MTA-SZTE Research Group on Artificial Intelligence
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Insulin in Myenteric Neurons: Time-Dependent and Regional Changes in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Get PDFEnteric neurons regulating motility display regional damage to diabetes. By inhibiting neuroinflammation, insulin can contribute to neuronal survival, therefore, we aimed to investigate the presence of insulin in myenteric neurons and their nitrergic population in acute and chronic rat models of type 1 diabetes. One or ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia, gut segments and the pancreas of control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats were investigated. In the controls, insulin-immunoreactive neurons comprised 8–9% of the total myenteric neuronal population in the ileum and colon and 2–4% in the duodenum. Except for the duodenum, this proportion was significantly increased in acute hyperglycemic rats and was decreased in the colon of the chronic ones. However, the proportion of insulin-immunoreactive nitrergic neurons remained unchanged in all segments in chronic hyperglycemia. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed an increased density of insulin-labelling gold particles in diabetic duodenal ganglia of the chronic experiment. Insulin mRNA was not detected in intestinal samples either in controls or diabetics. These findings support time-dependent and regional alterations in the proportion of insulin-immunoreactive myenteric neurons and their nitrergic subpopulation. Regionally different insulin content of myenteric neurons may contribute to their protection from diabetic damage
One Shoot Two Birds: Stabilization of Mn5+ in Ba2(Si,Ge)O4 as an Efficient NIR Thermometer and Intense Turquoise Pigment
No full textLuminescence of transition metal ions in unusual oxidation states is a treasure for developing new phosphors. Pentavalent manganese (Mn5+), which possesses a 3d2 electron configuration, has been reported less compared to its Mn2+ and Mn4+ counterparts due to the difficulty in its stabilization. In this study, Ba2(Si1-xGex)O4:Mn5+ phosphors were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The successful Mn5+ stabilization in the (Si,Ge)O4 tetrahedron leads to a bright turquoise body color with a strong NIR-II sharp-peak emission at room temperature. By replacing Si4+ with Ge4+, the peak position of the 1E-3A2 transition remains at 1181 nm, while the corresponding integrated intensity is enhanced by 150% at x = 0.6. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the geometrically optimized structure and electronic structure variation of the Ba2(Si,Ge)O4:Mn5+ phosphor. Then, they are discussed in association with the observed luminescence properties. It is found that modification of the host composition could modify the accelerated thermal quenching rate of the 1E emission. Temperature can be read from Mn5+1E vs 3T2 luminescence intensity ratios. This work represents a step toward exploring the unusual Mn5+ as the emitting center for the next-generation NIR-II phosphors and chromophores for new pigments
Characterization of graphs with orientable total domination number equal to |V|−1
Get PDFIn a directed graph D, a vertex subset S⊆V is a total dominating set if every vertex of D has an in-neighbor from S. A total dominating set exists if and only if every vertex has at least one in-neighbor. We call the orientation of such directed graphs valid. The total domination number of D, denoted by γt(D), is the size of the smallest total dominating set of D. For an undirected graph G, we investigate the upper (or lower) orientable total domination number of G, denoted by DOMt(G) (or domt(G)), that is the maximum (or minimum) of the total domination numbers over all valid orientations of G. We characterize those graphs for which DOMt(G)=|V(G)|−1, and consequently we show that there exists a family of graphs for which DOMt(G) and domt(G) can be as far as possible, namely DOMt(G)=|V(G)|−1 and domt(G)=3
AI and Blockchain in Local Public Employment. EU Regulatory Frameworks and Implementation Challenges
Get PDFPatterns of bonding and coping in couples raising children with atypical and typical development
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