Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
Not a member yet
695 research outputs found
Sort by
Degradability of mulberry (Morus alba) and rice bran in the rumen of sheep fed different diets
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to investigate degradation of dry matter (DM) and protein of mulberry and rice bran when incubated in nylon bag in the rumen at different incubation times and different rumen environments of rumen-cannulated adult sheep. Three different rumen conditions were created by feeding the three rumen-cannulated sheep with urea-treated rice straw as basal diet and offered with three supplemental treatment diets on different source of energy and nitrogen. Mulberry, urea and rice bran were used as source of fermentable energy and protein. Treatments consisted of control diet mulberry and molasses (T0); 50% mulberry was replaced by rice bran and urea (T1); and 100% of mulberry was replaced with rice bran and urea (T2). The diets were formulated in iso protein and iso energy. Supplemental diets were offered at 1.2% BW. The study was conducted in three periods. For each period, the sheep was offered with one of three supplemental treatment diets. The nylon bags each, contains sample of either mulberrry or rice bran were incubated in the rumen of sheep at different incubation times in reverse order (48, 24, 12, 9, 6, and 3h). Degradation characteristic data were obtained by analyzing degradability data with the equation of p = a+b(1-e-ct) using Neway computer package. Data of degradation characteristic, degradability of DM and CP, DMI, rumen NH3-N and pH were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a SAS software package. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and rumen pH were not significantly different between diets. The rumen ammonia concentration of T1 and T2 was significantly higher than that of T0. However, the rumen ammonia concentration was higher than that of critical value for rumen microbial synthesis (5mg/100ml). The rate (c value) of DM degradability of mulberry and rice bran was affected by diet treaments, where T2 diet resulted in lower c of mulberry and rice bran. Only CP degradability of mulberry on the other hand was affected by diet treatments. But, both CP mulberry and rice bran had high degradability (80% after 24 hs incubation) in all diet treatments. It is concluded that the three diets of this study were capable of creating the optimum condition for rumen fermentation. Supplementation of mulberry or urea-rice bran mixture had similar effect on protein degradability of rice bran. On the other hand, the rate of protein degradability of mulberry was reduced when it was incubated in the rumen of sheep fed urea rice bran mix supplement. Key Words: Mulberry, Rice Bran, Rumen Degradability, Shee
Rate of temperature reduction at cryopreservation primordial germ cells (PGC) of three Indonesian native chicken.
Get PDFPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) are original cells of spermatogonia in the testes or oogonia in the ovary. PGCs in poultry can be harvested and stored in the liquid nitrogen and can be used for conservation as genetic materials of poultry. The objective of this study was to obtain the optimal rate of temperature reduction on PGCs quality from three different Indonesian native chicken after thawing. Fertile eggs obtained from native chicken were incubated for 56 hours to obtain embryo at stage of 14-16. PGCs were isolated from the blood using modified Nycodenz Gradient Centrifugation technique. There after they were kept in a straw and equilibrated for 15 minutes at 5oC and frozen at the rate of temperature reduction of 0.3, 0.5, and 1oC per minute using embryo freezing machine (FHK Fujihara: ET-1). After the temperature reached -30oC, then they were plunged directly into the liquid nitrogen. Recovery rate and viability of PGCs after freezing and thawing were measured. The results of this study showed that the average recovery rate of PGCs that have been frozen at rate of temperature reduction of 1, 0.5, and 0.3oC per minute were 35.6, 43.9, and 44.9% respectively. However the rate of temperature reduction of 0.5 and 0.3oC per minute did not significantly affect the recovery rate. The average percentage of viability of PGCs that were frozen at the rate of 1, 0.5 and 0.3oC per minute were respectively 62.6, 77.5, and 77.4%. It seems that the viability followed the trend of recovery rates where the 1oC per minute reduction was the lowest quality compared to the other two treatments. It is concluded that the reduction of 0.5 or 0.3oC per minute are considered as the ideal temperature reduction when native chicken PGCs are frozen. Key Words: PGCs, Native Chicken, Conservatio
