324139 research outputs found
Sort by
Regrouper, surveiller et rapatrier: Histoire partielle des camps d’internement au Cameroun pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale (1939-1945)
Get PDFUnder the French Cameroon administration, the administrative or political detention had as main objective to maintain the order throughout its legal bases which are forced labor and disciplinary sanctions. While targeting primarily the natives, during the Second World War, French nationals and foreigners were also victims of the administrative detention. On the behalf of « national defense », suspicious and dangerous individuals were arrested and expelled from the territory. In fact, to control those so called « dangerous » individuals, camps were set up at Ayos, Batschenga and Akometan to name some of them. The latter welcomed as well the French and foreign nationals settled in the territory as the sailors of boats Albi, Tuareg and « Cap des palmes » trapped at the time of mobilization. The Yaounde camp, created at 1939, was dedicated to jail German nationals who were mostly farmers. By imposing a military disciplinary regime within those camps, the living conditions could be only harsh. Addind to that point, psychological traumas could not be avoided, as the detainee families were forced to live initially together and later on inside separate camps
Les mares et les canaux de pêche dans la plaine d’inondation du Logone au Nord-Cameroun: enjeux et perspectives
Get PDFThe Logone floodplain in the north Cameroon is one of the wet regions in Africa. Fishing is practiced by Kotoko and Musgum a long time ago. They use several tools and technics to catch fish during the dry season in some mares and in the canals when the water is retreating from the plain.The canals’ exploitation has a real problem of environment than those of the mares.In fact, the rapid water’s retreat from the plain because of their increasing number (more than 3000 canals) and their confiscation by a very weak minority (10%) of the plain’s population have respectively created the ecologic and social crises. The State has to stop artificial waterway and to promote the use of the others as a close–knit fishing community based on convention wisely elaborated according to the realities of the plain
Les stratégies d’information et de communication de l’Union des Populations du Cameroun de 1948 à 1971
Get PDFAfter the Second World War, the United Nations organization replaced the League of Nations. The latter, recommended colonial powers that signed the Atlantic charter, to lead their colonies to auto-determination. Following that perspective, were created, under the French administration, syndicates and political parties among which Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC). Created in 1948, that party chose a revolutionary way of acting. Contesting French authority, a repressive order, promoting arbitrariness, as concerns the common interest of Cameroon. The analysis of such situation shows how far information and communication were mobilized during that period by this political organization from 1948 to 1971. Also, the present study the mechanisms of UPC to create and articulate social relationships in Cameroon
The arrest and surrender of persons to the ICC by the United Kingdom
Get PDFThe apparent failure of cooperation between Italy and the International Criminal Court (ICC) in respect of the arrest and surrender by Italy of Osama Elmasry Njeem
(Njeem) has likely left State agents across ICC States parties wondering as to the proper
procedure for the arrest and surrender of persons to the ICC and their role in it. Against
the backdrop of the Njeem case, this article reflects on the procedures for the arrest and
surrender of persons to the ICC in the domestic law of the United Kingdom. Rather than
provide a comprehensive account of the relevant provisions of the International Criminal
Court Act 2001, and leaving aside the question of the effect of any immunities owed States
not party to the Rome Statute, the article considers the extent of the discretion made
available to the Secretary of State, the appropriate judicial officer, and the competent
court, respectively, under key provisions of the Act. Scrutiny of these provisions suggests
that, in cases such as Njeem, the relevant authorities in the United Kingdom enjoy little
discretion to refuse a request for the arrest and surrender of a person to the ICC
Structural and biochemical studies on transcriptional regulation and metallo-β-lactamase inhibition
Get PDFPart I of this thesis explores the utility and limitations of employing constructs of varying complexity as simplified models for the cellular environment in the study of transcriptional regulation; the background is given in Chapter 1.
Chapter 2 describes work contributing to the successful design of a small molecule dual inhibitor capable of inducing a hypoxic-like transcriptional response while also inhibiting bromodomain 4 (BRD4) function in cells. The ability of candidate dual inhibitors to interrupt the binding between BRD4 and a histone fragment binding partner was investigated by AlphaScreen. These studies helped to inform on the importance of several structural features on inhibitor–BRD4 binding. AlphaScreen was subsequently used (Chapter 3) to investigate the effect of a newly detected histone modification, lysine hydroxyacetylation (KAcOH), on BRD binding. KAcOH was found to interrupt binding to BRD4, indicating a potential role for KAcOH as a ‘PTM silencer’.
Studies detailed in Chapter 4 probe the interactions between a histone binding protein (tripartite motif containing 24; TRIM24) and a recombinant, homogeneously post-translationally modified mononucleosome containing an Nε-acetylthialysine residue at the 18-position of histone 3 (H3 sK18Ac). Crystallography was used to analyse the H3 sK18Ac nucleosome, as well as TRIM24. The binding of TRIM24 to the H3 sK18Ac nucleosome was investigated using non-denaturing mass spectrometry, small angle X ray scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry. Together, these results provided insight into TRIM24–H3 sK18Ac nucleosome binding, as well as structural insight into the complex formed.
The importance of substrate complexity on the activity of JmjC Nε-methyl lysine histone demethylases (KDMs) was the focus of Chapter 5. An antibody-based platform capable of detecting demethylation of Nε-trimethylthialysine (sKMe3) marks was optimised and used to compare the activity of the demethylase KDM4A against H3 sK9Me3 peptide, histone, and nucleosome substitutes. Initial attempts to discover a demethylase for K79Me3 were also made using this platform.
