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The effect of unilateral endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy on swallowing in cases of bilateral vocal fold palsy
Get PDFInjekciós laryngoplastica alkalmazása féloldali hangajakbénulás esetén [Injection laryngoplasty for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis]
Get PDFAz egyoldali hangajakbénulás hangképzésre és nyelésre gyakorolt hatásai az életminőség szignifikáns romlásához vezethetnek. A nervus laryngeus recurrens izolált sérülése az érintett oldali hangajak mozgáskorlátozottságával és jellemzően paramedián helyzetben történő rögzítettségével jár. A bénulás vezető tünete a hangteljesítmény csökkenése, ritkábban az aspiráció és a terhelésre jelentkező légzési nehezítettség. Az optimális terápiás metódus kiválasztása függ a hangajakbénulás etiológiájától, a hangajkak helyzetétől, a betegség prognózisától, a bénulás óta eltelt időtől, a páciens társbetegségeitől és motiváltságától is. A probléma megoldására több típusú fonokirurgiai módszer kínálkozik, amelyek közös célja a kóros pozíciójú, mozgásképtelen hangajak medializációja a fonációs zárás optimalizálása érdekében. A beavatkozások közül egyszerűségével és sokoldalúságával kiemelkedik az injekciós laryngoplastica, amely a bénult hangajak pozíciója mellett annak volumenét és ezzel párhuzamosan tömegét is képes korrigálni. A nemzetközi szakirodalom áttekintésével és saját tapasztalataink alapján bemutatjuk az eljárás alkalmazásának módszertanát, különös tekintettel a különböző műtéti technikákra és az injektálható anyagok típusaira. E tényezők optimális megválasztásával az injekciós laryngoplastica biztonságos, olcsó, relatíve könnyen elsajátítható, kedvező eredményeket nyújtó megoldás a különböző okok miatt kialakuló enyhe-közepes glotticus elégtelenség kezelésében. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(26): 1017–1024. | The effects of unilateral vocal fold paralysis on voice production and swallowing can lead to a significant deterioration
in the quality of life. Isolated injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in limited movement of the affected vocal
fold and its fixation in a paramedian position. The leading symptom of paralysis is decreased vocal performance, less
commonly aspiration and difficulty breathing on exertion. The selection of the optimal therapeutic method depends
on the etiology of vocal fold paralysis, the position of the vocal folds, the prognosis of the disease, the time elapsed
since the paralysis, the patient’s comorbidities and motivation. Several types of phonosurgical methods are available
to solve the problem, the common goal of which is the medialization of the abnormally positioned, immobile vocal
fold in order to optimize phonatory closure. Among the interventions, injection laryngoplasty stands out with its
simplicity and versatility, which can correct the position of the paralyzed vocal fold, as well as its volume and, at the
same time, its mass. Based on a review of the international literature and our own experiences, we present the meth-
odology for applying the procedure, with particular attention to the different surgical techniques and the types of
injectable materials. With the optimal choice of these factors, injection laryngoplasty is a safe, inexpensive, relatively
easy to learn, and favorable solution for the treatment of mild to moderate glottic insufficiency due to various causes
Prognostic Potential of Apoptosis-Related Biomarker Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Get PDFOf breast cancers, the triple-negative subtype (TNBC) is characterized by aggressive behavior, poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to its high molecular heterogeneity. Since insufficient programmed cell death response is a major hallmark of cancer, here we searched for apoptosis-related biomarkers of prognostic potential in TNBC. The expression of the pro-apoptotic caspase 8, cytochrome c, caspase 3, the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and the caspase-independent mediator, apoptosis-inducing factor-1 (AIF1; gene AIFM1) was tested in TNBC both in silico at transcript and protein level using KM-Plotter, and in situ in our clinical TNBC cohort of 103 cases using immunohistochemistry. Expression data were correlated with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). We found that elevated expression of the executioner apoptotic factors AIF1 and caspase 3, and of BCL2, grants significant OS advantage within TNBC, both at the mRNA and protein level, particularly for chemotherapy-treated vs untreated patients. The dominantly cytoplasmic localization of AIF1 and cleaved-caspase 3 proteins in primary TNBC suggests that chemotherapy may recruit them from the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial stocks to contribute to improved patient survival in proportion to their expression. Our results suggest that testing for the expression of AIF1, caspase 3 and BCL2 may identify partly overlapping TNBC subgroups with favorable prognosis, warranting further research into the potential relevance of apoptosis-targeting treatment strategies
