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Computers in Our Cosmos: Intersections in Geographies of Care, Abolition Geographies and Worker Movements
Get PDFAI assistants on spacecrafts. Netflix streamed through inter‐planetary communication networks. Colonies on Mars by 2050. While the glamorous public–private ventures into outer space curate discussions on the technical specificities of these proposed projects, this paper reorients discussions on such developments through critical frameworks of care and governance. This intervention is part of the Themed Intervention, ‘Geographies of Responsibility, Care and Repair in Digital Worlds of AI’, which prompts pressing questions around how we can foreground issues of responsibility, care and repair within engagement with data‐driven technologies. This paper responds by thinking through stories of technological expansionism in outer space, attending to the complications around governance, incoherent projects of commodified safety, and circulations of uncare in the wake of endeavours seeking to embed computers in our cosmos. In particular, this intervention explores how the scholarship and movements seeking to approach care more critically can help deepen ongoing discourse. It makes this argument through examining the intersections between feminist and Indigenous geographies of care, abolition geographies and worker movements within the data science and space science community. These bodies of work offer analytics to critique modes of (un)care in technological expansionist projects but also generate new possibilities. For instance, feminist ethics of care and Indigenous geographies open up different relationalities of care—including care that is circulated through wider, interconnected cosmologies, as well as protection beyond property rights. Through reflecting on what has been ‘illegible to us as “safety”’ (Kaba and Hayes 2018), abolitionist geographies provide alternative prospects for collective security, contrasting the safety that is sold by military technology firms. Worker and student movements highlight the material solidarities that can be extended to geographically dispersed communities. As such, these diverse bodies of work offer important contributions towards rethinking relationships of care and violence, on Earth and beyond
Benefits and harms of ADHD interventions: umbrella review and platform for shared decision making
Get PDFObjectives: To assess the effects of and related evidence certainty of interventions for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across an individual’s lifespan, and to develop a continuously updated web platform for people with lived experience of ADHD as a method to disseminate living evidence synthesis for shared decision making. Design: Umbrella review and platform for shared decision making. Data sources: Six databases from inception to 19 January 2025. Study authors were contacted for additional information when necessary. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Systematic reviews that used meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were eligible if they compared a drug or non-drug intervention with a passive control in individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD. Primary outcomes were severity of ADHD symptoms, analysed by rater type (clinician-rated, parent-rated, teacher-rated, or self-rated) and time point (short term (12 weeks, or study endpoint), medium term (26 weeks), and long term (52 weeks)),acceptability (participants dropping out for any reason), and tolerability (participants dropping out owing to any side effects). Secondary outcomes included daily functioning, quality of life, comorbid symptoms, and key side effects (decreased sleep and appetite). Data synthesis: Eligible meta-analyses were re-estimated with a standardised statistical approach. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2. Evidence certainty was evaluated using an algorithmic version of the GRADE framework, adapted for drug and non-drug interventions. Results: 115 of 414 full text articles were deemed eligible and 299 were excluded; the eligible articles comprised 221 unique combinations of participants, interventions, comparators, and outcomes. For each combination, the most recent and methodologically robust meta-analysis was selected for re-estimation, which gave 221 re-estimated meta-analyses in total, derived from 47 meta-analytic reports. In the short term, alpha-2 agonists, amphetamines, atomoxetine, methylphenidate, and viloxazine showed medium to large effect sizes in reducing the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents, with moderate to high certainty evidence. Methylphenidate showed consistent benefits across raters (standardised mean difference >0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 to 1.03; moderate or high certainty evidence). These interventions showed lower tolerability than the placebo, but this effect was not significant for methylphenidate and atomoxetine. In adults, atomoxetine, cognitive behavioural therapy, methylphenidate (and, when restricting analyses to high quality trials, amphetamines) showed at least moderate certainty evidence of efficacy on ADHD symptoms, with medium effect sizes. Methylphenidate, amphetamines, and atomoxetine had worse tolerability than placebo (methylphenidate, risk ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69; amphetamines, 0.40, 0.22 to 0.72; atomoxetine, 0.45, 0.35 to 0.58). Some non-drug interventions (acupuncture and cognitive behavioural therapy in children and adolescents, and mindfulness in adults) showed large effect sizes for ADHD symptoms, but with low certainty evidence. No high certainty, long term evidence was found for any intervention. An online platform showing effects and evidence certainty of each intervention across age groups, time points, and outcomes (https://ebiadhd-database.org/) was developed. Conclusions: This review provides updated evidence to inform patients, practitioners, and guideline developers how best to manage ADHD symptoms. The online platform should facilitate the implementation of shared decision making in daily practice. Trial registration: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/ugqy6/
Endometriosis policy and delivery systems: a comprehensive global scoping review
Get PDFDespite the prevalence and socioeconomic impact of endometriosis, it is under-represented in global health policy. To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to comprehensively map the availability of global endometriosis policies. The 477 included documents identified three frameworks and one approach used by countries to develop and operationalise endometriosis policies and initiatives: (1) stand-alone endometriosis national action plans (NAPs); (2) integration of endometriosis policy and initiatives into other health NAPs; (3) stand-alone endometriosis laws; and (4) ad-hoc initiatives. A thematic analysis enabled the aggregation of global endometriosis policies and initiatives within the WHO health system building blocks. Further analysis revealed the maturity of countries’ policy development. No information could be detected for 98 countries. However, 48 countries were raising awareness of endometriosis as a national problem, 36 countries had placed endometriosis on the political agenda, eight were adopting policies for a national endometriosis strategy, and four were implementing and evaluating strategies. Despite the global scarcity of endometriosis policy framework documents, this Review highlights promising examples, most notably Australia's and France's endometriosis NAP, which could be adapted by countries seeking to advance their endometriosis policies
Hard carbon from a sugar derivative for next-generation sodium-ion batteries
Get PDFSodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising secondary battery system due to the abundance of sodium resources. One of the boosters for accelerating the practical application of sodium-ion batteries is the innovation in anode materials. This study focuses on developing a high-performance hard carbon anode material derived from hydroxymethylfurfural, produced from carbohydrates, using a straightforward thermal condensation method. The process results in a unique pseudo-graphitic material with abundant microporosity. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate excellent sodium storage performance by maintaining the plateau capacity even at higher current densities. This translates to a promising energy density when coupled with the cathode material. However, we also discuss the influence of electrolyte composition on the performance of the hydroxymethylfurfural-derived hard carbon, emphasizing the critical role of electrolyte optimization for the development of efficient and sustainable carbonaceous anode materials for next-generation sodium-based batteries
The meaning of the "Phillips curve" from 1959 to 1975
No full textBefore 1970, BriIsh usage of the expression almost enIrely restricted that label to relaIonships between wages and unemployment arising from variaIons in the level of demand, and with a very limited range of explanatory variables. In the same period, American usage applied it addiIonally to inflaIon-relaIonships, underlain by cost-push theory, and to relaIonships with many more variables. In the first half of the 1970s, the American usage was also adopted by a group of Britain-based economists, most of whom were associated with the Manchester InflaIon Project. ARer 1975 the American usage became more or less universal both in terms of the language and how the idea was understood. These points are documented and consideraIon given to their explanaIon and consequence
Key role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin as a molecular target for biologic treatment of severe asthma
