Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Follicular dynamic and repeatability of follicular wave development in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle
Get PDFSuperovulation treatment on PO cattle (Bos indicus) was less responsive compared to Bos taurus breed. It might due to the difference of their follicular dynamic. This study was conducted to investigate the follicular dynamics and its repeatability in PO cattle. Follicular dynamics observations conducted on 9 cows trough ultrasound scanning every day. Observations of wave patterns repeatability were performed in 6 cows which its wave pattern already known on the next consecutive IOI. Research result indicated that PO cattle had 3 (66%) and 4-waves (34%) pattern. The first wave of 3 and 4-waves pattern emerged on day -0.4+0.9 and 1.4+1.1 respectively. The second wave of 3 and 4-wave pattern emerged on day 9.8+1.5 and 7.4+1.9 respectively. The pattern of 3 waves has a longer follicle dominant duration (11.6+1.5 day) in the first wave of estrous cycle, compared with 4 waves pattern (10+2.92 and 7+1.00 day respectively). The growth rate of dominant follicle was not different significantly between the 3 and 4-waves pattern (0.87+0.23 and 0.94+0.25 mm/day respectively). Similarly, ovulatory follicle diameter between 3 and 4-waves pattern was also not different significantly (12.24+12.34 and 12.30+12.23 mm respectively). Observation of wave patterns repeatability in 6 PO cows indicated that PO cattle had high repeatability in follicular wave pattern (0.88) and the number of growing follicle was 0.91. This study resulted data for dynamic of follicular development, wave pattern, its repeatability which be expected to design the protocol of superovulation treatment or other reproduction technologies based on follicular dynamic to improve its result in PO cattle.
Relationship of extender and packaging system an the length of preservation and the quality of chilled semen of Boer goat
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of different extender (either Triladyl or Tris Egg Yolk extender) and different packaging method (pool and straw) of chilled semen an the length of preservation and the quality of chilled semen of Boer goat. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina from 3 two years old Boer bucks with body weight of 50-55 kg. It was evaluated under a microscope, then each was diluted either in Tris egg yolk extender (TEY) or Triladyl. Those diluted sperms were then packed either in pool or straw and preserved at 5⁰C refrigerator. Sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity of each group were evaluated every 24 h for up to 5 days. Results showed that sperm motility in Triladyl of pool packaging system up to 3 days was higher than straw packaging system or TEY in pool or straw packaging system which were 45.8%, 26.1%, 32.1% and 9.1%, respectively (P0.05). Percentage of sperm membrane integrity showed the same pattern to Triladyl both in pool and straw packaging system which was higher than TEY group (75.2% and 77,2%; P0.05). Sperm viability in Triladyl both in pool or straw packaging system decreased (P0.05) after 3 days of preservation (77.1% and 76.2%) but TEY significanly decreased after 4 days of preservation either in pool or straw packaging system (73.2% and 58.0%; P0.05). It was concluded that sperm quality decreased with increasing of the length of preservation while Triladyl extender in pool packaging system showed the best quality.Key Words: Chilled Semen, Boer, Triladyl, Tris Egg Yolk, Stra
Effectivity of PCR and AGID methods to detect of enzootic bovine leukosis in Indonesia
Get PDFEnzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) is one of viral diseases in cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), from Retroviridae. The virus can be detected using severals methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), while antibody can be detected using Agar Gel Immunodifussion (AGID). The aim of this experiment was to study the effectivity of PCR and AGID methods to detect enzootic bovine leukosis virus in Indonesia. Samples of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) were collected from cattles those with and without showing clinical signs. A total of 307 blood and serum samples were tested against BLV using PCR and AGID tests, while 21 semen samples which were from similar animals for blood collection were collected only for PCR test. The results indicated that twelve cattles have positive results with PCR test in PBL, but from those cattles only seven were positive with AGID. On the other hand, the PCR did not detect EBL in 21 bovine semen samples tested, although one sample gave positive result with PCR in PBL. This results indicated that PCR method from blood samples was more sensitive than that AGID method. The PCR detection was also more sensitive for PBL than that for semen samples
Administration of extract Salix tetrasperma combined with extract of turmeric and neem to improve eggs quality of chicken reared under heat stress
