JURNAL KIMIA MULAWARMAN
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UJI BIOAKTIVITAS PADA EKSTRAK KASAR ETANOL, FRAKSI n-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL-AIR DARI DAUN ANDONG (Cordyline terminalis Kunth)
Get PDFPhytochemical, brine shrimp lethality and antibacterial activity tests in each fraction from Andong leaves extract(Cordyline terminalis Kunth) that came fromUnmul Samarinda botanical garden, Kalimantan Timur has been carried out. The leaf was extracted with ethanol andconcentrated by using rotaryevaporator. The crudeethanol extract was fractioned with n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Based on the secondary metabolites phytochemical test of the Cordyline terminalis Kunth leaves show that crudeethanol extract is contain phenol, saponin and steroid.n-hexane fraction iscontain steroid.Ethylacetate fraction is contain phenol and steroid. And ethanol-water fraction is contain phenol and saponin. Brine shrimp lethality test exhibit mortality rate of Artemiasalina (L) by Probit SAS analysis to determine lethal concentration 50% (LC 50 ) value. The test showed that the most active wascrudeethanol extract with LC 50 value of 26.8788 ppm. Antibacteria activity test of extracts for Bacillus cereus bacteria (positiveGram) andEscherichia coli (negativeGram) were carried out by paper disk method. The test showed that the most active were ethyl acetate extract with minimum inhibitor consentration of 2-10% which clear zone diameter was 6,4 mm on Bacillus cereus bacteria and 6 mm on Escherichia colibacteria.Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacteria activity, LC 5
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI BUAH DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM Durio zibethinus Murr SEEDS BY DPPH METHOD
Get PDFDurian fruit already famous enough in Indonesian society. Not only the content of the fruit, but Durian also have many advantage for example the seed, leather, root and the leaves that useful for human healthy. Then, phytochemical screening test and antioxidant activity test. Antioxidant activity test use scavenging test to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhidrazil (DPPH) radical. On antioxidant activity test, mix of extract and DPPH are incubate for 30 minutes, then the absorbance is measured on λ = 514 nm using spectrophotometer. The absorbance from sample, blank, and negative control are converted as Antioxidant Activity Absorbance (AA%). Based on result of phytochemical ethanol extract, Durian steud contain of fenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, and tryterpenoid. Based on antioxidant activity test with DPPH radical scavenging method by spectrophotometer. Ethanol extract of Durian has antioxidant activity about EC 50 23,10 μg/mL and Vitamin C as comparison has antioxidant about EC 50 3,76 μg/mL.
Keywords: Durian seed, phytochemical, antioxidant activity, DPP
ADSORPSI LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd) OLEH ARANG AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG AREN (Arenga pinnata) DENGAN AKTIVATOR HCl
Get PDFThe adsorption of cadmium (Cd2+) by palm shell carbon (Arenga pinnata) activated carbon have been researched. This research is aim to find the effects of pH value, contact time and concentration. In this research, the variations of pH value was (2 – 7), contact time (5 – 70 minutes) and concentration (1,5 – 3,5 mg/L) were applied. The determination of cadmium concentration used an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of this research shows that pal shell activated carbon could adsorp metal ion Cd 2+ . The optimum condition was achieved at the pH 3 with a capacity factor of adsorbent was 2,372 mg/L or 94,92%, contact time was 30 minutes with a capacity factor of adsorbent was 2,327 mg/L or 93,12% and concentration was achieved at the concentration 3,5 mg/L with a capacity factor of adsorbent was 3,321 mg/L or 94,91%.Keywords: adsorption, actived carbon, palm shell, metal ions Cd 2
PENGGUNAAN MONOMER NAFION SEBAGAI PEMBAWA PROTON (H + ) DENGAN METODE TEORI FUNGSI KERAPATAN
