324139 research outputs found
Sort by
Word Structure Of Negative Prefixes In The “Wrecker” Novel
Get PDFNegation is an essential aspect of communication. In English, one common morphological strategy to express negation is by attaching negative prefixes to base forms. This study analyses the morphological structure of words containing negative prefixes found in the Wrecker novel (Hiaasen 2023), based on the framework proposed by Plag (2023). In the novel, we identified a total of 89 unique words containing negative prefixes; words with the prefix un- is the most prevalent. The classification of these words reveals two distinct structural patterns (that are represented as tree diagram). The first pattern consists of a root word combined with a negative prefix, negating its meaning without altering its grammatical category. The second pattern involves more complex words, where two to three morphemes are used along with a suffix, modifying both the meaning and the word class. The findings contributed to enhance understanding of morphological patterns in literary texts, encouraging future studies to broaden the scope by analyzing additional works across various genres and authors to determine whether similar structures might persist or vary in different contexts
Perioperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy and Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Scoping Review
Get PDFGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are emerging as a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The perioperative implications of GLP-1RAs in orthopaedic surgery are a growing area of interest; however, their effects in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery remain uncertain. This scoping review aims to map the available evidence on the use of GLP-1RAs in adults undergoing foot and/or ankle surgical procedures. We aim to examine the impact of perioperative GLP-1RA use on postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing foot and/or ankle surgery. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2000 to July 2025. We included English-language full-text studies reporting on adult patients receiving GLP-1RAs who underwent foot and/or ankle surgery. Primary outcomes were bone union and early hardware removal after ankle fracture fixation. Secondary outcomes included infection, wound complications, reoperation, and post-traumatic arthritis. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews. A total of 102 records were identified, of which 88 remained after duplicate removal and underwent title and abstract screening. Three articles proceeded to full-text review; one was excluded because it investigated semaglutide in patients with chronic ankle instability without surgical intervention. Two retrospective, propensity-matched cohort studies using the TriNetX federated database met the inclusion criteria. Adults with diabetes undergoing tibiotalar, subtalar, or triple arthrodesis were evaluated and a lower overall rate of postoperative pseudarthrosis was reported among GLP-1RA users compared with matched controls (15.9% vs 20.2%; p = 0.0129). Subgroup analyses showed lower pseudarthrosis rates after subtalar fusion and triple arthrodesis in GLP-1RA users, with no significant difference after isolated tibiotalar fusion. Adults undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures were examined, and patients not receiving GLP-1RAs had a significantly higher 30-day hardware removal rate compared with GLP-1RA users (odds ratio 1.953; 95% confidence interval 1.062-3.591; p = 0.028). Neither study demonstrated an increased risk of postoperative infection or long-term complications in GLP-1RA users. Current literature suggests that perioperative GLP-1RA use is associated with lower rates of pseudarthrosis after hindfoot arthrodesis and a reduced need for early hardware removal after ankle fracture fixation, without an apparent increase in postoperative infection or long-term complications. However, the evidence is limited, heterogeneous, and based solely on two retrospective database analyses with incomplete perioperative detail and potential residual confounding. This scoping review highlights a substantial gap in the literature regarding the use of GLP-1RAs in foot and ankle surgery and underscores the need for robust prospective studies to clarify the perioperative safety and efficacy of GLP-1RAs in adults undergoing foot and ankle surgery
A Search for Millimeter-bright Blazars as Astrophysical Neutrino Sources
Get PDFThe powerful jets of blazars have been historically considered as likely sites of high-energy cosmic-ray acceleration. However, the particulars of the launched jet and the locations of leptonic and hadronic jet loading remain unclear. In the case when leptonic and hadronic particle injection occur jointly, a temporal correlation between synchrotron radiation and neutrino production is expected. We use a first catalog of millimeter wavelength (95–225 GHz) blazar light curves from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope for a time-dependent correlation with 12 yr of muon neutrino events from the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory. Such millimeter emission traces activity of the bright jet base, which is often self-absorbed at lower frequencies and potentially gamma-ray opaque. We perform an analysis of the population, as well as analyses of individual, selected sources. We do not observe a significant signal from the stacked population. TXS 0506+056 is found as the most significant, individual source, though this detection is not globally significant in our analysis of selected active galactic nuclei. Our results suggest that the majority of millimeter-bright blazars are neutrino dim. In general, it is possible that many blazars have lighter, leptonic jets, or that only selected blazars provide exceptional conditions for neutrino production
Neuroimaging of acute myocardial injury in stroke: insights into brain lesion locations and network disconnections
Get PDFIntroduction: Acute myocardial injury (AMI) is frequently observed in patients with acute stroke and may be linked to lesion location within the central autonomic network (CAN). However, neuroimaging findings remain inconsistent, and the neuroanatomical basis remains unclear. We investigated associations between lesion location, structural disconnection, and AMI in acute stroke. Methods: In this single-center cohort, patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were screened for AMI using serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) measurements within 48 h of admission. AMI was defined as hs-cTnI levels exceeding the 99th percentile of the reference limit with >20% dynamic change. Stroke lesions were segmented using Brainomix software and overlaid on a diffusion tensor imaging template to generate indirect structural disconnection maps. A voxel-based multivariate method (Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis) identified associations between AMI and (a) directly damaged areas and (b) disconnected regions. Results: Among 281 patients (mean age 71.4 ± 12.3 years), 59 (21%) developed AMI. AMI was associated with lesions in the left insula, basal ganglia, and adjacent white matter, as well as with widespread structural disconnection involving CAN regions. It was also significantly associated with older age, female sex, and higher NIHSS scores, but not with atrial fibrillation, diabetes, or hypertension. Conclusion: In this cohort, AMI affected 21% of stroke patients and was significantly associated with specific lesion locations and widespread structural disconnection, including regions implicated in autonomic regulation, but not with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. These findings support the hypothesis that stroke-induced autonomic dysregulation may contribute to AMI development
