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The internationalization of science parks in China from a realist international relations perspective
Get PDFScience parks have been an integral component of the open national innovation system (ONIS). However, science park internationalization as an important yet neglected mechanism of international innovation cooperation is poorly understood. There has been limited understanding of the political dynamics in the international system that affect the nature and process of ‘opening’. This paper fills the gap by exploring the factors affecting internationalization of science parks from a realist perspective of international relations against the background of ONIS, based on case studies on China’s science parks. The results support our propositions that political interference in both China as the rising power and the dominant power (USA) has been a major factor affecting performance of science park internationalization when the process of ‘opening’ is intertwined with the strategic interests of the state on both sides. Findings from the study suggest the reconfiguration of ONIS in geopolitical context with significant policy implications
Nuclear dimension of extensions of commutative C*-algebras by Kirchberg algebras
Get PDFWe compute the nuclear dimension of extensions of C∗
-
algebras involving commutative unital quotients and stable Kirchberg
ideals. We identify the finite directed graphs whose C∗
-algebras are
covered by this theorem
No true Scotsman: ideology and verbal hygiene in Scots literacy practices
No full textThis thesis considers how a minority-language project must navigate a paradox which results from oppositions between the modernist conceptualisation of a legitimate ‘language’ and the ideologies of diversity and ‘natural’ authenticity. It investigates how this situation has come to be in the case of Scots – a modern code in close linguistic proximity to English – and how advocates for Scots respond in order to pursue their practical goals.
Over three case studies, linguistic and metalinguistic data are synthesised to show how written features and literacy itself relate to ideological tension. Historical orthographic and lexical features of a style termed Lallans, relatively unrelated to everyday Scots speech, fulfil important legitimating functions within Scots activism. Lallans provides a greater degree of linguistic differentiation from English and is more suited to the construction of an anonymous and convincingly prestigious language appropriate for use in the full range of linguistic registers. Since these ideas run counter to ‘natural’ language use, authenticity is also sometimes reimagined as a ‘project’ residing in a tradition of literacy which must be learned, despite a general reluctance to prescribe the Lallans norms therein. Additionally, in keeping with the broader expectation of some element of ‘natural’ language and contemporary liberal attitudes to linguistic authority, writers of Lallans generally permit a greater degree of innovative and phonetic written forms than has been acceptable in the past, notwithstanding a continued and covert hierarchy of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ writing styles.
Within this, there are some attempts to fuse or reimagine binaries of legitimacy (e.g., notions of literacy and orality or the universal and the contextualised). But often the model of a standard language emerges as a recognisable framework for understanding authority. The discursive regulation of written features counterposes ‘stigma’ and ‘language’; therefore, received wisdom about what a language ‘is’ and ought to ‘do’ is operationalised with the intention of bringing about legitimacy and quashing the means by which it is withheld. To this effect, rhetorical strategies are sometimes deployed which mystify language and attempt to simplify a broader complexity of linguistic ideologies under a singular vision. Across these different responses to internal ideological conflict, all are regularly described as necessary steps towards an underlying goal, rooted in a principle of diversity: the validation of Scots speakers’ identities
Theory of x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy for multiscale flows
Get PDFComplex multiscale flows associated with instabilities and turbulence are commonly induced under High Energy Density (HED) conditions, but accurate measurement of their transport properties has been challenging. X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) with coherent X-ray sources can, in principle, probe material dynamics to infer transport properties using time autocorrelation of density fluctuations. Here we develop a theoretical framework for utilizing XPCS to study material diffusivity in multiscale flows. We extend single-scale shear flow theories to broadband flows using a multiscale analysis that captures shear and diffusion dynamics. Our theory is validated with simulated XPCS for Brownian particles advected in multiscale flows. We demonstrate the versatility of the method over several orders of magnitude in timescale using sequential-pulse XPCS, single-pulse X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy (XSVS), and double-pulse XSVS
US and European Patient and Health Care Professional Perspectives on Fatigue in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: Results From the Communicating Needs and Features of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Experiences Survey
Get PDFLay Summary: Fatigue is a common symptom of moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis affecting patients’ work/school, physical, social, and sexual activities. However, it is often underappreciated by physicians, highlighting the need to assess fatigue in clinical practice and develop management plans
Interactions between components of the protein homeostasis network
Get PDFAn intricate set of processes responsible for maintaining the stability of the proteome forms a protein homeostasis network, which is crucial for cell viability and survival. This thesis describes insights into the interactions of the components that belong to that network. We focus on small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), significant members of the chaperone machinery, and glucosidase II (GluII), which is a key enzyme of the ER quality control system. We utilise native mass spectrometry, supported by other biophysical techniques, to broaden the understanding of studied protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes.