The activities of antioxidant enzymes extracted from Fasciola gigantica infecting Thin Tailed and Merino sheep
Get PDFPrevious studies shown that Indonesian Thin Tailed (ITT) sheep are more resistant to Fasciola gigantica infection than Merino sheep. This difference could be mediated by intrinsic defense enzymes of the parasite. Certain enzymes are known to be crucial in parasite survival against host-derived immune responses. We measured some of them to identify if any comparative differences between the enzyme activities of the parasites from the two hosts (ITT Merino sheep) could account for the mechanisms of parasite resistance to killing by the Merino host and susceptibility to killing by the ITT host. Parasites were extracted from the liver of infected ITT and Merino sheep and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were assayed. SOD and GST levels were found to be higher in parasites isolated from Merino than those of ITT sheep (P0.05), CAT activity was not detected in any of the parasites. There was significantly higher eosinophils (P0,05) in the ITT sheep peritoneal cells. These results suggested that SOD dan GST are important molecules in determining susceptibility in Fasciola-infected Merino sheep and resistance in Fasciola-infected ITT sheep. Key Words: Fasciola Gigantica, Indonesian Thin Tailed Sheep, Merino Sheep, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST
Comparison of sequences of hypervariable region (HVR) subunit S-1 gene of field isolate I-37 infectious bronchitis virus with Connecticut serotype
Get PDFInfectious Bronchitis is a contagious and acute respiratory disease in chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).Antigenic differences in IBV are associated with changes in the sequence of the spike glycoprotein (S). The subunit S1 which demonstrates more sequence variability than S-2 have been identified as hypervariable region (HVR-1 and 2). There were several IB virus field isolates included I-37 have been identified in Indonesia by serum neutralization method. However, gene sequence variation in HVR subunit S-1 had not yet been identified. Isolate I-37 was close to the serotype Connecticut 46 (Conn 46). The aim of this study is to identify sequence variation of HVR subunit S-1 gene of isolate I-37 produced by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. Several procedures were carried out in the study including virus titration, propagation and was concentrated from the allantoic fluid infected with IBV. Then, RNA was extracted for RTPCR. urther the product was sequnced and its homology with IBV references from GenBank was compared by GenMac version 8.0. Result showed that isolate I-37 produced 515 bp of amplification product. Isolate I-37 and Conn 46 are same serotype, yet their HVR subunit S-1 nucleotides and amino acids (protein) differ by 6.9% and 15.6% respectively. It might be concluded that isolate I-37 was variant of Conn 46. Key words: Sequences variation, IBV, I-37 field isolate, HVR subunit S-1 gen
Pathogenicity of local isolate virus BHV-1 as the aetiological agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Bali Cattle
Get PDFInfectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is a disease of cattle characterised by clinical signs of the upper respiratory tract, reproductive tract and nervous system. A study to define the pathogenicity of four BHV-1 local isolates has been conducted. Fourteen Bali cattle that were free of BHV-1 has been selected and divided into four treatment groups. Each group of three was infected with virus isolate I, II, III and IV respectively with approximately a dose of 108TCID50 /10 ml and two cattle were used as control animals. Isolate I and III were originated from semen from IBR positive bulls number G 867 and G 148 respectively whereas isolate II was collected from vaginal mucosa and isolate IV was from nasal mucosa of IBR positive cattle treated with dexamethasone. Clinical response, gross-pathological and histopathological changes were observed. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the antigen in tissue section. The results show that the BHV-1 local isolates could produce IBR syndrome namely fever and changes in the respiratory and reproductive tracts even though the clinical responses seemed to be disappeared by 21 days PI. Grossly there were hyperaemic nasal and vaginal mucosa and pneumonia whereas histologically there were non suppurative rhinitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and vulvovaginitis. Immunohistochemically the antigen was detected in the nasal concha and trachea. Dexamethasone treatment at 60-64 days PI could produce less severe clinical features and the second necroppsy at 69 days PI also results in less severe pathological responses. The findings also suggest that the pathogenicity of BHV-1 local isolates were as follows: isolates I, II, IV and III. Key Words: Pathogenicity, BHV-1, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bali Cattl
