MTA-SZTE Research Group on Artificial Intelligence
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Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord
Get PDFHow reliable is the evaluation of DNA binding constants? Insights and best practices based on an inter-laboratory fluorescence titration study
Get PDFHow could the physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) influence enzymatic activity? A Detailed Study on Nanofibrous Catalysts Incorporating a Lipase from Burkholderia cepacia
Get PDFUtilizing the electrospinning technique to entrap enzymes within nanofibers (providing nanofibrous enzyme catalysts, NEC) offers promising avenues for scientific and industrial sector as well. While numerous instances of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based nanofibrous biocatalysts have been documented, a comprehensive investigation to characterize the effect of PVA on catalytic activity is notably lacking. This study systematically investigates the effect of PVA properties, such as molecular weight (24‐205 kDa), degree of hydrolysis (DoH 88% and 98%), and polymer concentration (6‐16 wt%), on the structure of PVA nanofibers and on the biocatalytic properties of a lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BcL) entrapped into PVA nanofibers ensuring 100% yield of immobilization. The PVA‐enzyme interactions were studied using viscometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman mapping, differential scanning calorimetry and computational docking simulations. Stereoselective hydrolysis and transesterification was used to evaluate enzyme activity. Results showed that the molecular weight and DoH of PVA have a significant effect on the biocatalytic activity of nanofibrous enzyme catalysts. Remarkably, activity yields (mostly exceeded 100%, with maximal yields achieved using fully hydrolyzed PVA) with a molecular weight of 61 kDa providing a tenfold increase in the specific enzymatic activity of BcL immobilized in nanofibers (90.6 U×g−1) compared to its native form (9.0 U×g−1)
Opioid Utilisation in Hungary: National and Regional Analysis in Ambulatory and Hospital Care Sector
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Opioid consumption analysis in Hungary, particularly through ambulatory and hospital sales data, including regional information, is lacking. This study examines opioid use in both sectors, explores regional variations, and identifies influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using sales data from ambulatory and hospital care, quantifying opioid consumption in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants (DID) and per day, or DDD per 100 patient days (DHPD) at national and regional levels. Correlations between opioid utilisation and regional variables were assessed using Spearman’s rank test. Results: Total opioid use has risen from 4.73 DID in 2012 to 6.75 DID in 2021, with weak and oral opioids being the most used. Ambulatory care experienced significant increases in weak (61.48%) and oral opioid use (60.01%). Hospital care experienced a decline in DID and stagnation in DHPD. Tramadol combinations grew notably in ambulatory care, with tramadol-paracetamol rising from 0.37 DID to 2.17 DID (484.61% increase) and tramadol-dexketoprofen from 0.12 DID to 0.91 DID (650.27% increase). Interregional differences showed a maximum to minimum ratio of 1.79 in ambulatory and 3.03 in hospital care in 2021. Positive correlations were found between opioid use and geriatric population percentage (r = 0.475; p = 0.035) and, also, unemployment rate (r = 0.546; p = 0.014). A moderate negative correlation was observed between the number of general practitioners (r = −0.458; p = 0.043) and ambulatory care opioid use. Conclusions: Opioid use is increasing in Hungarian ambulatory care while remaining steady in the hospital sector. Regional variations are possibly linked to demographic and economic factors in ambulatory care
Long-Term Prognostic Power of Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Peak Left Atrial Reservoir Global Longitudinal Strain in Healthy Adults—An Analysis from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study