Get PDFResearch which has been conducted in this study aims to determine the use of the compound as a Nafion membrane in a Proton Exchange Membrane system (PEM) Fuel Cells which acts as a proton exchange (H + ). After assessment and computational chemistry calculations by calculating the value of energy optimization and molecular orbital energies obtained in the form of the HOMO and LUMO energy. Value calculation is done by using the calculation method of Density Function Theory (density function theory). The analysis showed Nafion energy value of -0.04358 x 10-18 J and Nafion after bringing energy protons (H+) of -0.07629 x 10-18 J. In this case proved that the PEM system of exchanging protons (H + ) is characterized by the presence of increased energy electron activity.Keywords : Proton Exchange Membrane, Fuel Cells, Nafion, Proton (H + ), the activity of electrons, density functional theory, the energy of the HOMO, LUMO energy
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI TANAMAN MERKUBUNG (Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll) Mull. Arg.) DENGAN EKSTRAK TOTAL, FRAKSI n-HEKSANA, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL AIR TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFPhytochemical tests, mortality of larvae shrimp (brine shrimp lethality test) and the antibacterial activity of theleaf merkubung (Macaranga gigantea Rchb.f. & Zoll.) With various factions has been conducted. Merkubung leafsamples were extracted with ethanol and concentrated by using rotary evaporator. The total extract was fractionatedwith n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The results of phytochemical compounds secondary metabolites merkubung leavesshowed that the total extract are contains alkaloids, phenolics and steroids. n-hexane fraction are containing alkaloids,flavonoids and steroids. Ethyl acetate faction are containing flavonoids and steroids. Ethanol-water faction is containingphenolic compounds. Shrimp larvae mortality trials showed mortality rates of larvae of Artemia salina (L) by usingSAS Probit analysis to determine the value of Lethal Concentration 50 % (LC50). The test shows that the most toxicfraction is the total extract with LC50 values of 459.8414 ppm. The test of antibacterial activity using paper disc methodand shows that the most active faction is the total extract with a MIC (Minimmum Inhibitor Concentration) of 1 % is6.5 mm diameter clear zone on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and 6.25 mm in the bacterium Escherichia coli(Gram negativ).Keywords : Macaranga gigantea Rchb.f. & Zoll., phytochemical test, Antibacteria activity test, LC50
UJI AKTIVITAS PERASAN BUAH MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L) SEBAGAI BIOLARVASIDA TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti L
Get PDFDemam Berdarah Dengue (Dengue Hemorragic Fever/DHF) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dengan manifestasi klinis demam, nyeri otot, dan nyeri sendi yang disertai leukopenia, ruam, limfadenopati, dan trombositopenia. Penularan infeksi virus dengue terjadi melalui vektor nyamuk genus Aedes sp. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh laeliyatun dkk (2006) buah mentimun diduga mengandung senyawa saponin dan alkaloid sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas larvasida perasan buah mentimun terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Perasan buah mentimun dibuat dengan cara memeras sari buahnya. Konsentrasi sediaan uji yang digunakan yaitu 10, 20, 40, dan 80% (v/v). Pengujian larvasida dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan 10 ekor larva instar III dan IV awal ke dalam perasan buah mentimun, kontrol positif berupa abate konsentrasi 10, 20, 40, dan 60% (b/v) sebagai kontrol positif dan air PDAM adalah kontrol negatif. Perlakuan didiamkan selama 24 jam dan diamati jumlah larva yang mati kemudian dilakukan replikasi sebanyak 2 kali. Hasil perhitungan nilai LC50 dari perasan buah mentimun sebesar 43,06 dengan menggunakan metode analisis perhitungan Probit Miller - Tainner. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perasan buah mentimun memiliki aktivitas sebagai larvasida.
