Jurnal Biota
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Diversity of Indigenous Fungi on the Roots of Eucalyptus deglupta in the Pelangi Forest at Ijen Geopark, Bondowoso
Full text linkEucalyptus deglupta, a native tree species known for its ecological and economic value, forms unique associations with root fungi that play essential roles in nutrient cycling and plant health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the diversity of indigenous fungi associated with the roots of Eucalyptus deglupta in the Pelangi Forest, located within the Ijen Geopark area, Bondowoso Regency. The methods employed included the isolation of fungal cultures and subsequent identification through macroscopic and microscopic examination of morphological characteristics. The isolation process yielded eight fungal isolates representing seven species: Microsporum gypseum, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Geotrichum sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cladophialophora sp. The results indicated a considerable diversity among the isolated fungal species, with several taxa being reported for the first time in the study areaThese findings provide a valuable baseline for future ecological, biotechnological, and conservation studies, particularly in exploring the potential roles of these indigenous fungi in forest health, ecosystem resilience, and sustainable land management practices
Protective Effects of Acetone Extract of Portulaca oleracea L. on Liver Histopathology in Hypoxia-Induced Sprague-Dawley Rats
Full text linkHypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply, can cause tissue damage in vital organs, including the liver. The liver is particularly vulnerable to hypoxic injury, which may result in impaired function and hepatocyte death. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is known for its antioxidant properties, largely attributed to its flavonoid content, which can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of acetone extracts of purslane herb on hepatic histopathological changes in hypoxia-induced rats. Five experimental groups were established, each consisting of six rats (n = 6): normal control (N), hypoxia (H), hypoxia treated with dexamethasone (H+DEXA), hypoxia treated with purslane extract at 150 mg/kg body weight (HP1), and hypoxia treated with purslane extract at 300 mg/kg body weight (HP2). Purslane extract was prepared using the acetone maceration method. Hypoxia was induced by exposing rats to a gas mixture of 10% O₂ and 90% N₂ for 10 consecutive days. Liver tissues were processed using paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin–eosin for histopathological evaluation, focusing on hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg dose of purslane extract significantly reduced hepatocyte necrosis (35.33 ± 2.52 cells), inflammatory cell infiltration area (2488.51 ± 112.82 µm²), and hemorrhage area (1031.10 ± 17.38 µm²) compared with the hypoxia group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, acetone extracts of purslane demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects in hypoxia-induced rats, suggesting their potential as a natural therapeutic agent for the management of hypoxia-related liver injury
Petroleum Degradation by Bacteria Explored from Logending Mangrove Sediments
Full text linkOil spills resulting from shipping activities, tanker-based oil transportation, and fuel oil usage can cause coastal pollution, particularly in sensitive ecosystems such as mangroves. More than 90% of petroleum consists of hydrocarbons with complex carbon chain structures, making them difficult to decompose. Biological remediation using microorganisms offers a promising alternative for pollution mitigation, as microbes can degrade petroleum components and oxidizing hydrocarbons. This study aimed to evaluate the petroleum-degrading ability of selected bacterial isolates obtained from mangrove sediments at Logending Beach. The research employed experimental and survey methods. The primary parameter measured was Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), while supporting parameters included pH and bacterial population density. The study consisted of several stages, including bacterial isolation, screening, and evaluation of the petroleum degradation capacity of selected isolates. The results identified two potential bacterial isolates capable of degrading crude oil. Isolate LG62 exhibited a degradation efficiency of 71.40%, while isolate LG105 showed a degradation efficiency of 57.10%. Petroleum concentrations of 2% (v/v) and 5% (v/v) were degraded more effectively than higher concentrations. Overall, the two bacterial isolates (LG62 and LG105) from Logending mangrove sediments demonstrated significant potential as bioremediation agents for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination
