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Parental Time Use and the Gendered Socialization of Adolescents' Housework in China: A Cumulative Perspective
Get PDFObjective: This study examines how parental housework time and labor market participation during early childhood are associated with adolescents' housework participation. Background: Prior research shows that parental time use is associated with adolescents' housework in gendered ways. Drawing on gender performance theory, new home economics, and the cumulative disadvantage framework, this study assesses whether adolescents' housework participation is associated not only with contemporaneous parental behavior but also with parental behavior during early childhood. Method: Using longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Study (N = 1637), regression‐with‐residuals models estimate associations between parents' housework time and labor market participation during preschool (ages 0–5), early school years (ages 6–9), and adolescence (ages 10–15) and adolescents' housework participation. Results: Mothers' housework hours during preschool were positively associated with girls' adolescent housework participation but not boys'. Fathers' housework participation during adolescence showed a stronger contemporaneous association with boys' housework time. Fathers' labor market participation during adolescence was associated with higher housework participation among girls only. Mothers' labor market participation during early school years was also positively associated with girls' adolescent housework participation. Conclusion: Girls' housework socialization appears to begin in early childhood, whereas boys' housework participation is more strongly linked to contemporaneous parental behavior. Interventions aimed at reducing domestic gender inequality may benefit from targeting the preschool years
Follow-up of suspected child maltreatment cases treated at a tertiary child protection service facility
Get PDFThe victim’s physical and emotional safety are foremost priorities in the clinical care of suspected child maltreatment (CM). The WHO recommends follow-ups, but we lack standardized procedures. This study examined case characteristics in relation to outcomes and follow-up (FU) feasibility at the Forensic Examination Center for Children and Adolescents (FOrensische Kinder- und JugendUntersuchungsStelle, FOKUS), Austria’s first tertiary healthcare service offering regular FUs of CM cases. Suspected CM cases presented to FOKUS between July 2015 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed regarding one-year FU outcomes. FU feasibility, timing of FU, and reasons for delay or no FU were investigated. Two groups (FU vs. no FU) were compared. In the FU group, cases discharged from FOKUS services after the initial FU visit were compared with those remaining under FOKUS care regarding child protection (federal child protection service involvement, reports to law enforcement), safety procedures (new CM incidents, new injuries/findings/observations, contact with suspected perpetrator), and therapeutic interventions. Associations between case characteristics (age, gender, FU length, suspected CM type, perpetrator) and the groups were analyzed using logistic regression models. Of 219 cases, FU was feasible in 64%. Inaccessibility of families was the main reason for no FU. Followed patients were younger and perpetrators were more often parents (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.10–3.99). Suspected sexual abuse cases and those with new CM incidents were less frequently discharged (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.85 and OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.66). Conclusion: CM case characteristics permit personalized, structured FU planning and scheduling to improve safety and continuity of care. What is Known: • The WHO recommends regular follow-up (FU) of suspected child maltreatment cases to ensure patient safety and prevent further harm, but standardized procedures are lacking. • In Austria, hospital-based child protection teams are legally required, yet systematic FUs and structured safety monitoring are rarely implemented nor legally required. What is New: • This first CM follow-up study from Austria’s tertiary child protection service (FOKUS) shows that FU was feasible in 64% of cases. • The results suggest that case characteristics influence the success of FU. Structured, individualized FU and sufficient resources are essential to enhance patient safety and long-term protection
Reflectivity ferromagnetic resonance for layer-resolved dynamic study of multi-layered systems
Get PDFThis thesis develops and applies Reflectivity Ferromagnetic Resonance (RFMR) as a novel technique for probing depth-resolved magnetisation dynamics in magnetic thin films and multilayers. By combining the depth resolution of X-ray Resonant Magnetic Reflectivity (XRMR) with the temporal control of X-ray detected Ferromagnetic Resonance (XFMR), RFMR enables the reconstruction of layer-specific precessional motion on the nanometre scale with picosecond resolution.After establishing the necessary understanding of optical properties in RFMR and the advanced modelling required to interpret the data, we demonstrate the capabilities of RFMR through three progressive case studies. First, we examine a NiFe single-layer magnetic film, which exhibits a uniform mode alongside indications of damped precession at the interfaces. Here, we show that the RFMR signal is sensitive to the waveform of the RF driving field. This sensitivity is leveraged to distinguish the FMR modal structure under different waveform excitations(sinusoidal versus distorted).In the second case, we investigate magnetic trilayers with different ferromagnetic layers separated by a Chromium spacer. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and Vector Network Analyzer Ferromagnetic Resonance (VNA-FMR) reveals distinct, interlayer-coupled modes (acoustic and optical). RFMR measurements reveal this allows for the engineering of the trilayer’s depth-profile by tuning the applied static field across the resonance conditions.Finally, we explore a complex [Ta/CoFeB/MgO]4 heterostructure stack, where the FMR modes exhibit depth-dependent profiles that can be uniquely identified only in RFMR. Using VSM, VNA FMR, Magnetic Force Microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, we identify a Spin-Reorientation Transition (SRT) as CoFeB is varied across 1.50nm. XRMR and RFMR measurements reveal that the depth profile of the magnetisation undergoes significant changes across the SRT, with the dynamics becoming increasingly complex in thinner layers. Through RFMR measurements at multiple polarisations, we reconstruct the full three-dimensional magnetisation trajectories, uncovering signatures of nonlinearity critical for future spintronic computing architectures