Get PDFIntroduction: The contraction–relaxation pattern of the left atrial (LA) walls is opposite to that detected in the left ventricle, which includes thinning in radial, lengthening in longitudinal, and widening in circumferential directions in the systolic reservoir phase of LA function as measured by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a quantitative feature of longitudinal wall contraction referring to the whole LA. The present study aims to clarify the expected prognostic impact of peak LA-GLS as assessed by 3DSTE in healthy participants during a long-term follow-up period. Methods: The study consisted of 142 healthy adults (with an average age of 32.1 ± 12.7 years; 72 of the participants were men), in whom complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed on a voluntary basis. Results: Thirteen adults suffered from a cardiovascular event, including two cardiac deaths during a mean follow-up of 8.35 ± 4.20 years. Peak LA-GLS ≥ 20.9%, as assessed by 3DSTE, was found to be a significant predictor for cardiovascular event-free survival by using ROC analysis (specificity 74%, sensitivity 62%, area under the curve 0.69, p = 0.025). Healthy individuals with peak LA-GLS < 20.9% had a lower LV-EF and a significantly higher ratio of cardiovascular events compared to cases with peak LA-GLS ≥ 20.9%. Subjects who experienced cardiovascular events had lower peak LA-GLS and the ratio of subjects with peak LA-GLS < 20.9% proved to be significantly increased compared to that of cases without cardiovascular events. Conclusions: 3DSTE-derived peak LA-GLS representing LA lengthening in the end-systolic reservoir phase of LA function predicts future cardiovascular events in healthy adults
Signatures of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala in individuals with religious or spiritual problem
Get PDFPerceptions of hospital pharmacists regarding roles in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades: a mixed-method study
Get PDFIntroduction: A prescribing cascade occurs when new medications are prescribed to address an adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with the preceding use of a medication, which may be mistaken as the onset of a novel disease or condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of hospital pharmacists regarding roles in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades.Methodology: A qualitative, semi-structured interview, followed by a quantitative, questionnaire-based study, was carried out at the Shifa International Hospital (SIH; Islamabad, Pakistan). Discharge summaries of patients aged ≥ 60 years were collected to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy at SIH.Results: Discharge summaries of n = 350 patients were collected; 60.2% (n = 211) had comorbid conditions, and the co-occurrence of diabetes and hypertension were the most common. 37.8% (n = 132) were taking 8 or more medications. Eight (n = 8) hospital pharmacists participated in the qualitative study, and 4 major themes were identified in their perceptions regarding prescribing cascades. Fifty-two (n = 52) pharmacists were recruited in the quantitative phase. 86.5% (n = 45) of the participants reported long standing illness/chronic conditions; 67.3% (n = 35) noted the presence of comorbidities as a high risk, while 90.3% (n = 47) noted multiple prescribers, and 75.0% (n = 39) identified the ageing population as important risks factors for polypharmacy.Conclusions: The current research may inform the role and responsibilities of hospital pharmacists in outpatient and inpatient departments, and in interprofessional care teams, in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades
Kisebbségi nyelvvédelem a spanyol rendvédelmi szervek berkein belül, különös tekintettel Katalóniára
Get PDFAim: In Hungary, few studies deal with the structure and functioning of the Spanish police. The present study takes a unique approach to the topic from a minority language perspective, which can serve as a lesson for other minorities, such as those living beyond the Hungarian border.Methodology: The methodological approach is based on documentary analysis. The study examined the Spanish Constitution, the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, and the regulations and laws relevant to the language issue and police force. Part of the study is based on the report of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Internet resources such as articles and websites are also examined.Findings: State police forces (Spanish National Police and Civil Guard) often discriminate against Catalan-speaking citizens. In the case of Catalonia's police force, there is no linguistic discrimination against citizens, but officers are obliged to use Catalan within the organization, despite the fact that both Spanish and Catalan are allowed in Catalonia.Value: The value of the study lies in the fact that it draws attention to a phenomenon that needs to be addressed. By publicizing the problems related to language use, it is an opportunity to improve the situation. The study could raise social awareness of the problem of language discrimination. Awareness could trigger changes in the functioning of police organizations and in the development of mechanisms to regulate language use. There is a paucity of research on the subject, so this study will provide new information and fill a research gap that has received little attention. In my future research, I will certainly examine the other autonomous police forces in Spain from the perspective of minority language use