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Identification of Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) and Its Habitat on the Island of Bali
Get PDFThe Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi), an endemic species of Java, has been occasionally observed in Bali, prompting the need for scientific verification due to its critical conservation status. This study aimed to confirm the presence of the Javan Hawk-Eagle in Bali and map its potential distribution based on habitat suitability using an integrated spatial-ecological approach. A probability distribution model was developed using logistic regression with NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), slope, and elevation as predictor variables. The resulting probability map was subsequently delineated using land cover, land use data, and information obtained directly from key informant interviews to produce a refined predicted suitable habitat patches map for the Javan hawk-eagle. To confirm its reliability, we conducted patch occupancy surveys to confirm the Javan Hawk-Eagles existence in patches that have historical occurrence of Javan Hawk-Eagle. Logistic regression modeling identified the Javan Hawk-Eagle\u27s potential distribution area of 1,069.4 km². Using this model and information from key informants, forest function maps, and land cover maps, 14 predicted habitat patches were delineated. Subsequent patch occupancy surveys confirmed three of these patches as actual habitats for the Javan Hawk-Eagle on Bali, namely West Bali Protected Forest, Batukaru and Batukahu Area, and Buyan-Tamblingan Lake Tourism Forest. These findings provide the first empirically validated confirmation of the Javan Hawk-Eagle’s presence in Bali, supported by direct photographed observations verified by experts, and delineate key habitat patches for future conservation planning
Fostering Disaster Resilience through a Dual Strategy: Early Warning-Emergency Response Systems and Ecological Recovery
Get PDFThe recurrent incidence of floods and flash floods across various regions of Indonesia has incited ongoing public and scholarly discourse that attributes hydrometeorological factors and deforestation as principal contributors to hydrometeorological disasters. This perspective adds a view angle to typical cause-and-effect discussions about floods and flash floods, proposing a two-pronged approach to address their challenges. Though not entirely new, it emphasizes the importance of prioritizing disaster prevention over simply managing the aftermath.
Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Tracing the Impact of Recreational Activities in Green Open Spaces, South Tangerang - Indonesia
Get PDFSouth Tangerang has green open spaces currently widely used for community recreation, namely City Park 1 BSD and City Park 2 BSD. Recreational activities can contribute to environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment is an approach used to trace the impact of each recreational activity. This research aims to inventory inputs and outputs, calculate the magnitude of emissions based on impact categories, and formulate impact control scenarios for recreational activities in green open space, South Tangerang. The main data collected were the characteristics and activity patterns of visitors. At each recreational activity stage, the input type is identified, and the magnitude of emissions is calculated using the basic formula: Emissions = activity data x emission factor. The next stage is interpreting the results by formulating impact control scenarios. The identified inputs are gasoline and diesel fuel, electrical energy, urine, soap, and organic and inorganic solid waste. Emissions of transportation activities are CO2, N2O, CH4, SO2, and NO2; emissions of organic waste processing are N2O and CH4; emissions of inorganic waste processing are CH4; emissions of electricity use are CO2, SO2, and NO2; as well as emissions of using toilets and soapy water are CH4 and PO43–. Recreational activities in City Park 1 BSD produce greater emissions than in City Park 2 BSD, with hotspots in visitor transportation. Impact control can be carried out using two scenarios: limiting motorized vehicles\u27 use and reducing plastic waste
Geospatial Analysis of Elephant Migration from Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, 2009-2017
Get PDFHwange National Park, the largest national park in Zimbabwe, has been recorded as experiencing elephant migrations to neighbouring Botswana for several years due to drought-related dryness of water bodies. The adverse impacts of climate change have led to a rise in Zimbabwe\u27s annual mean surface temperature, rendering the country more susceptible to drought conditions and decreased rainfall. To investigate the directional trend of elephant migration patterns from Hwange National Park to neighbouring Botswana, spatiotemporal analysis was conducted from 2009 to 2017 using ArcGIS Pro software. Secondary data was utilized for analysis, with elephant migration data abstracted from Movebank, an open-source data portal for large collections of animal tracking data. These migration patterns were remotely tracked through GPS sensors. Additionally, annual mean surface temperature data, sourced from the International Monetary Fund\u27s climate data, was considered an allied factor with the fundamental objective of the research. A bar chart was created to represent the temperature data statistically. The results emphasized that annual mean surface temperature fluctuations in Zimbabwe have influenced elephant migration, with high surface temperatures recorded in 2010, 2015, and 2016 accompanied by increased migrations. Consequently, the elephants\u27 tendency to migrate towards Botswana has gradually risen throughout the period, underscoring the adverse impacts of climate change