Amber Bowen - Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsych)
No full textSystematic Review of the LiteratureLiving with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) can impact on the life of the individual and those around them. Family and friends of people with EUPD often adopt an informal caregiver role. Research shows that informal caregivers of people with EUPD can themselves experience mental health difficulties and high burden. Cross-cultural studies highlight differences in informal caregiving experiences for other carer groups, but cultural differences have not yet been considered in this population. This review aimed to synthesise what is known about experiences of informal caregiving by family and friends of people with EUPD, including a consideration of potential cultural variation. PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched in March 2025. Qualitative, peer-reviewed studies that explored informal caregiving experiences of family and friends of people with EUPD were included. The CASP Qualitative Studies Checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data was analysed using thematic synthesis. Nine studies published since 2008 from across six countries were retrieved. All were rated as medium-to-high quality. Thematic synthesis resulted in five themes: ‘relentless roles and responsibilities’, ‘the all-encompassing impact of caregiving’, ‘facing stigma, blame and misunderstanding’, ‘drawing on self and others to cope’, and ‘navigating the healthcare system’. This review highlights the challenges faced by informal caregivers of people with EUPD. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed, particularly in the currently under-explored area of cultural differences in caregiving experiences.Service Improvement ProjectBackground: Sexual intimacy difficulties are common in women with chronic gynaecological conditions (CGCs). Despite this, guidance on how to address sexual intimacy difficulties in this group is limited. Evidence suggests psychosexual interventions improve sexual function in those with CGCs and sexual intimacy difficulties. However, little is known about the views of women with CGCs on psychosexual support and how it can be improved. The main aim of this study was to understand patient views on how psychosexual support offered at a gynaecology department can be improved.Methods: A mixed-methods design was used for this service improvement project, which took place in an NHS acute hospital in the south of England. Twenty-four women aged 20-57 with CGCs and sexual intimacy difficulties completed an online survey; Eight participated in semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data; Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Ninety-two percent of participants said they would engage in psychosexual support. One-to-one support was ranked as most helpful. Qualitative accounts revealed five themes: ‘increase awareness’, ‘improve access’’, ‘one size doesn’t fit all’, ‘talking to others can feel unsafe’, and ‘let’s be in it together’.Conclusions: This study provides important insights into how psychosexual support for women with CGCs and sexual intimacy difficulties can be improved. The recommendations may be applied to similar settings to inform service improvement. Theory Driven Research ProjectBackground: Hearing voices is widely stigmatised by society, which can affect one’s readiness to identify as a voice-hearer. Research shows social identity has an important role in health outcomes in clinical populations. Specifically, integrating multiple distinct social identities into a coherent sense of self has been linked to improved psychological wellbeing in voice-hearers. Theory and research suggest internalised stigma might inhibit the integration process, whereas empathy from others may facilitate this process. Objectives: This study aims to explore the role of these factors in the social identity integration process for people who self-identify as voice-hearers.Design: A cross-sectional design was used, and three analyses were conducted.Methods: Seventy-six voice-hearers completed an online questionnaire assessing internalised stigma, social identity integration, perceptions of empathy from non-voice-hearers, paranoia, voice severity and depression.Results: An ANCOVA showed no significant difference in the degree of social identity integration between voice-hearers with high versus low levels of internalised stigma. A regression revealed perceptions of empathy from non-voice-hearers were significantly and positively associated with social identity integration. A hierarchical regression showed the overall model was significant, with covariates accounting for a significant amount of variance in social identity integration. Internalised stigma and perceptions of non-voice-hearer each contributed small amounts of variance, though these changes were not significant.Conclusion: These results extend beyond previous research and offer some preliminary support for the cognitive-developmental theory underpinning social identity integration processes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding
Political trust in divided societies: who trusts whom in Northern Ireland?
