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When Political Pivots Shift Behaviors but Not Beliefs: Evidence from Trump’s Position Reversal over Facemasks during the COVID-19 Crisis
No full textInternational audiencePolitical leaders play a potentially important role shaping behaviors and beliefs during crises. In the pandemic, a number of high-status politicians, notably leaders of populist parties, were seen to diminish compliance with institutional recommendations by casting doubt on COVID guidelines. But what happens when such leaders change position and endorse previously discouraged behaviors? Using longitudinal data from the Understanding Coronavirus in America panel with fixed-effects modeling, this article examines how Trump’s unexpected endorsement of facemasks in July 2020 affected individuals’ likelihood of wearing a facemask and belief in masks’ efficacy. I find that Trump’s pivot lifted Republicans’ use of facemasks, closing 40 percent of the preexisting gap with Democrats and with stronger effects among individuals who were more exposed to the early-summer spike in COVID cases. Additionally, I provide evidence for the unique significance of this moment in the history of the pandemic, showing that at almost no other time did partisan behaviors converge as sharply. However, in contrast to expectations from most dominant theoretical models of behavioral change, especially the health belief model, no corresponding shift in beliefs about facemasks can be detected. These results have important theoretical implications for understanding how pivots can shape behaviors during crises, the validity of existing models in public health, pandemic populism’s causes, and directions of future research
L'Eurasie entre Poutine et Trump, un ordre régional à nouveau bouleversé
No full textInternational audienceAlors qu’elle entre dans sa cinquième année, on ne discerne aucun signe d’achèvementimminent de la guerre menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine. Le retour au pouvoir de Donald Trump, qui avait pourtant promis d’y mettre rapidement un terme, n’a pas modifié la situation sur le terrain. Ses initiatives de médiation favorisent la Russie, pourtant seule responsable de l’agression. Dans ce contexte, les dynamiques déclenchées par ce conflit, notamment la fragmentation progressive de l’espace eurasiatique au profit d’un nouvel ordre régional, vont sans doute perdurer en 2026
A megastudy of behavioral interventions to catalyze public, political, and financial climate advocacy
No full textInternational audienceAddressing climate change depends on large-scale system changes, which require public advocacy. Here, we identified and tested 17 expert-crowdsourced theory-informed behavioral interventions designed to promote public, political, and financial advocacy in a large quota-matched sample of US residents (n = 31,324). The most consistently effective intervention emphasized both the collective efficacy and emotional benefits of climate action, increasing advocacy by up to 10 percentage points. This was also the top intervention among participants identifying as Democrats. Appealing to binding moral foundations, such as purity and sanctity, was also among the most effective interventions, showing positive effects even among participants identifying as Republicans. These findings provide critical insights to policymakers and practitioners aiming to galvanize the public behind collective action and advocacy on climate change with affordable and scalable interventions
Multidisciplinary science funding is more than ever a planetary priority: Reflections from the Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) program
No full textInternational audienceGlobal change poses “wicked problems” that have become ever more complex, pervasive, and damaging. Developing innovative solutions increasingly require diverse research approaches. The Franco-German Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) program was designed to create a unique international network of top-level research, from fundamental to solution-oriented projects. MOPGA stands out from other large research initiatives by focusing not on a singular central research challenge but on facilitating multidisciplinary interactions between traditionally separated fields. MOPGA recognized that social, natural and engineering sciences share a unifying aim to address global change. In addition to addressing timely and innovative research questions within disciplines, MOPGA worked to improve communication across disciplines via annual meetings for all laureates and their research groups, scientific board exchanges, and public online seminars. Drawing on our MOPGA experiences, we discuss how such exchanges should be extended to meet the needs identified by the scientific community, international policy-makers, and regional stakeholders. In the current political landscape of scientific suppression and heightened mistrust in scientific expertise, the need for such bold, independent and collaborative scientific initiatives is greater than ever
Entre el Estado social y subsidiario: evolución histórica de la justicia sanitaria en Chile (1940–2025)
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Salud Colectiva: Pública y Comunitaria
No full textInternational audienceEste libro apunta a desarrollar la noción de justicia sanitaria a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Abarca enfoques de sociología histórica, de las profesiones, de la migración y de la participación popular. Su ambición es demostrar que la salud colectiva no puede analizarse de manera aislada de la justicia social. Un sistema de salud forma parte de una concepción de lo “justo” en una sociedad. Desde la tesis de Michel Foucault (1997) sobre el nacimiento de la biopolítica, que parte del cambio estructural de las sociedades modernas –en las cuales “se hace vivir y dejar morir” y no “se hace morir y dejar vivir”–, la salud colectiva ha adquirido un estrecho vínculo con la política, ya sea institucional o presente en las prácticas cotidianas
