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Teenage dreams of self-driving cars: Findings of a UTAUT-based conjoint analysis among the 14–19 age group
Get PDFEmpowerment - A hatalom megosztása
Get PDFThe concept of power in social work is less discussed. It is usually addressed along the lines of the lack of power that is associated with clients, but rarely does it address our own personal understandings of power, our concepts and experiences of direct assistance, or our interpretations of power in relation to our practice as educators. Our blinkered, or often rather confused, attitude goes back to the archetype of volunteer helpers, eg. friendly visitors. Although deeply convinced of the superiority of their own values, this form of aid is modestly silent in its opinions and nonconfrontational. Its critical approach is not concerned with the social or institutional environment or its own functioning. In my essay, I examine perceptions of power through the filter of the extent to which they can support the goal of empowerment in our profession. I explore the potential for empowerment within the institutional context of case work and services
The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations in the Relationship Between Peer Context and Academic Engagement: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective
Get PDFStudent engagement in learning has well-recognized positive effects on both academic and non-academic aspects of development. However, there has been limited research on the factors that shape it. This study examined the influence of peers’ academic norms, educational aspirations, and effort socialization on students’ academic engagement, placing self-efficacy and outcome expectations as mediators. Grounded in Bandura’s social cognitive theory, data were collected cross-sectionally from 596 high school students (male = 315) in Ethiopia. The results of the path analysis demonstrated a good model-data fit. Peers’ academic norms, educational aspirations, and effort socialization positively predicted academic engagement. Bootstrap analysis with 5000 samples revealed that academic self-efficacy (β = 0.022, BC 95% CI = [0.008, 0.041], p < 0.01) and outcome expectations (β = 0.053, BC 95% CI = [0.028, 0.086], p < 0.001) partially mediated the relationship between peer educational aspirations and students’ academic engagement. The partial mediated effects of peers’ academic norms on academic engagement via self-efficacy (β = 0.030, BC 95% CI = [0.014, 0.054], p < 0.001) and outcome expectations (β = 0.037, BC 95% CI = [0.014, 0.062], p < 0.01) were also significant. Additionally, peer effort socialization showed significant positive indirect effects on academic engagement, mediated by academic self-efficacy (β = 0.024, BC 95% CI = [0.009, 0.044], p < 0.01) and outcome expectations (β = 0.078, BC 95% CI = [0.050, 0.112], p < 0.001). Overall, the mediation analysis revealed that outcome expectations and self-efficacy partially mediated the link between academic engagement and the peer context, highlighting the importance of these mediators in enhancing student engagement
Results of the Hungarian Newborn Screening Pilot Program for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Get PDFThe growing need to identify spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients as early as possible has shifted attention to newborn screening (NBS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of including the SMA-NBS in the Hungarian screening panel. As the first step, a government-funded pilot program started in November 2022 and continued until the end of 2023. Evaluation of the first 14 months was followed by the decision to lengthen the program until the end of 2024, which was further supported by the needs of society. Screening tests were performed in both Hungarian national screening laboratories uniformly using the combined EONIS SCID-SMA real-time PCR assay kit by Revvity, for the newborns whose parents gave written consent for the analysis. Altogether, 155,985 newborns were screened during the 26 months of the program, which was 87% of all newborns involved in the national neonatal screens of the same period. All 19 newborns identified on the screen were diagnosed with SMA, confirmed by a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay (MLPA). The favorable results of the pilot study support the inclusion of the SMA in the national screening panel at the earliest possible date
The last 40,000 years of a floodplain area (Tisza, Hungary) comparative case study of 14C and OSL methods
Get PDFTo investigate the environmental history of the Tisza River (Hungary), we applied 14 C and OSL dating methods for five parallel, neighboring cores from the flood plain area (Jászság Basin). Four major sedimentary layers were identified: meadow soil on the top (S1); silty-clay (S2); clayey-silt (S3) section; and fine sand (S4). 14 C and OSL data were integrated into a synthetic age-depth model using the BACON software package. Formation of the S1 layer (depth: 0–1.0 m) falls in the Holocene, up to 10 kyrs cal BP, with moderate sedimentation rate (100 yr/cm aAR). The S2 layer (1.0–8.0 m depth) represent the entire Last Glacial to Upper Pleniglacial period (19–27 kyrs cal BP), with a much faster sedimentation (20 yr/cm aAr). The S3 section (8.0–17.0 m) represents a longer period (27–45 kyrs cal BP) with similar sedimentation rate (19 yr/cm aAr) as S2. These clayey silt layers fall into the Late Pleistocene/Middle Pleniglacial period, a period of nearly 18 kyrs of sedimentation resulting ∼9 m thick sediment. Our study delivered some new and important details about the surface evolution of the investigated Tiszasüly area. A missing part of about 10 kyrs period (between 10–19 kyrs cal BP) was revealed in the investigated synthetic cores
Computational memory capacity predicts aging and cognitive decline
Get PDFMemory is a crucial cognitive function that deteriorates with age. However, this ability is normally assessed using cognitive tests instead of the architecture of brain networks. Here, we use reservoir computing, a recurrent neural network computing paradigm, to assess the linear memory capacities of neural-network reservoirs extracted from brain anatomical connectivity data in a lifespan cohort of 636 individuals. The computational memory capacity emerges as a robust marker of aging, being associated with resting-state functional activity, white matter integrity, locus coeruleus signal intensity, and cognitive performance. We replicate our findings in an independent cohort of 154 young and 72 old individuals. By linking the computational memory capacity of the brain network with cognition, brain function and integrity, our findings open new pathways to employ reservoir computing to investigate aging and age-related disorders. © The Author(s) 2025
