Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Note on Transliteration. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Tribes in Modern Yemen: An Anthology Sammlung Eduard Glaser 18|
No full textLate Motherhood in Low-Fertility Countries: Reproductive Intentions, Trends and Consequences
No full textDelayed parenthood is a central feature of the massive transformation of family and reproduction in rich countries. We analyse the shift of motherhood towards later reproductive ages during the last four decades and review its consequences for children and their mothers in low-fertility countries in Europe, North America, Oceania and East Asia. First we analyse the trends in birth rates at advanced reproductive ages (35+), including trends at very high reproductive ages (50+) and detailing the rapid rise in first and second birth rates at that ages. We show that a relatively high share of childless women and of women with one child aged 35-44 still plan to have a(nother) child in the future. Subsequently, we discuss the limited success rates of assisted reproduction at advanced reproductive ages and its contribution to parenthood at later ages. Next we outline the key drivers of delayed parenthood and its demographic consequences. Finally, we briefly review the consequences of delayed motherhood for pregnancy outcomes, maternal and child health and highlight selected positive consequences of later parenthood for mothers and children. We argue that economic and social rationales for late reproduction clash with the biological and health rationales for having children earlier in life
Bewusst sprachbewusst: durch einfache Methoden der Sprachbildung sprachliche Hindernisse im GW Schulbuch bewältigen. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 162|
No full textDas Praxisbeispiel soll Anregungen zur Integration sprachförderlicher Methoden in den GW-Unterricht und deren Reflexion bieten. Dabei wird die Bedeutung von Sprache im Kontext fachlichen Lernens betont. In diesem Zusammenhang wird ein sprachförderliches Methodenrepertoire skizziert, das fachliches und sprachliches Lernen mit der Nutzung von GWSchulbüchern verbindet. Darüber hinaus wird ein Reflexionstool für Schüler*innen, die sogenannte „Sprachliche Werkzeugkiste“, zur sprachlichen Förderung im GW-Unterricht vorgestellt
The ValPar.CH project – Assessing the added value of ecological infrastructure in Swiss Parks. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 No. 2 13 2|
No full textEcological infrastructure (EI), which is a planned network of high-quality natural and semi-natural elements designed and managed to provide ecosystem services, has the potential to ensure rich and resilient biodiversity. Within the Action Plan for the Swiss Biodiversity Strategy of the Swiss Confederation, the pilot project known as “ValPar.CH – Values of the ecological infrastructure in Swiss parks” aims to analyse the values and benefits of EI at two levels: across Switzerland, and in four parks of national importance (Jurapark Aargau, and Gruyère Pays-d’Enhaut, Pfyn-Finges and Beverin nature parks). The aim is to contribute to reducing biodiversity erosion as currently observed. This objective is met by developing outputs for different stakeholders (scientific papers, recommendations, data, policy tools)
Comparing global reports of subjective well-being to experiential measures. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research|Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2021|
No full textSubjective well-being (SWB) is an overall evaluation of the quality of a person’slife from his or her own perspective. One common method of assessing thisconstruct requires respondents to think about their life as a whole and to providea “global” evaluation that summarizes across life domains or affective experiencesover extended periods of time. The validity of these global measures has beenchallenged, however; and experiential measures, which ask respondents to reporton their momentary evaluative experiences many times over a constrained timeperiod, have been suggested as a more valid alternative. This paper addresses theempirical evidence for one important challenge to global measures: the possibilitythat temporarily salient information overwhelmingly influences global judgments,reducing their reliability and validity. This paper critiques prior evidence for thischallenge and presents new concerns about the assumed validity of the proposedalternative: experiential measures
A demographic perspective on human wellbeing: Concepts, measurement and population heterogeneity. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research|Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2021|
No full textThis introduction to the 2021 special issue of the Vienna Yearbook of PopulationResearch explores demographic perspectives on human wellbeing across time andspace. While the idea of relating demographic parameters to wellbeing has beenaround for a while, a more concrete research agenda on this topic has only recentlygained momentum. Reviewing the research presented in this volume, we show howexisting theoretical concepts and methodological tools in demography can be usedto make substantial advances in the study of wellbeing. We also touch upon themany challenges researchers face in defining and measuring wellbeing, with themost important debate being about whether the focus should be on objective orsubjective measures. The studies discussed here define wellbeing as health andmortality; as income, education or other resources; as happiness or life satisfaction;or as a combination thereof. They cover wellbeing in historical and contemporarypopulations in high- and low-income countries, and also point out important barriersto research on wellbeing, including the lack of good quality data in many regions.Finally, we highlight the value of considering population heterogeneities when studying wellbeing in order to identify population subgroups who are likely to fallbehind, which can have important policy implications
Akademische Feiern, Würdigungen und Ehrungen zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Fuchs am 14. Juni 1921. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Medizin|Ernst Fuchs und die Weltgeltung der Wiener Ophthalmologischen Schule um 1900 Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Medizin 69|
No full textThree decades of institutionalised TA in Austria (ITA-manu:script 21-01)
No full textThis article describes in detail the three-decades-long development of institutionalised technology assessment (TA) in Austria. The storyline starts in the early 1980s, leading to the foundation of the first TA working group at a pre-existing researchinstitute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1985. This group was later detached as an individual unit and developedinto the Institute of Technology Assessment in 1994. In the second main section, the authors analyse longitudinal developments, including: the advances of the thematic portfolio; the on-off relationship to Parliament over time; the increasing international standing and networking activities; the growth in staff; and the advances of outreach and public communication; allleading to the ITA as it is known today