Tensor network methods for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation on fine grids
Get PDFThe Gross–Pitaevskii equation and its generalisations to dissipative and dipolar gases have been very useful in describing dynamics of cold atomic gases, as well as polaritons and other nonlinear systems. For some of these applications the numerically accessible grid spacing can become a limiting factor, especially in describing turbulent dynamics and short-range effects of dipole-dipole interactions. We explore the application of tensor networks to these systems, where (in analogy to related work in fluid and plasma dynamics), they allow for physically motivated data compression that makes simulations possible on large spatial grids which would be unfeasible with direct numerical simulations. Analysing different non-equilibrium cases involving vortex formation, we find that these methods are particularly efficient, especially in combination with a matrix product operator representation of the quantum Fourier transform, which enables a spectral approach to calculation of both equilibrium states and time-dependent dynamics. The efficiency of these methods has interesting physical implications for the structure in the states that are generated by these dynamics, and provides a path to describe cold gas experiments that are challenging for existing methods
Graph coloring via quantum optimization on a Rydberg-qudit atom array
Get PDFNeutral atom arrays have emerged as a versatile candidate for the embedding of hard classical optimization problems. Prior work has focused on mapping problems onto finding the maximum independent set of weighted or unweighted unit disk graphs. In this paper we introduce a new approach to solving natively-embedded vertex graph coloring problems by performing coherent annealing with Rydberg-qudit atoms, where different same-parity Rydberg levels represent a distinct label or color. We demonstrate the ability to robustly find optimal graph colorings for chromatic numbers up to the number of distinct Rydberg states used, in our case k = 3. We analyze the impact of both the long-range potential tails and residual inter-state interactions, proposing encoding strategies that suppress errors in the resulting ground states. We discuss the experimental feasibility of this approach and propose extensions to solve higher chromatic number problems, providing a route towards direct solution of a wide range of real-world integer optimization problems using near-term neutral atom hardware
Diagnostic x-ray source using electrons produced by a 100 J-class picosecond laser *
Get PDFMany laser-based high-energy-density science (HEDS) facilities have one or more short-pulse (sub- to few-picosecond) laser beams for diagnostics. For the past decade, we have been developing a novel x-ray probing capability using such picosecond lasers interacting with an underdense plasma to produce relativistic electrons. The ultimate goal of these experiments is to demonstrate a new type of x-ray backlighter using the short-pulse ARC laser at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Before this diagnostic is fielded at the NIF, it is critical to demonstrate the viability and reproducibility of the x-ray source on comparable high-power short-pulse laser systems. We present experiments that were carried out with the OMEGA EP laser at the University of Rochester’s laboratory for laser energetics. In these experiments, high-energy electrons are produced through a combination of the self-modulation instability and direct laser acceleration in an underdense gas jet. These electrons generate directional x-rays with characteristic energies up to several tens of keV as they execute betatron motion in the ion channel, and the inverse Compton scattering process generates even harder x-rays, with characteristic photon energies of 60–240 keV. When implemented on the OMEGA EP laser(s), this x-ray source yields results that are comparable to those obtained recently on the short-pulse Titan laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, after accounting for differences in laser energy, peak intensity, focusing f/#, and plasma source. Applications of such an x-ray source for HEDS experiments are discussed
Structural basis for carbohydrate recognition by the Gal/GalNAc lectin of Entamoeba histolytica involved in host cell adhesion
Get PDFIntestinal amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, one of the deadliest human-infective parasites. Central to its pathogenicity is its binding to mucosal carbohydrates, which precedes tissue damage by trogocytosis. Carbohydrate binding is mediated by a single adhesin, the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) lectin, which is the leading vaccine candidate for amoebiasis. We present the structure of the native heterodimeric lectin, revealing an ordered core containing the light chain and the N-terminal region of the heavy chain. Structures obtained in the presence of ligand show that the Gal/GalNAc binding site is in the light chain, which adopts a β-trefoil fold found in other lectins. An elongated arm emerges from the heavy chain, which adopts multiple positions and may be modulated by sugar binding. This study reveals the molecular basis for sugar binding by the Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin, a prerequisite for parasite invasion and development of intestinal disease
Measurements of differential cross-sections of WbWb production in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector
Get PDFAt the Large Hadron Collider, the WbWb final state is expected to be dominated by tt¯ production with a contribution from single-top processes. Differential cross-sections for WbWb production in the dilepton decay channel are measured at the particle level as a function of various kinematic variables. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider over the period from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. Measurements are performed within the fiducial phase-space defined by the presence of two b-jets and one electron and one muon of opposite charges. The differential cross-sections are corrected for detector effects and unfolded to the particle level. Results are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo event generators at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics; overall the measurements are in reasonable agreement with several generator setups, although no single prediction is able to describe all measured distributions simultaneously. These measurements provide valuable constraints on the modelling of WbWb production and the interference between doubly resonant and singly resonant WbWb production
Measurement of CP asymmetry in D 0 → K S 0 K S 0 decays with Run 3 data
Get PDFA measurement of CP asymmetry in D0→KS0KS0 decays is reported, based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector in 2024 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.2 fb−1. The D0→KS0π+π− decay is used as calibration channel to cancel residual detection and production asymmetries. The time-integrated CP asymmetry for the D0→KS0KS0 mode is measured to beACPD0→KS0KS0=1.86±1.04±0.41%, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. This measurement represents the most precise single-experiment determination of this quantity to date