Seeing in the dark: Towards a broad construction of the access to data provisions of the DSA
No full textInternational audienceThe Digital Services Act (DSA) is the most ambitious effort taken by liberal democratic nations to regulate social media platforms. One of the main ways it does this is by establishing various transparency obligations applicable to all platforms and search engines, as well as a specific transparency and data-sharing regime for the largest platforms and search engines, defined by the number of users. Specifically, Article 40 of the DSA grants vetted researchers access to data "for the sole purpose of conducting research that contributes to the detection, identification and understanding of systemic risks in the Union. " This article argues that Article 40's requirement for the requested data to be "necessary and proportionate" to conduct a specific type of research may hinder effective research. Indeed, researchers have been denied broad access -or any access to data -on privacy or confidentiality grounds before (Bontcheva, 2024). Consequently, researchers have limited prior knowledge of social media impacts and thus may have limited knowledge about what data, exactly, they need. Drawing on cutting-edge social media research, we explain why vetted researchers may thus need broad access to social media data to meet the objectives of the DSA. More specifically, we argue that researchers need access to system-level data, meaning data that captures how an entire digital system or platform operates, not just the activity of individual users. Consequently, we propose an interpretation of the DSA's data request requirements that would enable researchers to study the online political landscape of EU member states effectively
The working-class household economy. Frugality, discipline, and strategies
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter focuses on the budget organisation and consumption habits of the working classes. The aim is to highlight and analyse the economic and social logics at work in the balancing of the domestic economy of working-class households. After the Second World War in Japan and France, and from the 1990s onwards in China, the three countries entered a new consumption regime characterised by a new organisation of production, innovative forms of commercialisation, a change in the distribution of income between social groups, a change in the composition of household budgets, new market structures and a new culture of consumption. In this chapter, rather than macroeconomic or macrosocial arrangements, we focus on economic rationalities as experienced in the realities of everyday life. We therefore analyse the economic practices and representations of social agents as they form a system, while restoring the conditions of possibility in which they are established
Crisis, Adaptation, and Territorial Food Resilience: A Reflexive Account of the SAR-Li ’s Methodological Journey
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter offers a reflexive account of SAR-Li (Système Alimentaire Résilient et Durable au Liban, 2022–2024), a Franco-Lebanese research project conducted against the backdrop of Lebanon’s prolonged crisis. Positioned at the intersection of territorial development, food system resilience, and governance in times of institutional collapse, the project sought to identify the key adaptations and transformations emerging from overlapping crises across four levels: public policies, territorial systems, alternative food initiatives, and consumer practices. Its overarching aim was to generate grounded recommendations for a more resilient and sustainable food system in Lebanon.SAR-Li employed a deliberately flexible and plural methodology, designed to accommodate the uncertainties of a highly unstable context. Its multi-method approach was structured around three analytical axes: (1) a systemic diagnosis of Lebanon’s food governance and infrastructure, (2) two territorial case studies in Zahlé and Bourj Hammoud, and (3) an in-depth analysis of socially innovative food practices at multiple scales. Methods included mapping, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and reflexive tools that bridged local and international frameworks.Rather than following a fixed design, the methodology was continuously adapted in response to political instability, territorial fragmentation, and shifting actor landscapes. This pragmatism enabled the project to capture both adaptive and transformative strategies while maintaining dialogue with diverse stakeholders, from municipal authorities to informal networks. At the same time, the interdisciplinary composition of the team—spanning geography, planning, agronomy, and social sciences—shaped its capacity to engage with actors and integrate socio-ecological perspectives into the analysis.Drawing from SAR-Li’s methodological journey, the chapter reflects on the opportunities and tensions involved in assembling diverse methods, disciplines, and territorial scales in a crisis context. It argues that in fragile states, methodological diversity is not simply a technical choice but a political one: it determines what is rendered visible, whose voices are included, and which trajectories of resilience are imagined. In line with the objectives of the edited volume, the chapter contributes to broader debates on how situated, flexible, and interdisciplinary approaches can strengthen urban and regional food research in contexts of prolonged crisis and hybrid governance