Get PDFQuality of eggs might decrease when hens under heat stress. A further study found that a specific plant extracts could reduce the impacts of heat stress. The aim of this study was to determine effects of Salix tetrasperma plant extract in combination with extract of turmeric and neem to improve egg quality and productivity of laying hens under heat stress. Sixty laying hens strain Isa Brown of 6 months old were used and reared in individual cages. The feed and drinking water were supplied ad libitum. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (two controls and three treatments) and each treatment consisted of 12 replication. Treatment consisted of with (KP) and without (KP) commercial anti-stress supplement. Formulations of extract were S. tetrasperma 1.000 mg / l water (EJ), S. tetrasperma 1.000 mg / l + Turmeric 250 mg / l + neem 250 mg / l (EJ+K1), and S. tetrasperma 1.000 mg / l + Turmeric 500 mg / l + neem 500 mg / l drinking water (EJ+K2). The hens were exposed to heat stress for 5 hours per day at a temperature range of 34.0±1.0°C. Supplements were dissolved in drinking water and were given for 30 days in the morning and noon. Results showed that a single extract of S. tetrasperma or the combination of an extract of turmeric and neem were significantly increased thickness of eggshell (P0.05), but did not affect color of egg yolk, height albumin, egg weight, and HU value. Extract of S. tetrasperma combined with turmeric and neem extract dissolved in drinking water for 30 days in laying hens reared under heat stress could not improved quality of the eggs, but may increase thickness of the egg shell and cause decreased water consumption
Supplementation of calcium-fatty acid to lactating cow to increase milk production and performance of dairy cow
Get PDFOne of energy sources for feeding dairy cow is fat or oil, however, inclusion of fat or fatty acid at high level (5% in the diet) may cause negative effect on rumen fermentation. Fat or fatty acid, therefore should be protected from its degradation in the rumen. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate protected product of palm oil fatty acid (Calcium fatty acid) made in the institute as feed supplement given on top of the ration. The first experiment was in vitro experiment using rumen liquor. Feed without and with Calcium fatty acid (Ca-FA) was incubated in buffer-rumen liquor and pH, total gas, ammonia and in vitro digetibility were measured. The second experiment was feeding trial with two treatments using 12 FH dairy cow divided into 2 groups with diet containing supplemntation 300 g of Ca-FA and other group is control treatment without supplementation. The feed was total mixed ration, comprises of elephant grass, ground corn, soybean meal, wheat pollard and coconut meal with protein content 15.1% and Net Energy for Lactation 1.53 Mcal/kg.. Feed was given to cow one month before parturition until 120 days of lactation period. Milk production was recorded daily. Faeces collection was done at the end of the experiments for 1 week to calculate total tract digestibility. The result of the in vitro experiment showed that no negative effect on in vitro rumen fermentation except higher digestibility (DMD Ca-FA addition vs control were 58.52% vs 53.99%) occurred due to addition of Ca-FA. The addition of Ca-FA increased milk production (11.41 vs 10.74 litre/day), but no effect on intake, total tract digestibility and milk quality, higher body weight of cow than control cow showing the benefit of using Ca-FA in the diet of dairy cow. In conclusion supplementation of Ca-FA at 300 g would be beneficial to increase milk production without negative impact
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase1 gene polymorphism and its association with milk fatty acid components in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Get PDFDiacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is one of the major genes that has an important role in milk fat synthesis. This research was aimed at to identifying genetic polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene by PCR-RFLP method and its association to milk fatty acid components. Animals studied were Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle from BBPTU Baturraden (123 cows) and BPPT SP Cikole (36 cows). The length of PCR product of the DGAT1gene was 411 bp. Genotyping resulted in two types of alleles, namely K (411 bp) and A (203 and 208 bp); and two genotypes, namely KK (411 bp) and AK (203, 208 and 411 bp). For both locations, genotype frequency of AK (0.75) was higher than KK (0.25). The allele frequency of K (0.64) was higher than A (0.36). Heterozygosity of HF cattles at both locations was relatively high (HoHe). The DGAT1 gene of the observed HF cattle was polymorphic. Result showed that there was an association between the DGAT1 polymorphism with unsaturated fatty acids especially in nervonat acid. The AK cows had a significant effect on unsaturated fatty acid content of which having a higher nervonat content (0.05%) (P0.05) than that of the KK cows (0.03%). From the results, it is concluded that the DGAT1 gene can be functioned as a marker of selection for milk fatty acids
Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits of three different indigenous cattle populations from North East states of India