Part II details structural studies on another family of metallo proteins; the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which are clinically important due to their ability to hydrolyse almost all known β-lactam antibiotics. Structural analyses on complexes of a range of MBLs with stereoisomers of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, reveal information about binding in Chapter 6. A novel binding mode for a de novo designed MBL inhibitor is revealed in Chapter 7
Computational design of therapeutic antibodies with improved developability: efficient traversal of binder landscapes and rescue of escape mutations
Get PDFDeveloping therapeutic antibodies is a challenging endeavor, often requiring large-scale screening to produce initial binders, that still often require optimization for developability. We present a computational pipeline for the discovery and design of therapeutic antibody candidates, which incorporates physics- and AI-based methods for the generation, assessment, and validation of candidate antibodies with improved developability against diverse epitopes, via efficient few-shot experimental screens. We demonstrate that these orthogonal methods can lead to promising designs. We evaluated our approach by experimentally testing a small number of candidates against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in three different tasks: (i) traversing sequence landscapes of binders, we identify highly sequence dissimilar antibodies that retain binding to the Wuhan strain, (ii) rescuing binding from escape mutations, we show up to 54% of designs gain binding affinity to a new subvariant and (iii) improving developability characteristics of antibodies while retaining binding properties. These results together demonstrate an end-to-end antibody design pipeline with applicability across a wide range of antibody design tasks. We experimentally characterized binding against different antigen targets, developability profiles, and cryo-EM structures of designed antibodies. Our work demonstrates how combined AI and physics computational methods improve productivity and viability of antibody designs
Dynamic Contributions to Recent Observed Wintertime Precipitation Trends in Mediterranean‐Type Climate Regions
Get PDFMany Mediterranean‐type climates (MCs) have experienced wintertime drying trends since 1979. Using a dynamical adjustment method, we separate the effects of circulation‐induced drying trends from other residual trends. Our analysis reveals that circulation trends are the leading cause of the observed drying in Central Chile and the US Southwest, and that models show the drying across Southern Hemisphere MCs is independent of trends in the Southern Annular Mode. All Mediterranean‐type climates have exhibited residual drying trends from both internal variability and externally forced thermodynamic processes. Large ensembles suggest internal variability contributes significantly to the observed drying. However, in many regions the observed drying lies outside the ensemble distribution, raising questions about model accuracy
Auxin‐Producing Pseudomonas Recruited by Root Flavonoids Increases Rice Rhizosheath Formation through the Bacterial Histidine Kinase Under Soil Drying
Get PDFRhizosheath formation is facilitated by root hair length, root exudates, the soil microbes, which collectively enhance plant resistance to drought. This process partly results from the complex interaction between root exudates and microbes, a relationship that remains poorly understood. The roles of root exudates and microbes in rhizosheath formation in rice under soil drying (SD) conditions are investigated. In tetraploid rice, rhizosheath formation under SD is approximately 70% greater than in diploid rice. Inoculation of diploid rice with the rhizosheath soil microbiota from tetraploid rice significantly enhanced rhizosheath formation under SD. The bacterial genus Pseudomonas is identified as the key taxon promoting rhizosheath formation in tetraploid rice under SD. Tetraploid rice exhibits significantly higher root flavonoid concentration than diploid rice under SD. Overexpression of the chalcone synthase gene (OsCHS1), a key gene involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, led to a significant increase in the abundance of Pseudomonadaceae in diploid rice. Pseudomonas nitroreducens, isolated from the rhizosheath of tetraploid rice, demonstrates chemotactic attraction to flavonoids, but this behavior is not observed in histidine kinase mutant ΔcheA. Diploid and tetraploid rice inoculated with P. nitroreducens and IAA biosynthesis complemented strain ΔiaaM‐c formed larger rhizosheath under SD than those inoculated with its IAA biosynthesis mutant ΔiaaM. These results suggest that auxin‐producing Pseudomonas, recruited by root flavonoids, enhances rice rhizosheath formation through the bacterial histidine kinase under SD. This finding may facilitate the improvement of environmental adaptation in polyploidy crops by regulating their interactions with beneficial soil microorganisms
Whispered revolutions in American education: English teachers and the mediation of equity, subversion, and personal safety in conservative communities
No full textOptimising combined angiographic, structural and perfusion imaging using arterial spin labelling MRI
Get PDFVisualizing the dynamic blood flow in the brain is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI offers a non-invasive approach to simultaneously image both dynamic blood flow and tissue perfusion without contrast agents. However, ASL techniques face challenges such as limited spatial/temporal resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and susceptibility to motion artifacts. This thesis focuses on addressing these limitations to enhance the quality and clinical utility of ASL-based combined imaging of blood vessels, brain structure, and tissue perfusion.
Firstly, a novel, efficient two-stage curved cone trajectory is introduced for k-space sampling, improving the spatial resolution and SNR of both angiographic and perfusion images compared to conventional radial trajectories. The trajectory design allows for flexible parameter adjustments and is adaptable to various scanner hardware constraints. To further improve the temporal resolution of dynamic angiography, a subspace reconstruction method incorporating a kinetic model of blood flow is implemented. This approach achieves ultra-high temporal resolution, enabling detailed visualization and accurate quantification of blood flow dynamics. To mitigate motion artifacts, a novel motion correction technique is presented, utilizing subspace-based self-navigation to reconstruct robust navigator images. The proposed method effectively corrects motion artifacts, enabling accurate assessment of blood flow and perfusion even in the presence of subject motion.
This thesis contributes to the advancement of ASL-based imaging techniques by enhancing spatial and temporal resolution, improving SNR, and correcting for motion artifacts. The developed methods have the potential to improve the clinical diagnosis for neurovascular disease