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Sensitivity of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment to neutrino oscillation parameters using accelerator neutrinos
No full textThis paper presents the expected sensitivity to the neutrino oscillation
parameters of the Hyper-Kamiokande long-baseline program. The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, currently under construction in Japan, will measure the oscillations of accelerator-produced neutrinos with thousands of selected events per sample: this corresponds to an increase of statistics of a factor 25–100 with respect to recent results from the currently-running long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan, T2K. In the most favorable scenario we will achieve the discovery of Charge-Parity (CP) violation in neutrino oscillation at 5σ C.L. in less than 3 years. With 10 years of data-taking, and assuming a neutrino : antineutrino beam running ratio of 1:3, a CP violation discovery at 5σ C.L. is possible for more than 60% of the actual values of the CP-violating phase, δCP. Moreover, we will measure δCP with a precision ranging from 20∘, in the case of maximal CP violation, to 6∘, in the case of CP conservation. We aim to achieve a 0.5% resolution on the Δm322 parameter, and a resolution between 3% and 0.5% on the sin2θ23 parameter, depending on its true value. These results are obtained by extending the analysis methods of T2K with dedicated tuning to take into account the Hyper-Kamiokande design: the larger far detector, the more powerful beam, the upgraded near detector ND280, and the planned additional Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector
A Python client for the ATLAS API
No full textThe Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) is an all-sky optical sky survey with a cadence of 24 to 48 hours (Tonry et al., 2018), and the ATLAS Transient Server (Smith et al., 2020) processes the alert stream to enable the discovery and follow-up of extra-galactic transients. The data from the ATLAS server can be accessed through a REST API, which has allowed the development of bots that need direct access to the data to help rank alerts and trigger follow-up observations of promising targets. Here we present the Python client we have developed for the ATLAS API to help connect bots and scientists to our data
Experiences of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Autistic Adolescents: Preliminary Findings
No full textPsychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are under-researched in autistic individuals. We explored the experience of trauma and PTSD symptoms in a sample of autistic adolescents (n = 30) aged 10–16 years (without a maltreatment history; 47% female), compared to a group of typically-developing (TD; n = 29) and a group of (non-autistic) maltreatment-exposed adolescents (n = 28), matched on key demographics. Caregiver reports indicated that a wide range of events were deemed traumatic to autistic adolescents, including those not meeting DSM-5’s Criterion A for trauma for a PTSD diagnosis (e.g., bullying and bereavement). Caregiver- and self-reports converged to show more severe PTSD symptoms, and higher rates of probable PTSD, in autistic adolescents (43–57%) relative to the TD adolescents (7–32%). Symptom severity and rates of probable PTSD were comparable between the autistic and maltreatment-exposed adolescents (50–54%), except that, for autistic adolescents, the index trauma mostly did not match DSM-5 criteria, whereas it did for maltreatment-exposed adolescents. This short report’s early findings supports the need for improved assessment of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in autistic adolescents. A flexible approach to how trauma is defined in this population may be needed, considering subjective experiences and autism-related processing differences
Higher intake of dietary dicarbonyl compounds is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study
No full textPurpose: Dicarbonyls are reactive precursors of advanced glycation end-products. They are formed during food processing, and endogenously in humans during glycolysis and lipid peroxidation. Higher plasma dicarbonyls, particularly methylglyoxal (MGO), promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but the association between dietary dicarbonyls intake and type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study examined the associations between dietary dicarbonyls and type 2 diabetes incidence. Methods: 11,995 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a sub-cohort of 15,797 controls from the prospective multi-center European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct cohort were included. Intakes of three major dicarbonyls MGO, glyoxal [GO], and 3-deoxyglucosone [3-DG] were estimated at baseline using dietary questionnaires. Type 2 diabetes risk according to dietary dicarbonyl intake was estimated by multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios from Prentice-weighted Cox-regression analyses. Results: Higher intakes of MGO (sample-specific mean intake 3.4 ± 1.3 mg/d) and 3-DG (13.8 ± 10.5) were associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.92 [95% CI 0.90–0.95] for 1 SD higher MGO intake and 0.93 [0.90–0.95] for 1 SD higher 3-DG intake). No associations were observed for dietary GO. Conclusion: Participants who consumed more dietary dicarbonyls MGO and 3-DG had a lower risk to develop type 2 diabetes. This protective association contrasts with the harmful effects on type 2 diabetes risk reported for endogenously formed dicarbonyls
Patriarchal forestalling - the anticipatory structure of legal failure on violence against women