Get PDFIn the present study an attempt has been made to differentiate three cattle populations of North East states of India i.e. Tripura, Mizoram and Manipur based on morphometric traits, using canonical discriminant analysis to see whether they are similar or distinct. Data consisted of eight different morphometric traits of 383 indigenous cows from Tripura (136), Mizoram (71) and Manipur (176). Morphometric traits included body length, height at withers, heart girth, paunch girth, face length, ear length, horn length and tail length without switch. All the morphometric traits under study differ significantly in these populations except horn length. All the traits, values were lower in Tripura cows than that of Mizoram and Manipur cows. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that height at withers, body length, ear length, tail length without switch, paunch girth and face length were the most discriminating traits in these three cattle populations. The pair wise Mahalanobis distances between Tripura and Mizoram, Tripura and Manipur and Mizoram and Manipur were 9.72578, 5.72089 and 4.65239, respectively, and significant. The dendogram showed that there are two clusters; cluster one includes Manipur and Mizoram cows and cluster two Tripura cows those are clearly separated from cluster one. The Individual assignment of different cattle populations by the cross-validation classification revealed 84.13% of Tripura cows, 82.09% of Mizoram cows and 79.87% Manipur cows were assigned correctly into their respective population. Based on the present study we cannot conclude that they are three different distinct breeds. However, the present information on the three cattle populations could therefore be exploited in designing appropriate strategies for their management and conservation
Effect of Sapindus rarak powder as feed additive on performance and lipid profile of broiler chicken infected by Eimeria tenella
Get PDFSapindus rarak fruits have bioactive compound named saponin which are potential to inhibit growth of protozoa and reduce cholesterol. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of lerak (Sapindus rarak) powder as microparticle on performance and lipid profile of chicken broiler that was infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of150headsof DOCwere assign to recive on of5 treatments: T1 (K+, TAk, TSRa, TIE), T2 (K-, TAk, TSRa, IE), T3 (Sal, IE), T4 (Sra 2,5, IE), and T5 (Sra 1,25, IE); each treatment consisted of 6replications with 5birds per replications in battery cage for 34 days. All chickens except those in control positive treatment (non-infected, non-medicated) were inoculated orally with 6000 oocysts E. tenella on the 14th day of age. Variables measured were body weight gain, carcass, OPG (oocysts pergram of faeces), lipid profile, and mortality. Treatment with S. rarak, dose of 1.25g/kg was not significantly different from the salinomycin treatment on BWG and feed conversion. Percentage of carcassand organs and blood cholesterol concentration were not significantly differentin all treatments, but blood triglyceride at S. rarak addition with doseof 2.5, 1.25g/kg and salinomycin addition with dose of 0.5g/kg, and negative control were lower than positive control. While number of OPG in faeces (days 14-34) showed that S. rarak powder with dose of 2.5 and 1.25g/kg suppressed the development of oocystsof E. tenella. In conclusion, S. rarak microparticle (75µm) can be used as feed additive to replace salinomycinas coccidiostat
Isolation and identification of indigenous lactic acid bacteria from North Sumatra river buffalo milk
Get PDFBuffalo milk is a source of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which is potential as culture starter as well as the probiotic. This study was conducted to isolate and identify LAB from indigenous North Sumatra river buffalo milk. Lactic acid bacteria was isolated and grown in medium De Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA). The isolation was conducted to obtain pure isolate. The identification of LAB was studied in terms of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and survival on low pH. Morphology tests were conducted by Gram staining and cell forming; physiology tests were conducted for growing viability at pH 4.5 and temperature at 45oC; whereas biochemistry tests were conducted for CO2, dextran and NH3 productions. Determination of LAB species was conducted using Analytical Profile Index (API) test CHL 50. Results of identification showed that 41 isolates were identified as LAB with Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod and round shaped characteristics. Resistance test done to low pH (pH 2) for the lactic acid bacteria showed decrease of bacteria viability up to1.24±0.68 log cfu/ml. The resistant isolates at low pH were L12, L16, L17, L19, L20, M10, P8, S3, S19 and S20. Identification with API test CHL 50 for 10 isolates showed that four isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. pentosus and Lactococuslactis
Heritability estimation and non-genetic factors affecting production traits of Indonesian Ongole cross
Get PDFProductivity data from 560 head of PO cattle have been collected for 9 years from 2004 until 2013 for evaluating heritability estimation and environmental factors affecting production traits of Indonesian Ongole cross from birth to yearling old. Heritability estimation were analyzed using varians analysis with data of paternal halfsib correlation. Varians component for to estimate of heritability value were analyzed using completely randomized design one - way classification. While a general linear model was used to analyze the environmental factors (sex, year, parity, season and type of births). The results showed that sex of calves and year of births had significant differences (P0.05) for all production traits such as weight at birth, weaning and yearling, while the type of birth only presented a significant difference on birth weight. Parity, season and generation exhibited nonsignificantly effect on those production traits. Estimation of heritability on birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight were 0.28+0.12; 0.47+0.15 and 0.63+0.17 respectively. The highest heritability values obtained in yearling weight, this means that yearling weight will be effective as selection criteria to improve the genetic of PO cattle