Dry matter productivity of the dwarf and normal elephantgrasses as affected by the planting density and cutting frequency
Get PDFThe effects of planting density and cutting frequency on dry matter productivity were compared in two years following establishment among dwarf varieties (early-heading, DE and late-heading, DL) and normal varieties, Wruk wona (Wr) and Merkeron (Me), in the southern part of Kyushu, Japan. The planting densities examined for Wr, DE and DL were high (16 plants/m2, 25 cm × 25 cm of spacing), medium (8 plants/m2, 50 × 25 cm), and low (4 plants/m2, 50 cm × 50 cm), while for Me was only medium. The cutting frequency was three times with 60-day intervals in 2002 and two times with 90-day intervals in 2003. Irrespective of the planting densities, dwarf varieties were higher in tiller number, leaf area index and percentage of leaf blade (PLB) than those of normal varieties, but lower in plant height and total dry matter weight at all planting densities in both years. With the increase in planting density, annual herbage dry matter yield (HDMY) increased. The annual HDMY was higher in 2002 (cut twice) than that in 2003 (cut three times), and the difference in annual HDMY between the dwarf and normal varieties decreased by planting at high density and cut twice. Even though, the dry matter productivity was higher in the normal varieties than in the dwarf varieties at any planting density and cutting frequency, DL tended to show a stable productivity with high PLB irrespective of planting density and cutting frequency. Key Words: Cutting Frequency, Dry Matter Productivity, Dwarf Elephantgrass, Normal Elephantgrass and Planting Densit
Sequence variability of the β Tubulin isotype-1 genes in benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus, a nematode parasite of sheep
Get PDFResistance to benzimidazole at a population of gastrointestinal nematode, especially Haemonchus contortus is a widespread problem. Therefore, anthelmintic will not effective anymore. Benzimidazole resistance in nematode has been shown to be heritable and defined as an increase in frequency of individual worms able to drug tolerate. In Indonesia resistance to anthelmintic albendazole has been reported on sheep in district of Bogor, Kuningan, Kendal and province of Yogyakarta. Molecular mechanism of resistance to benzimidazole on nematode and fungi related to single gene which code ß tubulin. The aim of this research is to determine a genetics variability of isotype-1 ß tubulin genes from Indonesian strain of H. contortus which resistant to benzimidazole. Sequencing were carried out at a 520 bp fragment of the isotipe-1 ß tubulin gene of six H. contortus resistant strain from four sheep from SPTD Trijaya farm, district of Kuningan, West Java; UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan farm, district of Bantul, Yogyakarta respectively. One H. contortus susceptible strains as a control come from farmer from Cicurug, district of Sukabumi, West Java. Results indicated that there are genetics variability of fragment isotype-1 ß tubulin genes from H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan farm, Bantul, Yogyakarta (H1, H2, and C2). There are no genetics variability in the fragment gene of H. contortus resistant strain from SPTD Trijaya farm, Kuningan, West Java (Kn1, Kn2 and K1). Genetic variability occur between 2 isolate from different location. Key Words: Haemonchus contortus, Benzimidazole, Isotype 1 β-tubulin Gene, Sequencin
Effect of light intencity on forages and seed production of Kalopo (Calopogonium muconoides)