No full textPolitical trust is essential for peace in divided societies. In postaccord Northern Ireland (NI), past research has identified differences in political trust among the Catholic and Protestant communities. The present research explored which political institutions are trusted, and by whom, in the NI context. Drawing on the Northern Ireland Life and Times 2022 survey data (n = 968; 373 males, 595 females, aged 18 and over, 537 Protestant, 431 Catholic), principal component analyses identified two factors (with 62.85% cumulative variance explained), one factor trusted mainly by Catholics, which includes the European Union and the Alliance Party, and the other factor trusted mainly by Protestants, which includes the U.K. government (at Westminster) and the NI Executive. This differentiation suggests that political events such as Brexit and the suspension of the NI Assembly have impacted political trust differently in each community. Findings highlight the complexity of political trust and how ostensibly neutral political institutions are perceived in divided societies
Romanticism, Oriental history, and the literary construction of Occidental identity: gender, religion, and liberty
Get PDFThis thesis explores Romantic Orientalism in works by Robert Southey, Maria Edgeworth, George Gordon, Lord Byron, and Mary Shelley. The works illustrate that representations of the Islamic East were used to argue for reform in the West and the reconstruction of occidental identity, both in negative and positive representations.Decades of literary, travel, and historical writing, as well as artworks, inform the works of these writers that recycle the stereotypes about the Islamic Orient these earlier works established. In this thesis, I focus on two of the most powerful tropes about the Orient: those that stressed the oppressive nature of the oriental and Muslim harem, and those that showed Islam as a superstitious faith. In particular, I address the significance of oriental character names to our understanding of the representations of the Islamic Orient. The thesis considers the history and implications of namesakes from the Arab, Ottoman, pre-Islamic, and Islamic cultures. I argue that character traits associated with these historical figures were used to promote the reforming aims of the literary works of the four authors in their own culture(s), aims that include the promotion of women’s liberty, the practice of true faith, the rejection of discrimination, and the warning against the belief in the supernatural. These were aims that were seen as urgent for those with progressive ambitions in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Acts of cultural translation in the discussed literary works include not only literal translations of source materials but also imitations of literary forms as well as social values inspired by major Arabic literary works, evidenced by the lengthy footnotes in the English works in which their authors relied extensively on Arabic materials.This thesis consists of two sections. Section One focuses on the critique of superstition and religion through Islam and the use of the oriental tale for that purpose in works in the immediate wake of Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Egypt in 1798. Chapter 1 addresses these issues in Southey’s oriental epic Thalaba the Destroyer (1801), while chapter 2 turns to Edgeworth’s oriental tale “Murad the Unlucky” (1804). Both authors, whilst deploying pseudo-oriental locales, draw on western and oriental lessons about true faith and the rejection of superstition. Both protagonists in these stories, Saladin and Thalaba, are presented as models for a good Christian individual fighting for true faith in a context of oriental superstition.Section Two focuses on constructions of liberty, socialization, and education in works composed more than a decade after the Napoleonic invasion of Syria and Egypt, but still in a period marked by European wars with Napoleonic France. Chapter 3 is a study of Byron’s “Oriental Tales” (1813-14), and chapter 4 centers on Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818). Byron and Shelley use the harem and the veil as essential tools to address issues of oppression and liberty in Europe at both domestic and public levels. I demonstrate the ways in which Byron and Shelley appropriate the potential hidden energies of the veil and Islamic women’s lives in their fiction to promote new visions of a sociable individual
Epistemic aims and values of quantum computation in foundational research papers and implications for education
