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Community use of systemic antibiotics among individuals aged 15 and over in Brazil: A seven-year population-based cross-sectional study
Get PDFBrazil is recognized as the largest consumer of antibiotics among Latin American countries, despite the implementation of restrictive measures since 2011. Systemic antibiotics (J01) are commonly prescribed for community use and empirically for treating viral diseases, which can result in therapeutic failure and potential sources of microbial resistance. Studying the use of J01 at the outpatient and community level provides an opportunity to understand different clinical and social perspectives on the use of these drugs. The study aimed to describe the consumption of J01 in young people and adults in Brazil, based on dispensing from private community pharmacies. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from January 2014 to December 2020, extracted from dispensing records in the National System for the Management of Controlled Products at the national, regional, and state levels. The primary consumption indicator used was the Defined Daily Dose per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID). A total of 259,313,837 antibiotic dispensing records were collected during the period. Of this total, 67.2% were J01 and complied with other inclusion criteria established for the analysis. Over the period, 4,590,329,296 standard units were consumed in Brazil, characterized by a non-linear trend (p-value 0.357). Consumption ranged from 9.8 to 12.9 in DID. Penicillins (J01C) and macrolides (J01F) were the most consumed therapeutic groups, accounting for 28.1% and 28.6% of total J01 consumption, respectively, in terms of median usage. The analysis revealed that although overall consumption is increasing across the country, the patterns differ based on the distribution of dispensing records and DID values in various states. The results provide insights that can serve as a foundation for local health managers to analyze and interpret the data, promoting the development of surveillance and monitoring strategies for the use of J01
Shade induced changes in the volatile profiles of some selected essential oil bearing medicinal and aromatic plants
Get PDFThe key to the utter success for achieving sustainability goals in the medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) industry is the appropriate operation of plant production systems that supports both the regeneration of agroecosystems and operational efficiency, as well as full compliance with quality requirements. Plant production in agroforestry (AF) systems seeks to achieve all the ecological and economical aspects collectively. However, the spread of AF specialised on essential oil bearing plant production is currently limited by the lack of scientifically proven information about the changes of the volatile profile due to shade conditions. The scientific goal of this research was to screen temperate zone cultivated MAP species tolerant of reduced light conditions with a special focus on the changes of essential oil composition. Small-scale experiments under open-field conditions were performed, shade treatments (T30 as 30% and T50 as 50% reduced light conditions) were established using one and two layers of commercially available agro green shade nets. The changes of essential oil composition were measured by GC–MS and the causality was revealed by statistical analysis. The results of our study demonstrated that there are MAP species cultivated in temperate zones, which can be efficiently grown under shade conditions (30% light reduction) according to compliance of their volatile profile. In the case of Carvi aetheroleum and Saturejae aetheroleum , shade did not have a significant effect on its composition. In the volatile profile of Basilici aetheroleum , the main components did not, some minor components changed only significantly under the influence of shade. The composition of Dracocephali aetheroleum changed significantly under the influence of shade. Based on our current and previous findings Carum carvi L., Dracocephalum moldavica L., and Satureja hortensis L. species are recommended for large-scale experiments for the purpose of their introduction into medicinal agroforestry systems
Microbial Diversity in Hot Spring Soil Microbiome
Get PDFHot springs are natural habitats for thermophilic and hyper thermophilic microorganisms with optimal growth temperatures. This study was conducted using a metagenomic approach to analyze the microbial communities of Nglimut hot spring soils, Mount Ungaran. This study used an exploratory observational method. A total of ten samples of hot spring sediment soil were taken purposively in Nglimut hot spring, Mount Ungaran. A total of 600 grams of hot spring sediment soil samples were used for chemical analysis and 50 grams of samples for metagenomic analysis based on 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene marker regions. The total microbiota sequences analyzed in this study were 103,889 OTUs, consisting of 98,603 Bacteria OTUs and 5,286 Archaea OTUs. At the phylum level, all DNA sequences of soil microbiota bacteria identified 53 phyla, dominated by Proteobacteria (19.42%), Chloroflexi (17.21%), Nitrospirota (13.76%), Bacteroidota (7.67%) and Firmicutes (7.33%). At the order level, 305 bacterial orders were found, dominated by Nitrospirales (12.35%), Burkholderiales (7.99%), Rhizobiales (5.77%), Ignavibacteriales (4.06), and Anaerolineales (3.92%). A total of nine archaea phyla were identified in the hot spring soil, dominated by Crenarchaeota (85.13%), Nanoarchaeota (7.13%) and Halobacterota (5.58%). At the order level, 15 archaea orders were identified, dominated by Nitrosopumilales (64.08%), Nitrososphaerales (14.39%), Woesearchaeales (7.24%), Bathyarchaeia (6.15%), and Methanosarciniales (5.07%). The bacteria that dominate the soil of hot springs are bacteria that can survive at high temperatures (thermophilic) and are able to utilize sulfur. The presence of archaea in hot spring soil helps increase the activity of sulfatereducing bacteria in sulfur-containing soils. © 2025, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved
Efficacy and Safety of L-Menthol During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Get PDFEffect of supplementing commercially available and locally prepared carbon materials in anaerobic digestion: focusing on enhanced performance and potential mechanisms
Get PDFNew Horizons: The Evolution of Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors—A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are relatively rare neoplasms with heterogeneous behavior, ranging from indolent to aggressive disease. The evolution of nuclear medicine has allowed the development of an efficient and advanced toolkit for the diagnosis and treatment of PanNETs. Case: A 45-year-old woman was diagnosed with a grade 1 PanNET and multiple liver metastases. She underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, extended liver resection, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Surgical planning was guided by [99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography) and preoperative [99mTc]Tc-mebrofenin-based functional liver volumetry. Functional liver volumetry based on dynamic [99mTc]Tc-mebrofenin SPECT/CT facilitated precise surgical planning and reliable assessment of the efficacy of parenchymal modulation, thereby aiding in the prevention of post-hepatectomy liver failure. Liver fibrosis was non-invasively evaluated using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). Tumor progression was monitored using somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, chromogranin A, and contrast-enhanced CT. Recurrent disease was treated with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Despite progression to grade 3 disease (Ki-67 from 1% to 30%), the patient remains alive 53 months post-diagnosis, in complete remission, with an ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) status of 0. Conclusions: Functional imaging played a pivotal role in guiding therapeutic decisions throughout the disease course. This case not only underscores the clinical utility of advanced nuclear imaging but also illustrates the dynamic nature of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The transition from low-grade to high-grade disease highlights the need for further studies on tumor progression mechanisms and the potential role of adjuvant therapies in managing PanNETs
English summary: Bosch, Paul; Rodríguez, José M.; Sigarreta, José M.; Tourís, Eva: Some new Milne-type inequalities. J. Inequal. Appl. 2024, Paper No. 106, 14 pp.
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