MTA-SZTE Research Group on Artificial Intelligence
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Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis
Get PDFDirect Evidence for Cannibalistic Necrophagy as a Way of Nitrogen Recycling in Ants
Get PDFAdequate nitrogen sources are indispensable for the development and reproduction of most animals. Some observations suggest that eusocial insects, such as termites or ants, can cover the protein requirements of their growing larvae by consuming the corpses of their own nestmates, a behavior known as cannibalistic necrophagy. While termites commonly utilize this food source, its occurrence in ants remains controversial and has so far been supported only by indirect observations (e.g., substantial weight loss of corpses or the presence of gnawed‐out holes on the abdomen of the corpses). This behavior might be a crucial tool for survival under suboptimal conditions; however, long‐standing evidence supporting its presence in ants is limited. In this study, we assessed whether cannibalistic necrophagy indeed occurs in ants by offering fluorescently marked corpses to their nestmates and subsequently detecting the signal within the digestive tracts of the living ants. Our results provide direct evidence that some ant species can use corpses, a constantly available food source, to fulfill the nitrogen requirements of the colony. This food source can have a variable share in the diet of a colony, and we argue that it is mainly utilized when food availability is scarce. By enabling the recirculation of nitrogen from deceased colony members, necrophagy may contribute to the ecological and evolutionary success of ants
Nanomechanical Properties of Rib Bones in Diabetic vs. Healthy Rat Models
Get PDFThis study examines how diabetes mellitus and physiological aging influence the nanomechanical behavior of rat rib cortical bone using combined static and dynamic nanoindentation. Ribs from young control, old, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were analyzed to quantify both intrinsic and frequency-dependent mechanical properties. Static nanoindentation revealed markedly higher hardness and elastic modulus in the diabetic group (0.47 ± 0.22 GPa and 9.53 ± 3.03 GPa, respectively) compared to controls (0.11 ± 0.03 GPa and 3.21 ± 0.51 GPa; p < 0.001). The modulus-to-hardness ratio, an indicator of fracture toughness, was reduced from 30.34 in controls to 20.45 in diabetics, suggesting increased stiffness but greater brittleness. Dynamic nanoindentation (0–4.5 Hz) demonstrated significant aging-related changes in the storage and loss moduli (p < 0.001), while the loss factor (tan δ < 1) and viscosity remained similar across groups, indicating predominantly solid-like behavior. These results show that diabetes stiffens bone tissue through matrix-level alterations, whereas aging primarily affects its viscoelastic damping capacity. The combined static–dynamic nanoindentation protocol provides a robust framework for distinguishing disease- and age-related bone degradation at the tissue scale. Translationally, the findings help explain why bones in diabetic or elderly individuals may fracture despite normal mineral density, underscoring the need to assess bone quality beyond conventional densitometry
Determining classes for generalized ψ-estimators
No full textWe prove that the values of a generalized ψ-estimator (introduced by Barczy and Páles in 2025) on samples of arbitrary length but having only two different observations uniquely determine the values of the estimator on any sample of arbitrary length without any restriction on the number of different observations. In other words, samples of arbitrary length but having only two different observations form a determining class for generalized ψ-estimators. We also obtain a similar statement for the comparison of generalized ψ-estimators using comparative functions, and, as a corollary of this result, we derive the Schweitzer's inequality (also called Kantorovich's inequality)
Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating GPR35 Receptors and Preserving Mitochondrial Structure and Function
Get PDFAcute myocardial infarction, often associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), is a major healthcare issue ranking among the leading causes of death globally. Although kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, has been previously shown to protect the cardiac tissue against I/R injury, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, here, we examined whether KYNA administration rescues H9c2 cardiac cells exposed to I/R through the preservation of the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria. In addition, we assessed whether KYNA-derived agonism on G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is involved in the protection of cardiac cells against simulated I/R (SI/R)-induced cellular demise. Our results demonstrated that KYNA attenuated the SI/R-induced calcium overload as well as impairments in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Furthermore, administration of KYNA was shown to reduce mitochondrial superoxide production and preserve mitochondrial function in cells exposed to SI/R. Activation of the GPR35 receptors using an agonist other than KYNA rescued cardiac cells undergoing SI/R, attenuated the apoptotic activity, and improved various parameters of mitochondrial respiration. The administration of a synthetic GPR35 antagonist in parallel with KYNA attenuated the KYNA-induced cytoprotection. Our findings provide evidence that the protective effect of KYNA against SI/R-induced cardiac cell injury involves mitoprotective mechanisms, acting, at least in part, through the activation of GPR35 receptors
Néptanítók a medikalizáció és pedagogizáció metszéspontjában : Diskurzus az önfertőzésről a Néptanítók Lapjában (1873)
Get PDFA magyar versenyjog és versenypolitika az EU-csatlakozás óta eltelt húsz évben : Hatás, visszahatás, ellenhatás
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