Kata Kunci: Buah Mentimun, Biolarvasida, Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA KOTOR (DIRTY COAL) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION LOGAM Cd 2+ DAN Pb 2+ DALAM LARUTAN
Get PDFThe research of activated carbon utilization of dirty coal as an adsorbent ion cadmium (Cd) and plumbum (Pb) has been done. In this research, the variations of solutions pH value (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), contact time (5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes), and the variation of concentration (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) were applied. The determination of cadmium and plumbum ion concentraction used an Atomic Absorption Specthrometer (AAS). The optimum condition cadmium ion on pH 4, than in the plumbum on pH 5 with optimum time contact is 15 minutes and the maximum adsorptive capacity cadmium ion in value is 2,90 mg/g, than on plumbum ion is 3,08 mg/g.Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Dirty Coal, Cadmium, Plumbum, Ion, Solutio
STUDI KUANTUM FARMAKOLOGI SENYAWA TURUNAN SULFONAMIDA 2,4 DIAMINO 6 QUINAZOLINE SEBAGAI ANTIMALARIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AB INITIO
Get PDFTelah diterapkan metode berbasis Ab-Initio dalam suatu analisa QSAR (Quantum Structure Activity Relationship) untuk dapat membuktikan dimana letak pusat aktif senyawa sulfonamida yang telah diketahui nilai persen aktivitasnya secara eksperimen laboratorium. Terdapat tiga tahapan komputasi
dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, komputasi struktur elektron semua senyawa yang terlibat dalam 16 substiuen senyawa beserta nilai R dari masing-masing senyawa dalamrangka memperoleh struktur optimum serta nila momen dwikutub dan muatan bersih senyawa-senyawa tersebut. Kedua, teknik analisa data dengan pembuatan model kuantum farmakologi dari kombinasi variabel atom-atom yang selalu terdapat pada 16 senyawa tersebut. Ketiga, analisa regresi multilinear dengan menggunakan beberapa parameter statistik seperti koefisien korelasi (r dan r 2 ) dan standar estimasi (SE). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Ab-Initio berhasil membuktikan daerah pusat aktif senyawa sulfonamida dengan n= 16, R= 0,99, dan nilai SE= 0,08 menunjukkan hubungan kuantitatif yang nyata terhadap antiplasmodial dengan model persamaan terbaik sebagai berikut : log A = 13,10(±0,04)qC1 – 193,21qC2 + 95,47C3 – 63,18qC4 – 2,54qC5 +151,38qC6 + 9,33(±0,02)qC7 + 30,32(±0,02)qC8 – 2,91qO1 – 0,04(±0,66)qO2 +72,37(±0,03)qN1 – 108,91(±0,03)qN1 + 2,96qS + 1,01(±0,04)?
Kata kunci: Sulfonamida, Antimalaria, Qsar, Regressi, Ab-Initi
PEMANFAATAN ABU BATUBARA SEBAGAI ZEOLIT YANG TERDEALUMINASI DALAM MENGADSORPSI FENOL
Get PDFA research on the adsorption of phenol with zeolite adsorbent is formed from coal ash by hydrothermal process with the fusion method. In addition, the improvement in the ability of zeolite adsorbtion on the zeolite dealimination process is done. Phenol adsorption process is done through a batch shaker method with test parameters pH, contact time and adsorption capacity factor. The measurement results for the phenol optimum conditions were at pH 10 with a contact time of 30 minutes with the value of the phenol capacity of zeolite was 1,1853 mg/g were obtained using Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation.Keywords : Zeolite of coal ash, dealumination, adsorption, phenol
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA STEROID FRAKSI KLOROFORM DARI FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KEREHAU (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.)
Get PDFKerehau (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is one of the biodiversity used as traditional medicine by one of the indigenous tribes of Borneo, called Dayak Tunjung. The purpose of this study was to determine about toxicity level of the Kerehau leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) to larvae shrimps (Artemia Salina Leach) and to determine the content of the active compounds contained in the Kerehau leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.). The research was conducted by extracting samples with methanol and then concentrated by rotary evaporator. Total extract fractionated with n-hexane and chloroform, and then column chromatography applicated to chloroform fraction. Phytochemicals and BSLT have been test to Isolates chromatography results, total extract and chloroform extracts to determine the level of toxicity, FTIR analysis was also performed to isolate the results of Chromatography. Based on the results test of phytochemical compounds secondary metabolites of Kerehau leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) indicated that the methanol extract containing steroid compounds, phenolics, and flavonoids. Chloroform fractions containing flavonoids and steroid compounds. Isolates Chloroform fraction containing Steroids compounds. On Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, death of larvae shrimps (Artemia Salina Leach) were recorded and processed using SAS Probit analysis to determine the value of Lethal Concentration (LC50) to the value of each is, in chloroform isolates with LC50 values of 96.4096 ppm, chloroform extract had LC50 values of 104.1878 ppm and methanol extract had LC50 values of 485.1681 ppm. In Chloroform fraction separation and purification using column chromatography and recrystallization techniques to produce pure compound that is found in fractions A.f. The compounds were characterized by FTIR spectrometer spectroscopy. Based on FTIR analysis of the isolates showed chloroform fraction compound characterization using IR spectrophotometer is IR λmaks cm -1 : 3248.12; 2862.36; 2939.52; 2607.76; 2345.44; 1458.18;1496.76; 1597.06; 1172.72; 1226.73; 1288.45; 1658.78; 1095.57; 1002.98, and 941.26. Based on the results obtained isolates suspected compound is a steroid class of sterols.Keywords : Kerehau, Callicarpa longifolia Lam., toxicity test, Phytochemical test, chloroform, and Steroi