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Im/mobility in a disruptive time: the impact of Covid-19 on the size and directional flow of international student mobility
Get PDFThe share of internationally mobile students has risen exponentially for the last two decades until the disruptive COVID-19 period, leading to a more diverse and multipolar network structure. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused restrictions across the globe. This systematic review aims to explore how COVID-19 has affected the magnitude, flows, and direction of internationally mobile students. A total of 57 studies, retrieved from several databases after extensive search, were analyzed regarding the dimensions of size, flow, direction, and pattern in international student mobility during the pandemic. The review suggests that following the pandemic, international student mobility was still dominated by the top-tier countries due to their swift actions and incremental policies, while some other countries gained visibility for international students and attracted more international students owing to students’ safety concerns and revised international student policies of the countries. Further, students’ study abroad decisions from source countries seemed to be shaped by the policies and regulations implemented during the pandemic, the political environment of the destination country, and personal concerns about safety and getting the most out of the study abroad experience. These factors reshaped the directional flow of international student mobility and study modality, particularly concerning regionalization and digital transformation for higher education institutions
Correction: The impact of COVID-19 on the social and cultural integration of international students: a literature review
Get PDFGold and Silver Nanoparticles Efficiently Modulate the Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells
Get PDFBrain Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Headache
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, affecting approximately 25% of patients. While most headaches resolve within weeks, some persist for months, suggesting underlying structural brain changes. This study aimed to identify brain MRI abnormalities associated with chronic headaches in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This retrospective study included 30 patients with post-COVID-19 headaches and 30 control patients with no history of COVID-19. Demographic characteristics were analyzed using t-tests and chi-square tests. MRI findings were categorized into six types: cortical atrophy, white matter lesions, vascular lesions, lacunar lesions, vascular encephalopathy, and sinusitis. Differences in MRI findings between the two groups were evaluated using chi-square tests. Secondary outcomes included the analysis of symptoms accompanying headaches, diagnoses following MRI, and treatments applied.
Results: White matter lesions were significantly more frequent in the post-COVID-19 group (50%) compared to controls (20%) (p = 0.015). Conversely, sinusitis was more prevalent in the control group (36.7%) than in the post-COVID-19 group (6.7%) (p = 0.005). Other MRI abnormalities showed no significant differences. Cognitive dysfunction (30%) and dizziness (33.3%) were the most common associated symptoms. The most frequent diagnoses after MRI in the post-COVID-19 group were headaches/migraines (23.3%), post-COVID-19 headache (20%), and vestibular syndrome (13.3%).
Conclusions: Persistent post-COVID-19 headaches may be linked to structural white matter changes observed in MRI. Further research, ideally including pre-infection imaging data, is needed to determine the causal relationship between these lesions and chronic headache symptoms
Fluid‐Induced Reconfigurable Polarization‐Insensitive Metasurfaces for Optical Wireless Communications
Get PDFIn optical wireless communication (OWC), the adaptability of infrared and visible spectra is attracting growing interest. These technologies are promising solutions for various real‐world applications, including indoor, underwater, vehicular, and IoT systems. However, conventional OWC systems are constrained by their bulky structures and fixed optical properties, which limit their ability to provide on‐demand communication services and integrate with on‐chip technologies. Therefore, the demand for ultrathin, reconfigurable devices with real‐time adaptability is becoming increasingly urgent to ensure efficient and reliable communication. Here, this study introduces a fluid‐induced reconfigurable, polarization‐insensitive metasurface to enhance the performance and flexibility of OWC networks. A key feature is its ability to adjust diffracted light to meet communication requirements, irrespective of the polarization state of the incident light. This metasurface utilizes infrared light at a wavelength of 1550 nm to enhance signal transmission and reduce environmental interference. In a proof‐of‐concept, a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm metasurface is fabricated, and its focal length variation is verified in three different fluidic environments: Air (n = 1), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (n = 1.491), and AZ‐GXR (n = 1.602). The proposed design offers reconfigurability, reduced polarization sensitivity, and consistent signal quality, making it ideal for next‐generation OWC applications
Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains
No full textInternational survey on training of dermatology residents in supportive oncodermatology: the RESCUE study
No full textPurposeThe dermatological management of cancer patients with cutaneous adverse events occurring during and after oncologic treatment is known as supportive oncodermatology. This includes prevention, early identification, and mitigation of dermatologic toxicities. The aim of the international RESCUE (Residents' survey on training of dermatology residents in supportive oncodermatology) study was to ascertain the current level of expertise in supportive oncodermatology among dermatology residents.MethodsThe European Task Force "Dermatology for cancer patients" and the US Oncodermatology Society developed an online questionnaire with 30 multiple-choice items. Responses were collected using qualitative ordinal data (yes/no, 1-5 ratings) and multiple-choice options. Ordinal range results were analyzed by aggregating responses 1 + 2 + 3 versus 4 + 5, with 5 representing the highest grade ("extremely confident" or "full training").ResultsA total of 442 dermatology residents from 20 countries replied. These participants reported receiving less comprehensive training in supportive oncodermatology (only 41% receiving complete training) compared to immunodermatology (75%), cutaneous oncology (75%), dermoscopy (64%), and dermatologic surgery (50%). Only 17% of the residents reported feeling confident in managing the dermatological toxicities associated with anticancer treatments. Residents also indicated receiving less education regarding toxicities related to endocrine therapies (28%). In particular, lower levels of competence were reported in managing nail, hair, and oral toxicities. A significant majority of residents (98%) deemed it essential to enhance training in dermatological toxicities associated with anticancer therapies during their oncology residency.ConclusionThe RESCUE study represents the first project assessing residents' education in supportive oncodermatology. To enable future generations of dermatologists to provide enhanced care for cancer patients, supportive oncodermatology training should be integrated in residency programs worldwide, corresponding to training in other subspecialties. A more practical approach should also be incorporated, including extended training in hair, nail, and oral toxicities, enhancing the competencies of dermatology residents in all countries