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Agritourism as a Model for Subak Conservation in Bali
Get PDFThis research investigates the role of agritourism in conserving Subak Jatiluwih as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bali, based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy. This study seeks to investigate how agritourism operates as a device for the conservation of traditional agricultural landscapes when threatened by modernisation and tourism.The study employed an ethnographic case study involving fieldwork, interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Fieldwork was conducted from June to November 2024, using purposive sampling to gather insights from 20 informants, including Subak leaders, farmers, tourism actors, community representatives, government officials, and visitors, providing a comprehensive, multilevel understanding of Subak Jatiluwih. This study identified four critical means by which agritourism promotes conservation: institutional strengthening, ritual conservation, experiential engagement, and the equitable distribution of benefits. Agritourism ensures the continuity of traditional farming and contributes to the dissemination of spiritual-ecological values and the involvement of the youth and the population of the communities concerned. However, there have also been criticisms of issues ranging from unequal benefits to cultural commodification. This evidence-based study demonstrates that adaptive and inclusive governance are essential for achieving fair outcomes. The framework provides transferable lessons on how agritourism can mediate economic, ecological, and cultural interests in heritage landscapes and offers a template for other rural contexts in Southeast Asia and elsewhere
The Sumatran Tiger\u27s Corridor in Agam, West Sumatra: An Initial Analysis of the Metrics Indices Landscape
Get PDFIncreased habitat pressure is indicated by high levels of human-tiger conflict (HTC). For Sumatran tigers to survive, structural corridor management is essential to managing the tiger metapopulation. Since 2016, Agam Regency has seen a sharp rise in HTC. This exploratory study aimed to understand variations in the corridor\u27s forest cover and to evaluate the relationship between landscape metric indicators and fluctuations in HTC density. Agam\u27s corridor is separated into 31 grids (3x3km). HTC information was gathered from earlier studies and web searches for incidents from 2000 to 2024. Tropical Forest Monitoring\u27s landcover dataset was obtained through the use of a Google Earth Engine script. The LecoS plug-in is used to calculate landscape metric indices. For non-normally distributed data, the Spearman correlation statistic (95% CI) is employed. Before the HTC series in 2016, there was a twofold increase in deforestation, from 0.56% to 1.1% between 2010 and 2015. Nine landscape metrics, including forest area, forest proportion, NP, PD, GPA, LPI, PCI, and splitting index, exhibited a significant correlation with HTC density (p-value < 0.05). Around the corridor, high HTC density was associated with PD >10 patches km-2, LPI <44%, forest fraction <50.76%, and more disaggregated patches (PCI<9.79%). Since it may not be feasible to reduce HTC to zero incidents in the vicinity of human-dominated tiger habitats, expectations should be moderated, as lower HTC density occurs in wider landscape metric ranges. Improving PCI by aggregating patches and reducing NP while maintaining the remaining forest can potentially reduce HTC incidents and increase corridor function in tiger metapopulation management. The challenges are enormous, as 94% the corridor is in a non-protected area.