First, we characterise the properties of organelle sHsps, a family unique to plants. We show their structural diversification from cytosolic homologs. We find that two of the examined sHsps exhibit polydispersity, never reported in plant sHsps before. Further, we show evidence of dual monomer architecture within higher oligomers among organelle-targeted sHsps.
Then, we demonstrate that organelle-localised sHsps from different evolution- ary classes, as well as those from different cellular compartments, co-assemble with diverse modes of interactions. We quantify the energy biases of those interactions using a developed statistical-mechanical model. Studied co-assemblies exhibit a range from a slight to strong preference toward homo-interactions.
We next investigate the subunit exchange between the organelle and cytosolic sHsps. The results indicate that the diversification of the α-crystallin domain led to the incompatibility in the dimerisation interfaces between these two groups. However, more flexible C-terminal and N-terminal regions maintain the assembly of homo-dimer subunits into higher hetero-oligomers.
Lastly, we determine the mode of interactions between GluII and a thiopyridone ligand, a potential host-targeted antiviral drug. Based on the obtained results, we propose a ‘dock, lock and latch’ molecular mechanism, where the ligand accesses the binding pocket near the dimerisation interface and then binds to the available cysteine through a disulfide bond. This binding induces structural rearrangement followed by dimer dissociation
Solitude and sociability in the late German Enlightenment, 1756-1807
No full textA tension existed in the German Enlightenment between the celebration of autonomy—foremost in the ideal of Selbstdenken (“thinking for oneself”)—and the criticism of isolation, solipsism, and eremitic forms of thinking. This thesis analyses how solitude and sociability were negotiated and reconciled by three Königsberg intellectuals: political economist Christian Jakob Kraus (1753-1807), philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and writer and politician Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (1741-96). In each case, it shows how positive forms of “aloneness” were distinguished by their integration in a concept of sociability; each thinker articulated a model of the independent self as a specifically social entity, such that being alone was conducive or even essential to community.
The first chapter posits Königsberg as a neglected centre of Enlightenment, surveying empirical forms of intellectual sociability and tracing how the city’s identity came to be shaped by commerce, cosmopolitanism, the Seven Years’ War, and a specifically rationalistic Pietism. The second chapter argues that Kraus championed a “sociable individualism” which harmonised autonomy and community. An advocate of praxis, Kraus is presented as one node of a broader critique of solitary esotericism. The third chapter offers a reading of Kant’s philosophy contextualised in concern about solipsism and Schwärmerei. It argues that the Kantian conception of community was a monological ideal in the subjective mind: an egoistic pluralism. The fourth chapter, focusing on Hippel, explores how solitude and sociability were inflected by dynamics of class and gender, including an antagonism between courtly civility and the bürgerliche ideal of friendship. Advocating a relational model of subjectivity, Hippel sought to rescue women from the solitude of the private sphere with the promise of political Mündigkeit. Each case study engages with and refutes the notion of a “solitary turn” implicit in modernity, instead revealing the interdependence of the solitary self and society
Networks in trade - evidence from the legacy of the Hanseatic League
Get PDFWe study trade networks following the decline of the Hanseatic League, using a novel trade data set that covers cities and traders in Northern Europe over 190 years. By the time of its dissolution in 1669, trade on former Hansa routes is within predictions from a gravity framework. However, traders continue to shape the composition of trade: Hanseats’ trade within the former network displays significant persistence for centuries. We thus identify trading capital at the level of individual traders. Our paper highlights the long-run stability of commercial and social networks, which persist when other economic effects do not
In Flight Performance of the MAGIC Magnetoresistive Magnetometer on the RadCube CubeSat
Get PDFIn studying space physics, planetary science, and space weather, space-based in situ measurements of the magnetic field are fundamental to understanding underlying physical processes, as well as providing context for other observations. Whilst in many cases instrument design is not severely constrained by the available resource envelope, there are many applications, particularly when using new generations of spacecraft platforms such as CubeSats, that require very low resource sensors. In this context we review the design, development, construction, and flight of the highly miniaturised MAGIC (MAGnetometer from Imperial College) instrument on the RadCube Technology Demonstration CubeSat. MAGIC consists of a boom-mounted (outboard) Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) vector sensor connected by harness to a single electronics card inside RadCube. A second inboard AMR vector sensor is mounted on the electronics card. RadCube launched on 17 August 2021 to a sun-synchronous low-Earth polar orbit, with the main mission lasting until April 2022. Routine operations were subsequently extended to the end of 2022, with further special operations in 2023 and 2024 before re-entry on 20 August 2024. Here we review RadCube observations made over more than two years in orbit. Key results from MAGIC on RadCube include meeting ESA space weather magnetic field measurement requirements with both the outboard and inboard sensor, as well as detection of field aligned current signatures at high latitude