No full textAs quantum technologies gain importance across scientific and societal domains, understanding the foundational principles driving their development is increasingly crucial. While much work has been devoted to defining essential knowledge and curriculum content for quantum technologies at various educational levels, less attention has been paid to how the Second Quantum Revolution is shaping the nature of quantum computation in terms of its foundational epistemic aims and values. The paper presents a conceptual account of the nature of quantum computation through document analysis of foundational research papers. Using the lens of the Family Resemblance Approach to the nature of science, it uncovers the core epistemic aims and values characterising the domain of quantum computation. By applying this analytical framework, the study identifies both pre-determined epistemic aims and values (e.g., objectivity, accuracy) and emergent sub-categories (e.g., materiality of information, efficiency) relevant to quantum computation. The document analysis contributes to the literature on nature of science in general and in the characterization of quantum computation as a domain in particular. Furthermore, the analysis brings to light implicit epistemic aims and values that guide practitioners in a scientific domain to the foreground, which often remain unarticulated in educational contexts. The findings include 17 instances of epistemic aims and values of quantum computation generated from an analysis of significant research papers in the field. By systematically generating these epistemic aims and values, the study provides a nuanced and explicit approach to characterising the nature of quantum computation, enabling educators to incorporate these themes into curriculum design, teaching, and learning. Some implications for quantum technologies education are discussed
BOWIE-ALIGN: Sub-solar C/O ratio and metallicity atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter HAT-P-30 b
Get PDFWe present the JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum of the misaligned hot Jupiter HAT-P-30b from 2.8–5.2 m as part of the BOWIE-ALIGN survey, a comparative survey designed to probe the link between planet formation and atmospheric composition in samples of misaligned and aligned hot Jupiters orbiting F-type stars. Through independent data reductions and retrieval analyses, we find evidence for absorption features of and in the atmosphere of HAT-P-30 b. Our retrieved abundances are consistent with equilibrium chemistry, from which we infer a sub-solar C/O ratio (0.16–0.45), and sub-solar and sub-stellar metallicity (0.2–0.8solar, compared to a stellar metallicity of 1.1–1.6solar), with muted spectral features. This composition challenges formation models of continuous migration and accretion within a steady disc of stellar metallicity, and could be the result of low C/O ratio gas accretion within the water ice line, low metallicity accretion due to the trapping of volatiles further out in the disc, or the combined accretion of low metallicity gas and carbon-poor solids
Group well-being and the consciousness requirement
Get PDFWe often talk as if things can benefit or harm groups, such as states and corporations. But do groups have well-being? Despite its potential importance to many areas of practical philosophy, this question has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. I will try to make progress on this underexplored question by offering a defense of group well-being. After setting out the wide significance of this topic, I defend the idea against the objection from the consciousness requirement. It is widely accepted that the capacity for phenomenal consciousness is necessary for having well-being. In response, I argue that we should not accept the consciousness requirement as it is currently formulated, because the requirement is undermotivated and faces a counterexample. I then propose that we should weaken the consciousness requirement that allows groups to have well-being while maintaining the appealing idea that there is some intimate connection between well-being and consciousness
A Review of the Scale and Sustainability of the Consumption and Trade of Anuran Species in Africa
Get PDFWithin Africa, collection and trade of anurans is often recorded as single‐site case studies, making it difficult to accurately understand the scale of use, its livelihood importance, and impact on species. We conducted a systematic review to: compile literature on anuran uses in Africa; identify the species and ecoregions involved; and identify gaps and opportunities for monitoring anuran utilisation. From an initial pool of 3335 articles, 85 studies on anuran use were reviewed. We augmented this with data from records on levels of anuran trade within CITES from 2012 to 2021, IUCN redlist, UNdata and WILDMEAT databases. We found 131 amphibian (124 anuran) species belonging to 18 families and 42 genera used within Africa. About 31.5% of species are used as food and 2.4% used in traditional medicine. Another 23.4% are used in multiple ways. Larger‐bodied species, including Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and Pyxicephalus edulis, are most preferred as food, whereas smaller and colourful ones (mostly in the Mantellidae family) are traded as pets. The use of anurans as food and traditional medicine is concentrated in Guineo‐Congolian and Guineo‐Sudanian ecoregions, whilst Madagascar and the Indian Ocean dominates the international pet trade. Wild populations of anuran species are collected mainly by local men and sold to intermediaries to supply food and pet markets. African countries import frog legs more than they export possibly, to supply locally based international restaurants. We identified the inability of most international databases to accurately capture the extent of anuran use with literature review identifying 28 additional species missed by these platforms. Also, there are few scientific studies that quantify the impacts of use on anurans in Africa. Synthesis and applications: We recommend that anuran species collection and trade be incorporated into national biodiversity monitoring plans