Tourism Suitability Index and Ecological Carrying Capacity in the Citepus, Karang Hawu, and Cikaso Beaches, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia is known as a country with the second-longest coastline in the world. This geological condition offers promising potential for coastal tourism. However, the potential of coastal tourism is not without its management challenges. This study was conducted to analyze the tourism suitability index and ecological carrying capacity of coastal tourism at Citepus, Karang Hawu, and Cikaso Beaches. The assessment was conducted for three tourism categories: beach recreation, swimming, and camping. The tourism suitability index was assessed based on 12 physical beach criteria, including beach type and width, substrate type, depth, water transparency, current velocity, wave height, beach slope, vegetation, the presence of dangerous biota, freshwater availability, and scenery diversity. The ecological carrying capacity of the tourism area was calculated based on the coastal area and the optimal ecotourism area criteria for each type of recreation. The study was conducted from April to June 2025. The results of the tourism suitability index assessment showed that Citepus and Cikaso Beaches were categorized as very suitable for all three tourism activities. In contrast, Karang Hawu Beach was categorized as very suitable for beach recreation, moderately suitable for swimming, and conditionally suitable for camping. The coastal ecological carrying capacity assessment varied by beach size. Citepus Beach can accommodate 503 tourists for beach recreation, 378 for swimming, and 1,558 for camping. Karang Hawu Beach can accommodate 403 tourists for recreation, 302 for swimming, and 1,171 for camping. Cikaso Beach can accommodate 269 tourists for beach recreation, 201 for swimming, and 957 for camping
Economic Impact of Community Activities in Ruteng Nature Tourism Park Area, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Get PDFThis study addresses a gap in understanding the specific economic impacts of community engagement in Ruteng Nature Tourism Park (TWA Ruteng) on local livelihoods. While prior research highlights general benefits of tourism, limited attention has been given to the direct economic activities and their outcomes within TWA Ruteng. The objectives of this research are to analyze the economic activities of the Ngkiong Ndora Village community and evaluate their effects on household income. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review. Participants were categorized into three strata based on land ownership: 34 respondents in stratum I, 60 in stratum II, and 12 in stratum III. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of economic dynamics. The results reveal that the community engages in land cultivation, wood utilization, and the exploitation of non-timber resources. These activities have a significant positive economic impact, contributing 76.44% to household income and increasing income levels by 76.94%. This study offers novel insights into the interaction between local communities and nature tourism parks, particularly in Indonesia. It highlights the importance of integrating community involvement into tourism development strategies and illustrates how such engagement can yield substantial economic benefits. Additionally, it provides empirical evidence to inform policies that balance conservation efforts with local economic development, ensuring sustainability and improved livelihoods
Diverse Habitat Types Support High Bird Diversity in Jali River Estuary, Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThe Jali River estuary a compact 5.45-hectare mosaic of nine habitat types on Java\u27s south coast, was surveyed from March to May 2023 to assess its avian diversity and community structure. Using point counts (n=12 points, 3 replicates) conducted during low tide periods, we recorded 229 individual encounters representing 41 species from 19 families. The estuary exhibited high overall bird diversity (Shannon-Wiener H\u27 = 3.212 ± 0.102) with moderate evenness (E\u27 = 0.605). Standardized encounter rates varied across habitats, with the River and Pandanus stand showing the highest values. Analysis of community similarity (Bray-Curtis index) revealed five distinct ecological clusters, demonstrating that bird assemblage composition was driven more by habitat structure and resource availability than by spatial proximity. This was further supported by NMDS ordination (stress = 0.14) and SIMPER analysis, which identified key indicator species such as the Zitting Cisticola for open terrestrial clusters and the Cerulean Kingfisher for mangroves. The estuary\u27s significant conservation value is highlighted by the presence of eight species protected under Indonesian law (PERMENLHK P.106/2018), including the globally Endangered Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris) and the Vulnerable Christmas Frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi). These findings underscore that even small, heterogeneous estuaries can support high avian diversity and serve as vital refuges for threatened species, necessitating targeted conservation strategies focused on preserving critical habitats like mudflats, river corridors, and Casuarina stands
Application of eDNA Technology to Assess Phytoplankton Diversity in the Ciliwung Downstream Area, Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFRivers have the potential for enormous flows of water, nutrients, and food that can create habitats for various living creatures. However, the flow of pollutants into estuaries and coastal areas can degrade environmental conditions in downstream areas of the river. Numerous studies have highlighted the loss of aquatic species due to increased stressors and pollutants in heavily contaminated rivers. This manuscript aims to analyze the phytoplankton diversity in three stations (natural riparian, concreted riparian, and estuary) of the Ciliwung River in Jakarta. Using environmental DNA (eDNA), we identified and compared the number of phytoplankton families and read sequences with various water quality parameters. The results showed that each station consists of 16, 13, and 20 families with 11,257; 75,963; and 37,339 read sequences, respectively. The study showed that phytoplankton family diversity in Stations 1 and 2 correlates with water pollution levels (lightly to extremely polluted). In contrast, Station 3 exhibited an unusual pattern, with high family diversity despite declining water quality
Two Sides of a Coin: Do Genders Affect Human-Orangutan Interactions in Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Central Kalimantan?
