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Decentralization, Europeanization, State Restructuring, and the Politics of Instruments Accumulation: The Case of the French Housing Sector
No full textInternational audienceThis paper advances research on policy accumulation by analyzing its political consequences in the French housing sector. It argues that, in the context of decentralization reforms, the accumulation of policy instruments has undermined national steering capacities and intensified territorial inequalities. Decentralization accelerated accumulation by decoupling policy formulation from the costs and administrative responsibilities of implementation, shifting these burdens onto subnational governments. The resulting proliferation of instruments politicized implementation, as local authorities confronted capacity-driven trade-offs between adhering to national directives and pursuing local policies, while simultaneously gaining opportunities to innovate and build coalitions with non-state actors. Consequenty, local governments in economically dynamic areas could strategically leverage policy accumulation to advance their interests, whereas those in less affluent regions faced administrative overload. By adopting an institutional perspective on policy instruments, this paper shows how accumulation research can foreground the political consequences of accumulation, which increasingly shape the problem-solving capacities and legitimacy of modern state
Le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne, 4° édition
No full textInternational audienceFace aux défis géopolitiques, économiques et sociétaux du XXIe siècle, l'Union européenne s’est profondément transformée. La question démocratique s’est imposée comme un enjeu central, complexifiant tant la réforme des traités que la gouvernance quotidienne.L'Union demeure cependant un système politique hybride, oscillant entre logiques intergouvernementale et fédérale. Face aux crises successives, l’Union a révélé ses fragilités, mais aussi sa résilience, développant de nouvelles capacités d’action collective. Le conflit ukrainien et le retour de Donald Trump à la présidence américaine placent aujourd’hui l’Europe devant l’impératif de s’affirmer comme puissance autonome sur la scène mondiale.Cet ouvrage offre une analyse accessible des mécanismes européens, privilégiant une approche pragmatique centrée sur le fonctionnement concret des institutions. En examinant les processus décisionnels et les interactions entre acteurs institutionnels et sociétaux, il évite deux écueils fréquents que sont, d’une part, le constat désenchanté des indéterminations de l’intégration européenne, et, d’autre part, la théorisation abstraite. Les auteurs proposent une lecture pédagogique qui décode la complexité européenne sans la dramatiser
Elites: origin, education, destination
No full textInternational audienceWhat are the key forces behind elite reproduction, and how do highly prestigious educational institutions contribute to them? This article uses the analytical framework of the Origin-Education-Destination (O-E-D) triangle to examine the dynamics specific to elites. Drawing on a synthesis of international research in sociology and economics, three key dimensions are explored. First, educational expansion has reinforced stratification, shifting competition toward access to the highest tiers of higher education—especially elite institutions, which serve as bastions of social reproduction. Second, this elite education ensures graduates substantial socio-economic returns. Third, access to elite status does not depend solely on educational credentials: the opportunities associated with a given degree vary according to social origin, and some individuals reach elite positions through alternative pathways outside education. This review concludes that education remains a central mechanism for perpetuating social hierarchies and securing access to the elite
L’apport de l’économie industrielle à l’application des règles de concurrence
No full textInternational audienceCet article examine l’évolution de l’approche plus économique dans l’application des règles de concurrence au sein de l’Union européenne. En retraçant les étapes clés de cette évolution et en la comparant avec le modèle américain, nous analysons comment les enseignements de l’économie industrielle ont été intégrés dans le droit de la concurrence européen. Nous explorons également la mise en œuvre concrète de cette approche dans le cadre de l’encadrement des aides publiques, du contrôle des concentrations et des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Enfin, nous discutons des défis actuels, notamment ceux posés par l’économie numérique, et de l’avenir de l’approche plus économique face aux nouvelles préoccupations sociétales
The Shadow of the Law: Adversarial Formalism in Prisoner-Staff Relations
No full textInternational audienceThe law is commonly described as one of the major forces shaping contemporary correctional institutions. However, we still lack a satisfactory understanding of how it has affected power relations behind bars. Drawing from two ethnographies of French correctional facilities, this article finds that changes to the material environment where incarcerated people and correctional staff interact have altered the relational economy of prisons and jails more than legal actions have. To avoid litigation, prison administrators design and use countless graphic artifacts, which has further reshaped the adversarial nature of social relations in prisons and jails. This bureaucratic approach has introduced the form of the law into the most banal of everyday communications between prisoners and authorities, replacing the informal asymmetrical interpersonal negotiations that have traditionally maintained order. Building on Robert Kagan’s typology of modes of policy making and dispute resolution, I re-examine power relations in contemporary French prisons and jails as a tension between formal and informal framings as well as hierarchical and participatory organizations of authority. I call this hybrid relational economy, where the force of the law lies mostly in its formal shadow, adversarial formalism
Sept dilemmes au sujet de la composition des cours constitutionnelles
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: Concept longtemps relégué aux marges du lexique politique moderne, le « bien commun » connaît aujourd’hui un retour spectaculaire dans les discours politiques, juridiques et intellectuels. Lino Castex, jeune chercheur à Sciences Po (CEVIPOF), revient sur l'histoire de la notion et analyse ses réappropriations contemporaines. Selon lui, cette résurgence révèle les tensions et les insuffisances du cadre libéral face aux crises contemporaines.https://conference.sciencespo.fr/content/2025-12-17/le-retour-du-bien-commun_In19wbV8an3HPZceW9wR
No full texthttps://conference.sciencespo.fr/content/2025-12-17/le-retour-du-bien-commun_In19wbV8an3HPZceW9w
“Welcome to France.” Can mandatory integration contracts foster immigrant integration?
No full textInternational audienceAbstract European governments, struggling with incorporating diverse immigrant populations, introduced integration contracts. Through language training and compulsory civics courses, these contracts aim to induce new migrants to adopt the host society's culture, respect its values, and improve their labor market outcomes. Despite their popularity, little empirical evidence exists on whether integration contracts catalyze integration or trigger a backlash. To shed light on this question, we leverage the staggered introduction of France's integration contract across metropolitan departments between 2003 and 2006 to implement a regression discontinuity design. We use census data, labor force surveys, and our own survey of refugees to estimate the effect of the contract on integration outcomes. We find the integration contract facilitated employment in the short term without backlash but did not translate into long‐lasting integration gains
Can Easing Financial Constraints Reduce Carbon Emissions? Evidence from a Large Sample of French Companies
No full textWe study how monetary policy shapes firm-level carbon emissions by exploiting the ECB's 2012 entry into the zero lower bound as a plausibly exogenous credit easing. Using administrative and sur-vey data on French manufacturing firms from 2000-2019 and a difference-in-differences design with debt-to-asset ratios as exposure, we show that financially constrained firms cut emissions 9.4% more than unconstrained ones, primarily through lower energy intensity and capital-deepening productivity gains. Small and medium enterprises drive the results. Aggregating our estimates implies average annual reductions of 3.3%, amounting to 5.3 million tonnes of CO2 saved