocio-cultural concerns often restrict women's sexual rights and well-being living with HIV (WLHIV) in developing countries. These convergent parallel mixed methods study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore factors influencing WLHIV sexual quality of life in Banten Province, Indonesia. A 2017 cross-sectional survey of 207 reproductive-aged WLHIV was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression statistics. Furthermore, in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of survey participants (n = 30) were thematically analyzed. Most of the women (60%) involved reported loss of sexual pleasure and depressed sexual life. Meanwhile, 48% affirmed low sexual quality of life which was associated with unemployment (aOR = 2.90, and 95%CI =1.51–5.58), limited sexual activities (aOR = 2.89, and 95%CI = 1.20–6.93), living with extended family (aOR = 2.68, and 95%CI = 1.27–5.65), and experiencing intimate partner violence (aOR = 2.28, and 95%CI = 1.03–5.03). The respondents described unsatisfactory sexual life in a belief that having sex is a wife's duty and choosing not to talk about sexual issues or refuse sexual invitation in fear of triggering intimate partner violence. Inter-related personal, social, cultural, and religious factors affected the sufferers’ sexual life
COVID-19 Preparedness and the Anxiety of Thai Citizens
Full text linkThe outbreak of COVID-19 has brought sickness and fatality to Thai citizens. In addition, it left a tremendous psychological impact on mental health as they experienced panic and anxiety about controlling situations and preserving their physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing COVID-19 preparedness and anxiety based on groups of Thai citizens. Online questionnaires were employed to collect data from 2,768 respondents selected through convenience sampling and snowball sampling on Facebook, having shared questionnaires with 190 other users. Data were collected from March 29 to April 3, 2020. The acquired data were analyzed using percentage and logistic regression analyses. It found that the influencing factors of preparedness included citizens’ sex, residing province, and work or off-house conditions. In contrast, the influencing factors of anxiety included their sex, age, residing province, and income adequacy. The results conveyed that Thai citizens were anxious about the pandemic and had been attempting to cope. In addition, issued policies should respond to the public promptly to prevent unnecessary panic and to maximize public cooperation against future situations put forth by the pandemic
The Psychological and Sleep-Related Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review
Full text linkThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on mental health and sleeps quality that is unprecedented in the 21st century. This systematic review aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its effect on people’s sleep. Systematic searches were conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest from 2019 to August 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on eligibility criteria such as having a cross-sectional study design, assessing the general public’s mental health status or sleep problems, medical workers and non-medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and using standardized and validated scales for measurement. The keywords: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND Mental health OR Psychological health AND General population OR General public AND sleep AND Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019. A total of 23 articles were selected after being assessed. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical workers were found to have psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, psychological distress, somatization symptoms, suicidal ideation, high risk of severe mental illness, worry, and insomnia. Non-medical workers experienced symptoms of depression. The general public experienced psychological problems: depression, anxiety, stress, bad mood, inability to stop thinking about COVID-19, panic, and experiencing sleep problems such as changing sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, sleep quality, difficulty with sleep initiation, and shortened sleep duration. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with psychological problems and sleep disorders for medical workers, non-medical workers, and the general public
The Indonesian Strategy to Achieve Universal Health Coverage through National Health Insurance System: Challenges in Human Resources
Full text linkMany countries are currently trying to achieve universal health insurance coverage in order to provide health protection for their population. Indonesia has received a strong political commitment to implement national health insurance including government support to finance the poor. The implementation of comprehensive national health insurance requires human resources, each of which has a role in fighting for noble goals for the welfare of all people. This paper is taken from the experience of Indonesia and several other countries as well as guidelines that can be used in exploring the role of human resources for the success of the implementation of national health insurance