Get PDFCommonly, studies of human-primate interactions dwelled into general human impacts on primates. However, human gender differences might be a deeper factor to study regarding human’s perception and acceptance on primates. We investigated the influences of human gender differences on human and orangutan bi-directional receptions and analyzed the formed interactions between the two, located in Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Central Kalimantan. We conducted interviews with 30 locals by using snowball and convenience sampling techniques, with some criteria applied. This study unveiled that orangutans displayed more promoting behaviors than inhibiting ones, suggesting that they displayed some tolerance on human’s presence around them. On the flipside, local villagers perceived orangutans differently between men and women, specifically when confronted by orangutans. We found some significant relations between human genders and orangutan behaviours, suggesting that orangutans migt view humans differently from their genders. These relations should result in correspondingly different forms of human-orangutan interactions. This study proposed a good input for designing suitable socioeconomic approaches for better orangutan conservation programs involving locals in Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
Analysis of the Golden Ratio on Flowers as an Ecotourism Interpretation in Sukabumi Region
Get PDFThe beauty of flowers holds significant appeal for tourists seeking to experience nature. This aesthetic quality can be quantified using the golden ratio, a numerical value associated with beauty. Understanding the golden ratio in flowers offers a fascinating way to enrich ecotourism interpretations for both tourists and flower enthusiasts in Indonesia. This knowledge can transform how visitors appreciate the natural beauty around them. This exploratory research aims to determine the golden ratio\u27s position in 150 flowers found in the Sukabumi Region. A quantitative approach is used to measure and analyze to obtain a comparison that produces a golden ratio value so that the aesthetic value of each flower found in the Sukabumi Region can be known. The results of the golden ratio values were found in nine different variations of the comparison between the morphologies. The golden ratio value on flowers can be used for ecotourism interpretation and adding knowledge regarding the importance of the value of beauty so that it can be managed as a source of tourist attraction in the Sukabumi area
Wildlife Trade Governance and Zoonosis: Missing Link From Forest to Market Place
No full textIndonesia is a major hub for domestic and international wildlife trade. Illegal and unregulated trade threatens species survival and public health through potential zoonotic disease transmission. Effective governance, including strengthened legislation and enforcement, is essential to address these issues. This paper scrutinizes the laws and policies governing wildlife trade and zoonosis prevention in Indonesia, spotlighting the regulatory path from source to marketplace transactions. By analyzing existing regulations, both at the national and local levels, with a focus on Jakarta and Bandung as case studies for local regulation, this study aims to clarify the management of legal wildlife trade, the responsible actors, and their legal duties throughout the chain. The findings underscore a disconnect exists between upstream monitoring and downstream marketplace activities. Furthermore, the discussion reveals a critical regulatory loophole- the lack of regulations addressing standards for a healthy non-livestock wildlife market and the often-overlooked role of local government agencies, which, despite playing a marginalized role in wildlife trade monitoring strategies, are the forefront of zoonosis surveillance and monitoring duty
Diversity of Butterflies (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera) in Three Habitat Types of Forest Edge Area of Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Get PDFThe limited information on butterfly responses to urbanization, particularly in Indonesia, prompted this study, which aims to assess butterfly diversity in different habitats (forest edge, residential areas, and community plantations) within the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park, specifically in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra. Observations of plantation habitats were conducted in Aras Napal Hamlet, a buffer zone area, and Bukit Mas Village plantations. This exploratory study, conducted in September 2023, used the Point Count method with 18 points in residential and plantation habitats and 8 points in forest edge habitats. Each count point had a 5-meter radius with 10 minutes of observation, repeated twice daily (08.00–12.00 and 13.00–17.00), and the distance between points was 100 m. A total of 2,536 individuals from 89 species and seven families were recorded, with Nymphalidae being the most dominant family (44 species, 687 individuals). Extrapolation using the iNEXT package shows higher diversity in forest edge as well. At the same time, Residential areas provide a more diverse environment regarding species, while the Forest Edge exhibits the lowest diversity. This study highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity in maintaining butterfly diversity in buffer zones affected by human activities. In conclusion, species diversity is highest in residential areas, followed by plantations, and lowest in forest edges