Aortic Valve Annular Characteristics in Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction—Detailed Analysis from the Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study
No full textBackground: Left ventricular (LV) non-compaction (NC) is a rare ventricular phenotype characterized by a thin compacted epicardial layer and an extensive non-compacted endocardial layer with prominent LV trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. According to the recent literature, no information is available regarding the abnormalities of the aortic valve annulus (AVA) in LVNC. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform a detailed analysis of the AVA by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in LVNC patients and to compare the findings with matched healthy controls. Methods: The present study comprised 21 isolated LVNC patients, from which 9 cases were excluded due to inferior image quality. The remaining group consisted of 12 patients with isolated LVNC (mean age: 54.6 ± 13.6 years, 7 males). Jenni’s echocardiography criteria served as a definition of LVNC. The 12 patients’ results were compared to 38 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean age: 48.2 ± 8.0 years, 19 males). Subgroups of patients having a greater end-diastolic versus end-systolic AVA area were also compared. Results: Most of AVA dimensions did not differ significantly between LVNC patients and controls; however, most LVNC patients showed a larger end-diastolic AVA area (9 out of 12, 75%), which was a significantly larger ratio as seen in matched controls (11 out of 38, 29%, p < 0.05). Aortic valve annular plane systolic excursion (AAPSE) proved to be significantly reduced in all LVNC patients (1.12 ± 0.24 cm vs. 0.78 ± 0.28 cm, p < 0.05) and in LVNC subjects with a greater end-diastolic AVA area (1.11 ± 0.21 cm vs. 0.72 ± 0.21 cm, p < 0.05). Basal LV radial (RS) and longitudinal (LS) strains were reduced in healthy adults with a greater end-diastolic AVA area as compared to cases with a greater end-systolic AVA area. In LVNC, not only basal LV-RS and LV-LS, but also LV circumferential strain (CS) proved to be reduced regardless of whether the AVA was greater in end-diastole or in end-systole. Conclusions: In patients with isolated LVNC, the AVA is not dilated; however, the presence of a greater end-diastolic AVA area is observed more frequently than in healthy controls. AAPSE and basal LV-RS, LV-LS and LV-CS values are significantly reduced in LVNC irrespective of whether the end-systolic or end-diastolic AVA area is greater
Crack propensity of different fiber-reinforced direct restorative procedures in deep MOD cavities
Get PDFEvaluating the success of immediate implants in the esthetic zone: a narrative review with case illustration
Get PDFBackground: Immediate implant therapy is a highly effective solution for replacing non-restorable teeth, particularly in the esthetic zone, where achieving optimal results can be challenging. In this area, even small imperfections can significantly affect a patient’s satisfaction due to the high visibility of the teeth involved. This narrative review provides an overview of findings from case reports and systematic reviews that highlight the success of immediate implant therapy in the esthetic zone. Additionally, it includes a case illustration to emphasize how meticulous planning, combined with advanced techniques, can achieve successful outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate implant placement and loading for non-restorable teeth in the esthetic zone. Key factors identified for success include atraumatic tooth extraction, precise implant placement, and effective soft tissue management to achieve natural esthetics and long-term stability. To illustrate these principles, the review features a clinical case involving the replacement of a maxillary right central incisor rendered non-restorable due to trauma. Treatment incorporated advanced digital planning, atraumatic extraction, immediate implant placement, and provisionalization. The final restoration involved soft tissue contouring and ceramic veneers on adjacent teeth, enhancing the patient’s overall smile and confidence. Results: Evidence from the literature indicates that well-planned immediate implant therapy achieves high success rates and long-term stability. In the clinical case presented, the workflow met the patient’s esthetic and functional needs, resulting in a natural, harmonious smile, and improved patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Immediate implant therapy in the esthetic zone is highly effective when critical considerations—such as bone preservation, guided implant placement, soft tissue shaping, and appropriate restoration—are meticulously addressed. Advanced techniques and careful planning are essential for fulfilling both esthetic and functional patient needs, ultimately delivering predictable and successful outcomes