The Determination of Mangrove Restoration Area using Water Quality and Substrate Parameters
No full textMangrove plants have a substantial impact on ecosystems, both ecologically and economically. Planting mangroves is currently considered an effective method for overcoming the degradation of mangrove forests, particularly in Sebaru Kecil Island, which has limited research. Besides natural forces contributing to the success of mangrove plantations, ecological parameters are also crucial to assessing mangrove restoration areas. The parameters include physical-chemical water quality, plankton and benthos, and substrate quality. This measurement is carried out to evaluate the level of water fertility and soil conditions at the location that will be used for mangrove planting. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of the area for mangrove restoration based on physical, biological, and chemical water quality conditions, and to provide recommendations for planting mangroves suitable for Sebaru Kecil Island based on its substrate condition. The results showed that the physical-chemical parameters of the seawater at the mangrove planting locations met the quality standards, except for nitrate. The condition of plankton and benthos showed a high diversity index, with no dominant species. Based on the substrate results and physical condition of Sebaru Kecil Island, the location is suitable for mangrove planting, and we recommend planting Rhizophora stylosa in the mangrove restoration area
Detection of Tree Cover Dynamic on Belitung Island using Random Forest Regression
Get PDFBelitung Island faces a series of interconnected environmental problems, particularly in forest conservation. Protected forest areas play a crucial role in supporting life but their sustainability is threatened by human activities such as mining exploitation and forest conversion for plantations. Therefore, protecting and restoring protected forest areas are priorities for maintaining the ecosystem\u27s sustainability on Belitung Island. An evaluation was conducted to assess the ecological conditions of conservation areas on Belitung Island by visualizing changes in protected land cover to assist conservation efforts. In this study, the evaluation system for vegetation cover conditions on Belitung Island and Gunung Lalang Grand Forest Park used random forest (RF) regression algorithms and remote sensing data. Satellite image data were used to determine the extent of vegetation cover on Belitung Island, utilizing combinations of bands from Landsat Satellites and MODIS Percent Tree Cover. Satellite images from 2013 to 2023 were used for comparison. This evaluation revealed several class changes in vegetation cover on Belitung Island based on percent tree cover classification over the years serving as an evaluation of land use in the areas under review. The R-squared value of 0.73 indicated that the samples used to predict land cover demonstrated a relatively high level of accuracy. This study could serve as an effective means of predicting and estimating large-scale vegetation changes, as well as a monitoring tool for conservation areas on Belitung Island
Bird Community in Six Successional Stages of Habitats in Manokwari, Papua
Get PDFSuccession after disturbance can affect the response of the bird community at each stage of habitat succession. Research on the impact of succession on birds has never been done in Papua, so this research is needed to understand how birds can survive habitat changes. This study aimed to analyze bird communities and their responses to successional stages of habitats, i.e., shrubs, agriculture, mixed plantation forest, young secondary forest, old secondary forest, and primary forest. Data collection was done from January 2023 to October 2023. Bird data (species and numbers) were collected using the point count method. Vegetation data (species and density) were collected by using the plot method, and abiotic data (air temperature, humidity, and light intensity) were collected using a dry-wet thermometer and a lux meter. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H\u27) were calculated for birds and trees. Correlation of the bird data against habitat and abiotic parameters was calculated. There were 11,272 birds from 55 species belonging to 25 families in the study area. The young secondary forest had the highest bird number and diversity (44 species; H\u27 = 3,424), in line with the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Bird communities generally have a strong correlation with vegetation but a weak correlation with abiotic data. In light of conservation importance, young secondary forest held the highest bird species richness, while the primary forest provided habitat for some species that are highly dependent on natural forests