No full textThis article introduces the concept of patriarchal forestalling to explain why formally rights-protective systems frequently deliver recognition without remedy in cases of domestic abuse. Forestalling denotes an anticipatory repertoire through which legal and paralegal institutions diffuse and neutralise claims via five recurrent dynamics: normative socialisation, relational surveillance, pre-emptive discrediting, institutional redirection and procedural dereliction. Drawing on British Academy-funded qualitative research conducted across Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, the article demonstrates how these mechanisms sustain the appearance of responsiveness whilst withholding meaningful protection. Addressed to a general legal readership, the article makes two principal contributions. Conceptually, it shifts the analysis from doctrinal design to the broader institutional ecology within which rights are operationalised. Methodologically, it provides a vocabulary for identifying when practice reconstitutes rights as matters of discretion. Although grounded in the Indian context, the framework travels beyond it, offering insight into how liberal legal orders may affirm rights at the level of principle while remaining structurally configured to forestall gender-equalising change
Evidence for Neutrino Emission from X-Ray-bright Active Galactic Nuclei with IceCube
No full textRecently, IceCube reported neutrino emission from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. Using 13.1 yr of IceCube data, we present a follow-up search for neutrino sources in the northern sky. NGC 1068 remains the most significant neutrino source among 110 preselected gamma-ray emitters while also being spatially compatible with the most significant location in the northern sky. Its energy spectrum is characterized by an unbroken power-law with spectral index γ = 3.4 ± 0.2. Consistent with previous results, the observed neutrino flux exceeds its gamma-ray counterpart by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Motivated by this disparity and the high X-ray luminosity of the source, we selected 47 X-ray-bright Seyfert galaxies from the Swift/BAT spectroscopic survey that were not included in the list of gamma-ray emitters. When testing this collection for neutrino emission, we observe a 3.3σ excess from an ensemble of 11 sources, with NGC 1068 excluded from the sample. Our results strengthen the evidence that X-ray-bright cores of active galactic nuclei are neutrino emitters
Rewriting Englishness: novelistic transformations of an identity
No full textThe reciprocity between literary innovation and the idea of English identity has so far been vastly underestimated. Histories of ideas over-emphasise the extractable content of a literary work’s articulations of Englishness and inadequately read for form. Symptomatic approaches subordinate literary works to abstract discussions of wider ideological systems. Cosmopolitan analyses neglect the interest of formally unconventional writing in cultural and local belonging. This thesis therefore refocuses attention on how innovative writers at once rewrite Englishness and the novel form. The first chapter examines how Joseph Conrad’s literary experiments with point of view open up an epistemological examination of identity. Staging the distorted perspectives of romantic Englishmen, his novels explore how individuals and novels use the language of Englishness to construct illusive and dangerously fixed kinds of narrative and moral order. The second chapter considers how Virginia Woolf disperses the totalising, masculine perspectives of contemporaneous Englishness and English novel-writing. As the nation faced extinction at the outbreak of the Second World War, however, her late fiction also increasingly incorporates self-criticism, scrutinising the emotional pull of Englishness. The third chapter re-reads V.S. Naipaul’s belated mimicry as an innovative, auto-fictional exploration of his disorientating colonial fantasy of English identity and literature. He thereby develops a different, recursively self-critical way of thinking and writing to the impossibly settled imperial worldview he once idealised. The fourth chapter recovers the formal inventiveness of Kazuo Ishiguro’s staging of stereotypically exaggerated cultural identities and familiar genres of novel-writing. His oeuvre illuminates and ironises how individuals and novels use already given ideas of Englishness and already given forms of writing to find unoriginal and unsatisfying kinds of closure. Read together, these writers simultaneously expand, unsettle and rewrite the kinds of knowledge and self-knowledge involved in articulations of Englishness, thereby reconnecting their readers to the lived complexities of collective life
Adolescent life satisfaction and social media use: gender differences in an international dataset: World Happiness Report 2026: Chapter 5
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High-risk molecular features may eclipse genomic complexity in predicting chronic lymphocytic leukemia outcomes; UK clinical trial insights
No full textHigh genomic complexity (HGC) is linked to poor prognosis in CLL, but its independent prognostic value remains uncertain amid emerging biomarkers. We analysed copy number alterations (CNA) in 495 untreated patients from (immuno)chemotherapy trials (CLL4, ADMIRE, ARCTIC), incorporating IGHV status, telomere length (TL), targeted sequencing and DNA-methylation subtypes. Patients harboured low (LGC, ≤2 CNAs; n = 334), intermediate (IGC, 3-4 CNAs; n = 97), or high (HGC, ≥5 CNAs; n = 64) genomic complexity. HGC associated with U-CLL (81%, p < 0.001), TP53-aberration (36%, p < 0.001), short TL (TL-S; 61%, p < 0.05), del13q (50%, p < 0.001) and del11q (22%, p < 0.05). IGC was enriched for biallelic ATM disruption and BIRC3 deletions (p < 0.001). Trisomy 12 and NOTCH1 mutations were enriched in LGC (p < 0.001). HGC associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival in univariate models but only remained independent for OS in CLL4 (HR = 1.61, p = 0.02). Independent prognostic factors included TP53 aberration, U-CLL, TL-S and n-CLL. Of 64 HGC patients, 23 had TP53-aberration; 92% of TP53 wild-type cases had other high-risk features (TL-S, U-CLL, or n-CLL). HGC may reflect a convergence of high-risk features rather than represent an independent biomarker. The interplay of telomere attrition, IGHV status and DNA methylation subtype necessitates further validation in targeted therapy cohorts to enhance risk assessment in prognostic models