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Efficacy and acceptability of bowel preparation strategies for inflammatory bowel disease colonoscopy: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground and study aimsPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently undergo colonoscopy, each requiring bowel preparation. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) 2019 guidelines recommended high- or low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel prep for IBD patients; however other non-PEG-based preparations (sulphate and picosulphate-based) have now been studied in IBD.MethodsWe searched CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, MEDLINE, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2024. Primary outcome was bowel prep success; secondary outcomes included tolerability, acceptability, cecal intubation rates (CIR) and safety. Pooled estimates used risk ratio (RR) and GRADE to assess evidence certainty.ResultsTen RCTs (1479 IBD patients) were included. There was no difference in prep success (relative risk [RR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.09; I 2 = 33%, 2 RCTs; moderate certainty evidence) between 2 L vs. 4 L PEG, but higher acceptability for 2 L (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59-0.80; I 2 = 18%, 2 RCTs; high certainty evidence). Low-volume non-PEG vs. PEG are probably similar for prep success (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90-1.01; I 2 = 6%,3 RCTs; moderate certainty evidence). The evidence on tolerability and acceptability was very uncertain. Subgroup analysis revealed comparable effectiveness of picosulphate-based (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78-1.01; I 2 = 0%,1 RCT) and sulphate-based preps (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.05; I 2 = 28%, 2 RCTs) compared with low-volume PEG. Safety data were inconsistently reported.ConclusionsHigh-certainty evidence supports low-volume PEG as comparably successful to high-volume PEG, with higher acceptability. Moderate-certainty evidence indicates similar success between non-PEG and PEG-based preps. Both low-volume PEG and non-PEG-based preps are supported for use in IBD, broadening options beyond current ESGE guidelines
Dataset of Noise distributions, dynamics of a cytokine network in human inflammatory bowel disease: determining the regulation of Il-23 signalling
No full textFiles of noisy data for the three different noise distributions in Dataset of Noise Distributions, Dynamics of a Cytokine Network in Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Determining the Regulation of IL-23 Signalling Each folder contains 100 files corresponding to data perturbed according to the high, medium, and small noise distributions. Each of these data files acts as a substitute for the Data_IL23_model.csv file in the code give at github.com/Joanneke-Jansen/cytokine-network-inference in the extraction of a network
The Shared Life
Get PDFWe are social animals that seek to live a life that is, in some sense, shared with others. But what exactly do we want in wanting to live a shared life? First, I seek to show that this question is not as straightforward as it might initially appear. Second, I present an answer to this question, which makes reference to the thought that we have a need for an irreducibly relational form of emotional experience, which I call “interpersonal connection.” Third, and finally, I draw upon this answer to identify the harm implicated in the experience of loneliness
The genome sequence of the soldier beetle, <i>Malthodes minimus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Get PDFWe present a genome assembly from an individual male Malthodes minimus (soldier beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cantharidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 583.60 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.75%) is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 19.48 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland
Recovering complex ecological dynamics from time series using state-space universal dynamic equations
Get PDFEcological systems often exhibit complex nonlinear dynamics like oscillations, chaos, and regime shifts. Universal dynamic equations have shown promise in modeling complex dynamics by combining known functional forms with neural networks that represent unknown relationships. However, these methods do not yet accommodate the forms of uncertainty common to ecological datasets. To address this limitation, we developed state-space universal dynamic equations by combining universal difference and differential equations with a state-space modeling framework, accounting for uncertainty. We tested this framework on three simulated and two empirical case studies and found that this method can recover nonlinear biological interactions that produce complex behaviors including chaos and regime shifts. Their forecasting performance is context-dependent, with the best performance on chaotic and oscillating time series. This innovative approach leveraging both ecological theory and data-driven machine learning offers a promising new way to make accurate and useful predictions of ecosystem change
Characterising many-body systems via quantum dynamics simulations
Get PDFSimulating quantum many-body systems is essential for understanding complex phenomena in condensed matter, chemistry, and materials science. Quantum computing offers a way to overcome the limitations of classical methods by operating directly in exponentially large Hilbert spaces. In particular, classical methods often fail to capture the dynamics of strongly correlated systems, which makes quantum algorithms a promising alternative for exploring these challenging regimes. This thesis uses quantum dynamics simulations to probe the behaviour of many-body systems. We first introduce a spectroscopy-based protocol to extract excitation spectra from the time evolution of observables and analyse its performance on near-term quantum devices. We show that the protocol requires only short evolution times and is resilient to errors, facilitating its implementation on real hardware. Building on this, we simulate fermionic excitation spectra using current quantum devices, introducing resource optimisations - including an approximate free-fermion initial state, a unitary quench without ancillae, and reduced Trotter steps - that significantly lower circuit depth. These improvements enable simulations at system sizes competitive with the state of the art, yielding results that match classical benchmarks. While most studies focus on unitary dynamics of isolated systems, open quantum dynamics is increasingly relevant for describing non-equilibrium processes across biology, materials science, and quantum control. We extend our scope to systems coupled to an environment and governed by Lindbladian evolution. By studying simulation complexity through physically meaningful quantities - such as correlation length and mixing time - we explore whether open-system dynamics can be as tractable as their unitary counterparts. These findings provide insights into the computational complexity landscape of open-system simulation and highlight regimes where quantum methods offer a clear advantage
Desensitization of opsin responses during all-optical interrogation depends on imaging parameters
Get PDFSignificanceThe combination of two-photon calcium imaging and targeted two-photon optogenetic stimulation, termed all-optical interrogation, provides spatial and temporal precision when recording and manipulating neural circuit activity in vivo. All-optical experiments often use red-shifted opsins in combination with green fluorescent reporters of neuronal activity. However, their excitation spectra still partially overlap, meaning that the imaging laser can excite the opsin. Although some care has been taken in the past to understand the effects of this spectral overlap; further work is required to understand its impact on the findings of all-optical studies.AimWe aimed to investigate whether two-photon imaging of the green fluorescent calcium reporter GCaMP6s at 920 nm increase the rate of response desensitization in neurons targeted for two-photon stimulation at 1035 nm expressing the red-shifted opsin C1V1.ApproachWe systematically varied either the inter-stimulus interval or the duration of two-photon calcium imaging during targeted two-photon optogenetic stimulation of mouse layer 2/3 barrel cortex or visual cortex neurons.ResultsWe found that two-photon imaging at 920 nm decreases trial-by-trial photostimulation responses in targeted C1V1-expressing neurons-an effect that is exacerbated at shorter inter-stimulus intervals. This is consistent with the imaging laser increasing the rate of opsin desensitization. Reduced photostimulation responses are not limited to targeted cells and are found across the field of view. Such network effects are less pronounced at shorter imaging doses.ConclusionsOur results provide methodological optimizations that enable trial-by-trial decreases in photostimulation response to be mitigated in all-optical experiments. This will reduce an external source of trial-by-trial variability in future all-optical experiments
Time to reframe osteoporosis: a position statement to characterize the osteoporosis care gap
Get PDFLay Summary: Many people who might benefit from osteoporosis assessments or treatment are not offered them and many people offered or receiving treatment feel their needs are not met. Barriers include lack of awareness, confusing diagnosis rules, poor communication, and a tendency of healthcare systems to focus on medicines rather than the whole person. This statement suggests we need to look at the “care gap”—not just who gets medicine, but who gets the right assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and support. To help people with osteoporosis, care should be fair, addressing the whole person, and tailored to each person’s needs, with support for making informed choices