Species Diversity and Distribution of Orchids along the Sepapah Kiri Waterfall Trail, Kubu Perahu, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Full text linkIndonesia is known as a country with a high diversity of orchids. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is located along the Bukit Barisan Mountain range in the tropical rainforest heritage of Sumatera, where various natural-growing orchids can be found abundantly. This study aimed to explore and identify the orchids diversity in the Kubu Perahu Forest section of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The observation was conducted along the hiking trails of Sepapah Kiri Waterfall, which has a 2.375 m length and about 568-876 masl. An exploratory method was conducted to collect primary and environmental data. A total of 16 genera were recorded, dominated by epiphytic orchids, with Agrostophyllum and Pinalia as the most abundant genera. Preservation of natural orchid species is needed by cultivation and increasing the exsitu conservation of orchids
Preliminary Survey of Forest Nursery Diseases in Ethiopia
Full text linkThe availability of a healthy stock of seedlings is fundamental for raising plantations. A survey was conducted from 2023 to 2024 to observe the occurrence of diseases in forest nursery seedlings in different zones of the Oromia and Amhara regions. During the survey, various plant species were examined for disease occurrence. It was found that E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, Acacia decurrens, Cupressus lusitanica, Grevillea robusta, A.indica, Juniperus procera, Pinus patula, and Dovyalis abyssinica were infected by a disease. The assessment recorded seven seedling diseases, with 12 fungal genera of pathogens isolated. The recorded symptoms of disease during the study included powdery mildew, damping-off, leaf spot, leaf blotch, rust, shoot dieback, and wilting. The pathogens identified from the recorded diseases symptoms were B.cinerea, Alternaria ,Pestalotiopsis spp., Podosphaera spp., Fusarium spp., R.solani, Cylindrocladium spp.,Uromycladium spp.,Phoma spp.and Pythium spp. Rhizoctonia solani was frequently isolated from the damping-off symptoms. Field observations indicated that damping-off on C.lusitanica and p.patula, as well as powdery mildew on Eucalyptus species, are becoming serious problems that limit the production of nursery seedlings. The infection of disease is greatly influenced by improper nursery practices during seedling production, location and type. Some the recorded diseases can cause losses in seedling quality and quantity which can affect plantation programs. The surveys reported here provide a foundation for understanding the status of forest nursery diseases in Ethiopia and serve as a useful reference for assessing current and future forest disease developments and management. Further study on inoculum sources and the morphological characteristics of pathogens associated with seedling diseases using molecular tools is also needed
Dietary Fiber from Mentawai Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. Mentawai) Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathy in Alloxan-Induced Mice
Full text linkDiabetic neuropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, and conventional synthetic drugs used for its management are often associated with undesirable side effects. This study evaluated the potential of Mentawai taro (Colocasia esculenta var. Mentawai) corm as a functional food for the management of diabetic neuropathy. Adult male mice were divided into five groups: a control group (healthy mice fed a standard diet), a diabetic group (alloxan-induced diabetic mice fed a standard diet), and three diabetic groups fed diets supplemented with 15% Mentawai taro corm whole flour, fiber, or starch. After 28 days of dietary intervention, blood glucose levels, sensory and motor functions, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and cerebellar histopathology were evaluated. The results showed that Mentawai taro corm fiber significantly reduced blood glucose levels (59.5% reduction), accompanied by a positive trend toward improved sensory responses (25% increase) and a marked enhancement of motor function (41.6% increase) in diabetic mice. Additionally, fiber supplementation reduced MDA levels in brain tissue (19.3% reduction) and attenuated Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum (27.3% reduction). In contrast, Mentawai taro corm whole flour and starch exerted minimal protective effects, with starch supplementation improving motor function only. Overall, among the various Mentawai taro corm preparations tested, the fiber extract was the most effective in ameliorating symptoms of diabetic neuropathy
Komposisi Kandungan Senyawa Flavor Non Volatil Selada Laut (Ulva lactuca) Segar dan Kering
No full textDrying has the potential to alter the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of food materials. This study aims to identify the composition of non-volatile flavor compounds in fresh and dried sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca). The identification of non-volatile flavor compounds was conducted using amino acid profiling through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The organoleptic characteristics, including appearance, aroma, texture, and taste of fresh and dried sea lettuce samples, were assessed through a simple descriptive test. The quantitative amino acid analysis data and the descriptive test results were analyzed using a comparative descriptive method. The findings revealed that both fresh and dried Ulva lactuca contain 17 types of amino acids, comprising 9 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids, which influence flavor characteristics. The descriptive test indicated that fresh Ulva lactuca is characterized by clean, shiny, and soft light green to dark green sheets with an elastic texture and a distinctive fresh seaweed aroma. In contrast, dried Ulva lactuca exhibited a yellowish-green color, a stiff and brittle texture, and a stronger salty taste with a slight umami sensation. These findings highlight the potential of Ulva lactuca as a versatile ingredient in food product development, particularly for enhancing flavor and nutritional value
Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Cellulolytic Bacteria in Syzygium aqueum Fruit
Full text linkSome endophytic bacteria are known to have hydrolytic activity by producing hydrolase enzymes. Endophytic bacteria can be found in plant tissue. Exploration of endophytic cellulolytic bacteria in water apple (Syzygium aqueum) fruit has not been widely carried out, so this research is the first to be conducted. This study aimed to isolate, screen, and identify endophytic bacteria from water apple fruit that could produce cellulase enzymes. The research began with bacterial isolation. Then, cellulolytic screening was carried out by inoculating the isolates into a differential medium containing cellulose, Bushnell-Haas agar (BHA). The screening results were characterized and identified through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The isolation results indicated that seven bacterial isolates were screened for cellulolytic activity by cultivating them on BHA medium. The screening revealed that one isolate encode CSZA2 had cellulolytic activity with a cellulolytic index of 0.87. Biochemical characterization and molecular identification of the CSZA2 isolate showed a 99.93% similarity to the Pseudomonas putida RTI2, a bacterium known for producing cellulase enzymes. The discovery of bacterial cellulolytic activity can be developed for biomass degradation, bioethanol production, and agricultural biotechnology
Nutritional Analysis of Different Maize Varieties and Silage Produced at Haor Area in Sylhet
Full text linkMaize and silage play a critical role in livestock nutrition, offering a cost-effective feed with a balanced nutrient profile. Improving maize and silage quality is essential for maximizing animal performance. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, fiber content, pH levels, and bacterial activity in silage made from two maize varieties—KMHB410 and HMS-PS-3355—using varying levels of molasses as an additive to improve silage quality. The study was conducted in Sylhet, Bangladesh where an absence of green grass causes the cattle to suffer from malnutrition throughout the lean season. Here silage was produced by mixing the chopped maize with 5% and 10% molasses, along with a control group. After 15 days of fermentation, the silage was assessed for dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and the presence of Lactobacillus spp. The study of Dry matter (DM) content ranged from (8.54 to 17.25) %, with HMS-PS-3355 at 17.25% and KMHB 10% molasses at 8.54% (P=0.002). Crude protein (CP) varied significantly (P=0.002), with KMHB C showing the highest value at 19.04%, while HMSC recorded 10.36%. The addition of molasses significantly reduced acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) were highest in the control silage (97×10⁶ CFU), while the 10% molasses treatment had the lowest count (38×10⁶ CFU), indicating that increased molasses concentrations reduced microbial growth. Confirmation and screening of Lactobacillus spp. in silage was carried out by culturing the microorganisms in a lactobacillus selective MRS media followed by different biochemical tests
The Effect of Growth Temperature and pH on Lipid Production of Mucor irregularis JR 1.1 for Potential Biodiesel Applications
Full text linkMucor irregularis JR 1.1 is a filamentous fungus that can produce lipids. The lipids produced by M. irregularis JR 1.1 reach 40-60%, so they can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Temperature and pH are important factors that support M. irregularis JR 1.1 lipid production. Optimum temperature and pH enhance the activity of enzymes involved in lipid production. Based on previous research, the optimization of temperature and pH in the lipid production of M. irregularis JR 1.1 has not been determined. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal temperature and pH for lipid production by M. irregularis JR 1.1. The study involved varying temperature and pH treatments using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Subsequently, lipid production was performed at the optimum temperature and pH under different incubation times. Based on the research results, the highest biomass production was observed at 35°C and pH 4, the highest lipid production was at 35°C and pH 5.5, and the highest glucose consumption rate was at a temperature of 23°C and pH 5.5. The highest lipid yield percentage was 6.2%, and the highest production rate was 0.011g/L/hour at the 96th hour of incubation. Statistical analysis showed high significance, with R² values of 95.88% for lipid production and 89.98% for biomass yield. These findings suggest that M. irregularis JR 1.1 has promising potential as a microbial lipid source for sustainable biodiesel production, particularly under optimized culture conditions