Az óvodás korosztály számára készült hazai fonológiai tudatosságos tesztek feladattípusai, azok mérési eredményeinek metaanalízise, a fonológiai tudatosság kialakítása
Get PDFGyermeksorsok nyomában - A SEGÍTSÉG! című kötetről
No full textA Segítség! Gyermekrablás, -kereskedelem és átnevelés a 20-21. században című, a Gondolat Kiadó gondozásában 2024-ben megjelent kötet szerkesztői, Dornbach Mária és Lénárt András szerzőtársaikkal közösen lehetetlennek tűnő küldetésre vállalkoztak. A világ különböző régióiban a gyermekek sérelmére elkövetett, kevésbé ismert szörnyűségeket mutatják be tudományos igénnyel. Lehetetlen feladat ez, hiszen a gyermekek alkotják az egyik legkiszolgáltatottabb társadalmi csoportot, védtelenek az egyes politikai döntések, konfliktusos helyzetek következményeivel szemben. Többszörösen sérülékenyek azok a kiskorúak, akik valamely védett tulajdonságuk - etnikai hovatartozásuk, vagyoni helyzetük, szülőjük családi állapota - miatt nem "illeszkednek" a többségi társadalomba. A gyermekek folyamatos veszélynek vannak kitéve. Az évezredek alatt a sérelmükre elkövetett tettek rendkívül szerteágazók, örökbefogadásnak álcázott gyermekkereskedelemtől a gyermekcsonkításon át a gyermekházasságig - képtelenség valamennyi borzalmat felsorolni
Dynamic Interference of Chirped Photoelectrons
Get PDFDynamic interference is an elusive strong-field effect where photoelectrons from intense laser pulses interfere in time, forming rich kinetic energy patterns. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of isolated dynamic interference using a novel two-color scheme: chirped laser-assisted dynamic interference. Isolation was achieved with a crossed-polarization setup combining an extreme ultraviolet harmonic field and an infrared pulse with tailored spectrotemporal properties. Beyond prior works, our approach enables precise control over interfering trajectories, yielding holographic interference patterns and advancing our understanding of strong-field phenomena
Multi-round Recycling of Green Waste for the Production of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity
Get PDFDue to the limitations of conventional synthesis and the growing utilization of nanoparticles, recent efforts have shifted to green approaches such as utilizing plant waste extracts. A novel initiative to repurpose household and agricultural green waste for the generation of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative that addresses environmental and economic concerns. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the multi-round recyclability of (CA), green tea (GT), and Virginia creeper (VC) waste for AgNP production, then conduct a comprehensive physicochemical and bioactivity characterization of the nanoparticles. The study was designed to prepare AgNPs using waste from CA, GT, and VC generated by one, two, and three rounds of leftover extractions, then the obtained nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Their toxicity on malignant and nonmalignant human cells was evaluated by viability assays, the antimicrobial performance was assessed on Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and against and by microdilution method. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by a staining method, and the AgNP-related silver ion release was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Our findings confirmed successful synthesis of AgNPs utilizing recycled waste materials; nevertheless, the plant type and extraction round influenced AgNP properties to a unique combination of nanoparticle size and stability. All AgNPs showed strong toxicity against human cancer cells, albeit affecting also noncancerous fibroblasts. GT-derived AgNPs exerted potent antibacterial activity, while those by VC had strong antifungal effects. The observed bioactivity correlated with the increasing number of extraction cycles and was the result of enhanced silver ion-releasing capability that culminated in increased ROS levels. These findings demonstrate the viability of multi-round extract recycling for sustainable AgNP synthesis and suggest potential applications in industrial fields such as antimicrobial air filtration systems