Get PDFKalopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) was used as cover crops in plantation. Besides, kalopo can be used as forage, esspecially in dry season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on forage and seed production. Research was conducted at Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor and Laboratory of Agrostology Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University, for 16 months. Four levels of light intensity, namely: 100%, 80%,60% and 40% were applied, leguminous species of kalopo (Calopogonium mucunoides), was used. Block Randomized Design with 3 replications was applied in this research. Data collected was analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Forage production was evaluated within one year. The forage quality and digestibility (invitro) were investigated. Seed production was accumulated as seasonal seed production during one year. The results showed that light intensity affected (P 0.05) forage and seed production, chlorophyll and total chlorophyll of kalopo, but did not affect (P 0.05) quality and digestibility of kalopo. Seed production of kalopo was affected (P 0.05) by light intensity, the highest forage and seed production of kalopo were obtained from treatment of full light intensity (100%). The seed quality of kalopo was affected by light intensity. The best seed quality of kalopo was achieved from 80% light intensity. The result shows that plots with light intensity of 100% was the best light intensity for forage and seed production of kalopo. Kalopo could grow well in the plots up to 80% light intensity. Key Words: Light Intensity, Forage, Seed, Kalop
Effectivity of various concentration of lactose in Tris extender on liquid semen viability of Saanen bucks
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to determine the best concentration of lactose in Tris extender in maintaining liquid semen viability of Saanen bucks stored at 5°C. Four heads of Saanen bucks of 2-4 years old were used as semen source. Semen was collected once a week using an artificial vagina. Variance analysis was conducted based on completely randomized design with three treatments, i.e 30, 60, and 90 mM lactose (L30, L68 and L90). Duncan test was used to observe the different between treatment. Results indicated that the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosomal cap of liquid semen in treatment L30 (70.83; 78.20; 79.56 and 81.20% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than treatment L60 (67.08; 73.73; 75.01 and 76.87% respectively) and treatment L90 (61.50; 71.88; 69.08 and 71.33% respectively). After storage for 48 hours at 5°C apparently the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in treatment L30 were significantly higher (P0.05) than those of in treatment L60 and L90. Decreasing percentage of motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosomal cap during storage at 50C from 0 until 48 hour in treatment L30 (42.83; 19.75; 40.84 and 39.00% respectively) were significantly lower (P0.05) than those of in treatment L60 (55.41; 23.06; 50.14; and 50.90% respectively) and treatment L90 (54.83; 29.93; 50.14 and 50.97% respectively). It was concluded that supplementation 30 mM lactose in Tris extender could maintain liquid semen viability in Saanen bucks. Key words: Saanen bucks, lactose, liquid seme
The pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida local isolates in mice and chicken
Get PDFAvian cholera or fowl cholera is a bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida strain of serogroup A, has been recognized as important disease in domestic poultry such as ducks and chicken. P. multocida strains derived from overseas and local isolates are stored as freeze dried and kept at the Research hlstitute for Veterinary Science (BALITVET) culture collection (BCC). Some of those bacteria are still alive and can be used as vaccine candidates. Each strain or isolate was activated in brain heart infusion broth containing foetal calf serum and incubated at 37°C then it was identitied by biochemical reactions. Field surveys Were conducted in Central Java and South Kalimantan to observe fowl cholera problems and sample collections for isolation of pathogens. Of the 14 of Pasteurella multocida strains or isolates from BCC, II strains (9 imported 2 local isolates) were still alive. In addition to this 2 isolates trom chicken and duck were viable. Seven out of 9 imported strains killed mice within 3 x 24 hours, similarly for the local isolates (BCC 299, 2331, DYI, DY2, 12TG, 15TG). However, the only BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates were able to kill two week old chicken witIlin 6 x 24 hours post inoculation. From this experiment indicated that the P. multocida local isolates (BCC 2,331 and DY2) are more pathogenic than that of imported strains. Two strains of imported P. multocida BCC 2331, 1362 and 6 local isolates (BCC 299, 2331, DYI, DY2, 12TG and 15TG would be selected for mono- and polyvalent vaccine candidates in the following experiments and the highly patogenic BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates would be used to challenge the vaccinated animals. Key words: Pasteurella multocida local isolate, pathogenicity, vaccine against fowl cholera candidat