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Reporting heritage destruction
Get PDFThe contributions in this volume, an output of the University of Oxford’s Endangered Cultural Heritage of the Global South (ECHGS) Hub, speak to some fundamental questions about the reporting of heritage destruction: who is reporting, what is being reported and how, and what are the implications of such reporting? Given that cultural heritage can serve as both a trigger and a casualty of conflict, the relentless flow of reporting from news outlets and social media and user-generated content has consequences. The complex and evolving relationships between communities, media, human rights issues and heritage can also serve to endanger and safeguard identities in the present as well as the tangible and intangible legacies of the past. This volume explores these topics through a diversity of perspectives, including from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The collection culminates with the ‘Oxford Recommendations’, an ethical reporting framework recommended for use by journalists and others confronted by such issues
Building connections to teach the nature of science: an experienced science teacher’s formative assessment practices in a high school science classroom
No full textWhile understanding the nature of science (NOS) is recognized as a key component of science education because of its potential benefits in nurturing scientific literacy, there is currently limited knowledge on how NOS learning can be supported by teachers’ ongoing, in-the-moment assessment in the classroom. This study explores the value of formative assessment as a vehicle to facilitate reflective instruction of the NOS, through building connections between NOS and other related components of science learning. We closely examined one experienced science teacher’s lessons on the development of scientific knowledge in a 10th grade science classroom, along with the teacher’s post-lesson reflections and classroom artifacts, with a focus on how the teacher planned and orchestrated whole-class discussions following student group presentations. We identify four distinct strategies for formative assessment the teacher enacted in an effort to create “teachable moments” for NOS learning: multicontextualizing NOS, mapping examples to NOS, focusing discussion on NOS, and exploring different aspects of NOS. Across the lessons, while some teacher moves prompted discursive exchanges, others revealed significant challenges and were often met with student silence. Our work uses formative assessment as a lens to reveal the complexities and in-the-moment challenges of NOS instruction, illustrating how even an experienced teacher can struggle to facilitate these conversations. We argue that NOS research should pay more attention to the potential of formative assessment and the need for professional development to support teachers with empirically grounded assessment tasks for use in NOS instruction
Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) network proposal for a consensus gene panel for pan-cancer sequencing: a Delphi methodology
Get PDFBackgroundThe Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) Network supports UK-wide access to experimental cancer therapies, many of which require specific genomic alterations. This study aimed to develop expert consensus on essential genes for a pan-cancer sequencing panel, involving subject matter experts (SMEs) from the ECMC Network and the pharmaceutical industry.MethodsA pilot with 8 SMEs graded 526 genes, refining the list to 210. A three-round Delphi process was then used, with SMEs iteratively evaluating each gene. In the final round, SMEs also assessed the inclusion of tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and mutation types (structural variations, copy number variations, and/or fusions).ResultsConsensus was reached on a final panel of 99 genes applicable across multiple cancers. High agreement was also achieved for including TMB, MSI, and screening for structural variations, copy number variants, and fusions. The panel is intended for both adult and paediatric tumour types.ConclusionsThis consensus-based gene panel offers a standardised approach to pan-cancer genomic screening. It supports harmonised diagnostics and could improve patient access to personalised therapies and research trials across clinical and NHS settings
Comparison of the Tele‐Oxford Cognitive Screen to a neuropsychological battery in chronic stroke survivors
Get PDFFollowing an increased need for remote cognitive screening solutions, we aimed to investigate the construct validity and determine initial sensitivity/specificity estimates of the Tele‐OCS, a stroke‐specific remotely administered cognitive screening tool. To this end, a secondary data analysis is presented from 98 stroke survivors from the OX‐CHRONIC longitudinal study (average 4.5 years. post‐stroke). Convergent validity was examined for overall Tele‐OCS performance against MoCA total score, and separately for each of the subtasks against matched neuropsychological tasks. Divergent validity was examined against different neuropsychological tests and presumed to be unrelated self‐reported anxiety, as measured with HADS‐A. Overall, we found that the Tele‐OCS subtasks had good convergent/divergent validity. All subtasks also showed excellent specificity (min 80%), and whilst the cancellation task also showed good sensitivity (80%), all other subtasks came at a cost of lower sensitivity, compared to a more sensitive neuropsychological assessment. The Tele‐OCS provides a brief, remote, first‐line cognitive screening tool that reliably detects cognitive changes where these are clearly present, specifically and validly measuring distinct cognitive domains, which contrasts with a domain‐general cognitive screening approach
Raymond Plant and market socialism
No full textRaymond Plant was a democratic socialist who was deeply engaged with the neoliberal political philosophies that came to prominence through the work of Friedman, Hayek, Nozick, and others. Plant contrasted the way that values such as liberty and justice were understood by neoliberals with the way that they had been understood in the democratic socialist tradition. But he also had to position himself in relation to the market socialist ideas that had been developed in the 1980s by political philosophers looking for an alternative to moribund state socialism, which overlapped in certain respects with those of the neoliberals. Plant’s response was to acknowledge that a feasible and liberty-preserving form of socialism had to embrace the market as one of the components of a good society. My contribution will present and evaluate Plant’s response to market socialism, contrasting it with the responses evoked in other socialists such as Jerry Cohen
The global minimum tax and the future of international taxation
No full textOver 140 countries have now agreed to the introduction of a Global Minimum Tax, widely regarded as the most significant reform of the international business tax system in a century. While acknowledging that the agreement constitutes a remarkable political and technical achievement, this article questions whether the hype over the reform is justified and reflects on its likely impact on the future of international business taxation. The article makes three principal contributions. First, it argues that the Global Minimum Tax’s impact on the existing system is, at best, mixed. Critically, the system continues to perform poorly overall. Second, it argues that this mixed impact is caused by the policy, not its implementation. Propping up the existing origin based system with a Global Minimum Tax is a poor policy choice because the destabilising forces generated by the system’s incentive incompatibility persist. These forces undermine the reform and continue to undermine the system overall. Third, it argues that by doubling down on the existing origin-based system, the Global Minimum Tax makes it more difficult to pursue promising reform options that depart fundamentally from this system. This is troubling given the article’s conclusion that the system continues to perform poorly overall, even in the wake of the Global Minimum Tax
