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Generalist deep learning for cross-modality landmark annotation in cardiovascular magnetic resonance
No full textParfitian priority, gene therapy and disability
No full textGene therapies for severe genetic disease are often highly expensive. In deciding whether or when to provide them, one ethical consideration is the benefit of treatment relative to cost. Another and separate consideration is concern for medical need and the desire to benefit those who are worse off. The latter is a prioritarian concern. But how should we apply prioritarianism to decisions about gene therapy, particularly since such treatments might affect which individuals come into existence? That question is the main aim of this paper. I focus on a particular version of prioritarianism articulated and defended by Derek Parfit. My primary aim is to explore how, if we were to adopt such an account, we should interpret and practically apply this in medical ethics. In doing so, I assess how it fits with other elements of Parfit’s philosophy. I defend a new “time-relative” version of priority
Legal guardrails on States’ dependence on carbon dioxide removal to meet climate targets
No full textThis paper explores the international legal framework within which States’ reliance on carbon dioxide removal in climate targets and emission reduction pathways is set and identifies guardrails on the extent of such reliance. While carbon dioxide removal is a vital component of the response to climate change, significant risks arise when States rely upon promises of future removals as a substitute for near-term emissions reductions. This paper focuses on the obligation of ‘due diligence’ that attaches to States in relation to their actions that cause and address climate harms. It identifies a standard against which the diligence (or lack thereof) exercised by States can be objectively measured. This standard, discussed at length in the International Court of Justice’s Advisory Opinion on Climate Change, draws on several elements relevant to the governance of climate change, including precaution, scientific and technological information, and relevant rules and international standards, especially the normative pillars of the Paris Agreement. Although this standard applies to all actions and omissions by States in relation to climate harms, it assumes particular significance in relation to carbon dioxide removal, given the distinctive risks and uncertainties associated with it. We find that an application of this stringent standard of due diligence results first, in creating a pull towards a narrower range of global emission reduction pathways which minimise overshoot of the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature goal, and second, in the emergence of indicative substantive and procedural guardrails which channel and constrain States’ reliance on carbon dioxide removal to meet their climate targets. These findings underscore the need for States to pursue deep emissions reductions alongside transparent, feasible, and coherent strategies for carbon dioxide removal
‘I am only here as a learner’: Katherine Read in Italy, 1750–53
Full text linkThe Scottish artist Katherine Read travelled to Italy in the 1750s to hone her skills as a portraitist and capture some of the bustling market for Grand Tour portraits. Combining details from letters written during her time on the Continent with archival sources, this article presents details of her personal experience alongside a working list of her early portraits
Strong sparsification for 1-in-3-SAT via polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa
Full text linkWe introduce a new notion of sparsification, called strong sparsification, in which constraints are not removed but variables can be merged. As our main result, we present a strong sparsification algorithm for 1-in-3-SAT. The correctness of the algorithm relies on establishing a sub-quadratic bound on the size of certain sets of vectors in F 2 . This result, obtained using the recent Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa Theorem (Gowers, Green, Manners and Tao, Ann. Math. 2025), could be of independent interest. As an application, we improve the state-of-the-art algorithm for approximating linearly-ordered colourings of 3-uniform hypergraphs (Hastad, Martinsson, Nakajima and Živný, APPROX 2024)
Provincialising Berlin in Menschen im Hotel
No full textIn this article, I take the peculiar source of Vicki Baum’s Menschen im Hotel (1929) in a Southern-Moravian town as a starting point to reveal the ways in which the hierarchies between metropolis and province are negotiated and complicated by the novel. Focusing on the provincial in this big-city novel sheds light not only on how the popular image of Weimarera Berlin – as glamorous and progressive, bountiful and exciting – emerges as the construct of petit-bourgeois, provincial unfamiliarity and excitement, but also on how the novel shows the province itself as less parochial, ignorant and close-minded than the stereotypes suggest. It shows how the novel brings together local and global geographies by entangling provincial life with global and colonial trade. It shows how the newspaper in which it was first printed equally painted a picture of a more provincial Berlin. And it shows how the novel complicates the relation between modernist and conservative aesthetics between Berlin and the provinces. Re-reading Baum’s novel from the margins thus starts to decentre Berlin from the geographies of Weimar-era modernism and modernity
New large value estimates for Dirichlet polynomials
No full textWe prove new bounds for how often Dirichlet polynomials can take large values. This gives improved estimates for a Dirichlet polynomial of length N taking values of size close to N3/4 , which is the critical situation for several estimates in analytic number theory connected to prime numbers and the Riemann zeta function. As a consequence, we deduce a zero density estimate N(σ, T) ≤ T30(1−σ)/13+o(1) and asymptotics for primes in short intervals of length x17/30+o(1)