Get PDFThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an alarmin mainly released by airway epithelial cells injured by many environmental noxious agents such as aeroallergens, respiratory viruses, bacteria, airborne pollutants and cigarette smoking. Airway expression levels of TSLP are related to both asthma severity and the extent of bronchial obstruction occurring in asthmatic patients. The pivotal pathogenic role played by TSLP in asthma is due to its capability of acting as an upstream driver of multiple cellular and molecular proinflammatory pathways, responsible for the development and persistence of both type 2 (T2-high) and T2-low asthma. Tezepelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to TSLP, thus impeding its interaction with the TSLP receptor complex expressed by immune/inflammatory and resident cells of the airways. By virtue of this very effective mechanism of action, tezepelumab prevents disease exacerbations and improves lung function. These positive outcomes have been verified by randomized clinical trials, as well as by preliminary real-life studies. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the pathogenic involvement of TSLP in asthma, followed by an updated discussion focused on the therapeutic effects induced by tezepelumab in severe asthmatic patients
Co-Designing Educational Robotic Pet Concepts with Animal Welfare Educators and Children
Get PDFAnimal welfare education could greatly benefit from customised robots to help children learn about pets and their behaviour, and thereby promote positive, safe child-pet interactions. To this end, we ran co-design workshops with animal welfare educators and children to identify key requirements for robotic pets from their perspectives. Our findings encompass a zoomorphic robot’s appearance, behaviour, and features, as well as concepts for a narrative surrounding the robot. Through comparing and contrasting the two groups, we find the importance of: negative reactions to undesirable behaviour from children; using the facial features and tail to provide cues signalling an animal’s internal state; and a natural, furry appearance and texture. We also contribute some novel activities for co-design with children, including branching storyboards inspired by thematic apperception tests and interactive narratives, and reflect on some of the key design challenges of achieving consensus between the groups, despite much overlap in their design concept
Profinite rigidity of affine Coxeter groups
Get PDFWe prove that affine Coxeter groups are profinitely rigid
Fast Construction on a Restricted Budget
Get PDFWe introduce a model of a controlled random graph process. In this model, the edges of the complete graph K n are ordered randomly and then revealed, one by one, to a player called Builder. He must decide, immediately and irrevocably, whether to purchase each observed edge. The observation time is bounded by parameter t , and the total budget of purchased edges is bounded by parameter b . Builder's goal is to devise a strategy that, with high probability, allows him to construct a graph of purchased edges possessing a target graph property , all within the limitations of observation time and total budget. We show the following: (1) Builder has a strategy to achieve k ‐vertex‐connectivity at the hitting time for this property by purchasing at most c k n edges for an explicit c k 1 C \left(1+\varepsilon \right)n\log n/2 \left(1+\varepsilon \right)n/2 k t\ge b\gg \max \left\{{\left(n/t\right)}^{k-2},1\right\} \ell =2k+1 \ell =2k+2 \ell b\gg \max \left\{{n}^{k+2}/{t}^{k+1},n/\sqrt{t}\right\} , and this is optimal
Barriers to timely nutrition support in patients with cancer: A scoping review
Get PDFIn clinical cancer settings, malnutrition can go undiagnosed and patients often receive nutrition care only after they have lost substantial weight or developed severe side effects. Neglecting to provide nutrition care to a patient in a timely manner can lead to increased difficulties in supporting them and to poorer clinical outcomes. The aim of this review was to identify the barriers to timely nutrition support for patients with cancer before and during medical treatment. PubMed and CINAHL platforms were used to search for relevant published literature in June 2022. The search was updated in January 2025. Advanced search was used using the terms “cancer,” “malnutrition,” “nutritional support,” and their synonyms in combination with “under‐recognition” and associated synonyms. The protocol was prospectively registered on OSF Open Science. A total of 4584 records were identified in the databases, and 41 abstracts were selected for full article screening. A total of 19 articles were included in the review. Evidence from the studies indicates that malnutrition identification and dietetic support are not always implemented in current practice. Identified barriers were grouped into four interconnected macro themes: educational barriers, communication barriers, resource barriers, and sociocultural barriers. This scoping review identifies four barriers to early nutrition support in oncological settings and discusses their implications and how they influence each other. Clinical governance should consider and look to address all barriers when trying to implement dietetic support or design pathways in a timely and efficient manner