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Computational Antitrust Worldwide: Fourth Cross-Agency Report
No full textThis fourth-annual report distils insights from 25 antitrust agencies and shows a shared, global move toward data-centered enforcement. Agencies highlight three converging priorities: first, the deployment of AI and advanced analytics that range from bid-rigging screens to graph neural networks to detect cartels, merger risks and other infringements; second, investment in robust data infrastructure such as web-scrape pipelines, procurement databases and secure e-discovery systems that convert vast public and corporate datasets into reliable evidence; and third, deep institutional change led by new digital units, open-source collaborations and practitioner toolkits that embed computational methods in everyday competition policy. Three key challenges stand out: the necessity of secure cloud computing, the need to ensure the explainability of deployed computational tools, and the imperative to improve human-machine interaction
Continuities in Policies and Turnover Among Actors: Instrument Constituencies in French Primary Care Reforms
No full textInternational audienceOver the past decade, the concept of “instrument constituency” has been proposed as a way in which to bridge studies on policy networks and policy instruments. This concept focuses on policy networks composed of diverse actors who are brought together by the shared goal of promoting a specific instrument. In this study, we examine who is involved in policy instruments development, and the extent to which they drive change within the policy process. To do so, we focus on the case of two care coordination instruments, namely, the IPEP and PEPS, used in the French healthcare system. Drawing on qualitative methods, we identify the actors involved in the development of the two instruments. Our analysis reveals the formation of two instrument constituencies around the IPEP and PEPS. This finding suggests that the continuity of primary care policies is supported through these instruments, fostering shared approaches among the actors involved.Durante la última década, se ha propuesto el concepto de “grupo de actores instrumentales” como una forma de conectar los estudios sobre redes de políticas e instrumentos de política. Este concepto se centra en redes de políticas compuestas por diversos actores unidos por el objetivo común de promover un instrumento específico. En este estudio, examinamos quiénes participan en el desarrollo de instrumentos de política y en qué medida impulsan el cambio dentro del proceso político. Para ello, nos centramos en el caso de dos instrumentos de coordinación de la atención, a saber, el IPEP y el PEPS, utilizados en el sistema de salud francés. Basándonos en métodos cualitativos, identificamos a los actores involucrados en el desarrollo de ambos instrumentos. Nuestro análisis revela la formación de dos grupos de actores instrumentales en torno al IPEP y el PEPS. Este hallazgo sugiere que la continuidad de las políticas de atención primaria se ve respaldada por estos instrumentos, fomentando enfoques compartidos entre los actores involucrados
Web Crawler Restrictions, AI Training Datasets & Political Biases
No full textLarge language models rely on web-scraped text for training; concurrently, content creators are increasingly blocking AI crawlers to retain control over their data. We analyze crawler restrictions across the top one million most-visited websites since 2023 and examine their potential downstream effects on training data composition. Our analysis reveals growing restrictions, with blocking patterns varying by website popularity and content type. A quarter of the top thousand websites restrict AI crawlers, decreasing to one-tenth across the broader top million. Content type matters significantly: 34.2% of news outlets disallow OpenAI's GPTBot, rising to 55% for outlets with high factual reporting. Additionally, outlets with neutral political positions impose the strongest restrictions (58%), whereas hyperpartisan websites and those with low factual reporting impose fewer restrictions -only 4.1% of right-leaning outlets block access to OpenAI. Our findings suggest that heterogeneous blocking patterns may skew training datasets toward low-quality or polarized content, potentially affecting the capabilities of models served by prominent AI-as-a-Service providers
The Impact of Generational Change on Votes for the French Populist Radical Right
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From social to ‘affordable’. The financialization of publicly subsidised housing in France
No full textInternational audienc
L’Europe dans le maelström des nouvelles conflictualités
No full textInternational audiencePartout dans le monde, l’influence de l’Europe connaît un recul majeur. En tant que bastion démocratique ouvert à la circulation des idées, elle est particulièrement exposée à la guerre informationnelle en cours. L’espace géopolitique méconnu que forment le Caucase et l’Asie centrale offre une illustration marquante des campagnes de manipulation déployées dans le but d’affaiblir le rôle stratégique de l’Europe. Une redistribution des cartes que renforce la pression exercée par le trio étatsunien hostile Trump-Vance-Musk dans un sens très favorable au Kremlin
Streaming Platforms, Filter Bubbles, and Cultural Inequalities. How Online Services Increase Consumption Diversity
No full textInternational audienceDo digital technologies affect diversity in cultural tastes? Digital sociologists have warned of “filter bubbles,” whereas sociologists of culture have shown that diversity in consumption is valued as a marker of upper-middle-class status. We estimate the effect of using streaming platforms on the diversity of cultural consumption using a matching technique applied to 2018 survey data from France. We find a statistically significant positive effect of using streaming platforms on the diversity of cultural consumption as well as on cosmopolitanism, on three domains, music, movies, and TV shows. The magnitude of this effect is much higher for TV shows. The study brings new evidence against the filter bubble thesis; it shows that platforms do reinforce cultural inequalities by increasing the social gap in consumption diversity. It further suggests that the effect of technology on cultural consumption might mainly operate through its impact on cultural markets rather than changes in cultural experience
Las elecciones en la República Dominicana: continuidad política
No full textInternational audienceLas elecciones generales, celebradas el 19 de mayo de 2024, estuvieron precedidas el 18 de febrero por elecciones municipales. Al igual que en 2020, las elecciones municipales fueron un anticipo de las generales. El partido gobernante, el Partido Revolucionario Moderno (PRM), ganó las elecciones por un amplio margen, obteniendo 120 de los 158 consejos municipales en juego. La victoria de Carolina Mejía, alcaldesa de Santo Domingo y secretaria del PRM, con 61 % de los votos, fue un símbolo de continuidad. Sin embargo, hay que señalar dos puntos: la participación relativamente baja (sólo el 46,7% de los votantes inscritos) y la fuerza de los partidos de la oposición en algunos municipios del interior (La Vega, por ejemplo). Las elecciones, que se celebran en la República Dominicana cada cuatro años, tradicionalmente en mayo, comprenden las elecciones legislativas (Cámara de Diputados y Senado), la elección de diputados al Parlamento Centroamericano (Parlacen) y la elección presidencial. En 2024, el electorado no mostró mucho entusiasmo por estas elecciones, ya que el partido parecía decidido de antemano..
Weaving Political Time in Morocco: The Imaginary of the State in the Neoliberal Age
No full textInternational audienceAnalyses of state power in Morocco have always been mired in exoticism or exceptionalism. The Kingdom is said to be a prototype of political immobility; a country caught in the authoritarian and conservative grip of its monarch, known as the ‘Commander of the Faithful’; a state in need of democratisation, but also a bastion of moderate Islam.Drawing on thirty years of fieldwork, interviews and extensive primary documentation, Béatrice Hibou and Mohamed Tozy reveal how demographic, political and cultural changes have transformed Morocco’s government and modes of domination, from its pre-colonial past to the present. Interrogating the ideas of ‘Empire’ and ‘Nation-state’ as particular forms of rule, they examine the legacy of the centuries-long Sharifian Empire, in relation to the contemporary neoliberal government. They show how imperial traditions and the modern state co-exist today, in an intricate tapestry of seemingly contradictory power relations, different understandings of legitimacy, and competing visions of authority, sovereignty and responsibility.Drawing on the work of Max Weber and Michel Foucault, Weaving Political Time in Morocco is a comprehensive, comparative examination of the evolution and continuities of state power in this complex North African country