Quantitative Ethnobotany Approach on Local Food Plants in Banceuy Traditional Village, Subang Regency, West Java
Get PDFThe Sundanese people of West Java, Indonesia, are well known for consuming raw plants, which are part of their food culture and are called lalapan. West Java consists of several traditional villages, one of which is Banceuy Traditional Village, located in Subang Regency. Usually, discourse about food is inseparable from culture since every place has unique dishes and cultures. This study aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of the inventory of food plant data using quantitative ethnobotanical indices. The research method used semi-structured interviews with 32 informants that consisted of two key informants and field-guided observation accompanied by one of the key informants around the village to identify and collect the food plant specimens. A quantitative data analysis was carried out using ethnobotany indices, namely, the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), Use Values Index (UV), and Relative Frequency Citation (RFC). Banceuy indigenous people utilized 160 local food plant species belonging to 55 families. Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Zingiberaceae were the dominant food plant families. These plant species were utilized as sources of carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, spices, seeds, and beverages. The most applied food consumption manner by Banceuy indigenous people consisted of fresh food consumed, sauté, and boiling. Arenga pinnata had the highest ICS value (116) due to its utilization as seasoning and involvement in traditional rituals. Manihot esculenta and Carica papaya had the highest value in UV (1.81 & 1.69) and RFC (0.97) as they were used for daily consumption
Potential Habitats of Siamese Crocodiles and False Gharials in East Kalimantan for Conflict Resolution
Get PDFConcerns in crocodiles sustainability have long been overlooked, due to humans fear of its ferocity and unresolved human-crocodile conflicts. The siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) and false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) are considered threatened by the IUCN red list because of their limited range and declining populations. In this study we developed habitat suitability model for both species and overlaid with anthropogenic factors to mitigate conflict between crocodiles and human in Mesangat-Suwi Wetland, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We collected species presence from 2018–2023, measured environmental variables, interviewed 100 respondents, and mapped all information with Maximum Enthropy program (MaxEnt). Results showed that different factors influenced the habitat distribution for each species. Specifically, distance from swamps was affected the most for both crocodiles. Our model found that the potential habitat was much smaller than the non-potential ones due to humans’ intrusion. Much of the Mesangat-Suwi area was covered in high-conflict zones between humans and crocodiles, endangering both species even more. Hence, serious actions were urgently needed to resolve the conflict, either by prevention and mitigation actions, to ensure human-crocodile coexistence in East Kalimantan
Balancing Tourism and Conservation: The Role of Local Communities in Bali’s Ecotourism Management
Get PDFThis study examines key factors and interaction patterns influencing local community participation in Bali’s ecotourism management, responding to the persistent imbalance between tourism interests and nature conservation. It aims to provide policy and program recommendations that strengthen community roles in sustainable practices across five key sites: West Bali National Park, Buyan–Tamblingan, Bali Mangroves, Batur Kintamani, and Lembongan. This study aims to identify key factors influencing the role of local communities in Bali’s ecotourism management, providing targeted policy recommendations to enhance sustainable practices through a quantitative approach. The study utilizes structured questionnaires and direct observation among 250 residents from five different ecotourism areas. Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify the main drivers of community involvement. The results show strong local leadership, plenty of business openings, willingness for novelty, collaboration, and environmental awareness boost the level of participation leading to economic development through social cohesion and creating long-term commitment, on which government training, technical support, and funding role necessitate sustaining ecotourism enterprises. Novelty is empirically identifying such community-based factors with their linkages toward environmental protection within the unique context of Bali