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The Associations of GH and GHR Genes with Carcass Components in Indonesian Kampung and Broiler Chicken Cross
Get PDFThe chicken growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (growth hormone receptor, GHR) play important roles in chicken performances due to their crucial functions in growth. The variations of GH and GHR genes were then thought to be associated with the variations of the performances. This experiment was designed to identify the g.2248G>A GH and the g.565G>A GHR loci polymorphisms and to evaluate their associations with carcass components in Kampung and broiler chicken cross. A total of 215 chickens including 4 chicken populations (Kampung, Cobb broiler, F1, and F2 Kampung x broiler chicken cross) were screened to identify polymorphism using PCR-RFLP technique with EcoRV and Eco72I restriction enzyme for GH and GHR loci, respectively. The carcass components were recorded at 26 weeks of age on F2 Kampung and broiler chicken cross (42 chickens) for association study. Both the g.2248G>A GH and the g.565G>A GHR loci were polymorphic with two alleles (G and A) and three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA). The GG genotype and the G allele of GH locus were predominant in all chicken populations. While in GHR locus, the AA genotype and the A allele were found to be higher in all chicken populations. The association study showed that the g.565G>A GHR locus polymorphism had significant effect on carcass components, including live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, thighs weight, breast muscle weight, and thighs muscle weight. There was no significant association was found between the g.2248G>A GH genotype and carcass components. It could be concluded that the g.2248G>A GH and the g.565G>A GHR loci were polymorphic in Kampung and broiler chicken cross and the g.565G>A GHR locus was accosiated with carcass components. This g.565G>A GHR SNP might be an important candidate marker for chicken growth and muscle mass improvement
Glycerol as an Energy Source for Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis of in Vitro Experiments
Get PDFGlycerol or glycerin is generally recognized as a safe compound to be used in animal feed, especially for ruminants. A number of in vitro studies related to glycerol supplementation in ruminant ration have been published but to date the results have not been summarized. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in vitro digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics, total gas and methane production through the meta-analysis approach. Meta-analysis was applied to 13 experiments and 42 treatments dealing with glycerol supplementation in ruminants. Data were analyzed by general linear model procedure in which the glycerol levels and the different studies were treated as fixed effects. Results revealed that glycerol supplementation did not affect the in vitro digestibility and total VFA production, but significantly decreased molar proportion of acetate and iso-valerate (P<0.05). In contrast, molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, and valerate significantly increased, and thus the ratio of acetate to propionate declined linearly (P<0.05). Methane production decreased linearly and accompanied with an increase of total gas production with increasing levels of glycerol supplementation (P<0.05). It is concluded that the use of glycerol as an energy substitution in animal feed has no detrimental effects in the rumen and environmentally friendly
Improvement of Napier Grass Silage Nutritive Value by Using Inoculant and Crude Enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Its Effect on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation
Get PDFThis research was aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculant and crude enzyme of Trichoderma reesei on fermentation quality and rumen digestibility of napier grass silage. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage was fermentation quality using a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications. The second stage was rumen fermentability using a randomized block design with three treatments and six replications. The treatments of both stages were: T0= control of napier grass silage (Hi-fer+), T1= control + T. reesei inoculant at the level of 2.13 x 107 cfu/kg, and T2= control + crude enzyme from T. reesei at the level of 11.4 unit/kg. Napier grass silage were kept at room temperature and opened 21 d after fermentation. The result of the first stage experiment showed that T2 decreased (P<0.01) dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and also increased (P<0.05) crude protein, total digestible nutrient (TDN), pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid of napier grass silage while T1 decreased (P<0.01) NDF and increased (P<0.05) propionic acid. The result of the second stage experiment showed that there were no significant differences in rumen pH, in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, total VFA, proportion of VFA, ratio of acetic to propionic acids, and also NH3. It is concluded that the addition of crude enzyme from T. reesei could improve fermentation quality of napier grass silage with decreasing NDF and increasing TDN but did not affect rumen fermentability
Nutrient Digestibility and Performance of Male Pelung Chicken Fed Rice Bran-Based Ration Supplemented with Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Juice
Get PDFRearing Pelung chicken in Indonesia, in general, uses a ration with a high proportion of rice bran, even up to 60%. Considering the high contents of fiber, lignin, and phytic acid, feeding a high portion of rice bran will decrease nutrient digestibility. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of lime juice supplementation of a rice bran-based ration on the utilization of nutrients in male Pelung chicken. Sixty four of 12 weeks old male Pelung chickens were used in the present experiment and assigned into a completely randomized block design. The treatments were supplementation of the ration with lime juice at the levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mL/100 g. Parameters measured were feed and nutrients consumption, protein, fat, and fiber digestibilities, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), rate of passage, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and daily body weight gain. The results showed that the supplementation of lime juice in the ration did not affect feed and nutrient consumption, but significantly (P<0.05) increased the digestibilities of protein, fat and fiber, AME, rate of passage, FCR and daily body weight gain. However, supplementation of 2 or 3 mL lime juice in the ration resulted in similar values of AME, and protein, fat and fiber digestibilities, and both levels of supplementation produced better protein and fat digestibilities, and AME when compared to the other treatments. It could be concluded that supplementation of 3 mL lime juice in the ration increased the digestion processes in the gastrointestinal and increased daily weight gain of male Pelung chicken
Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Slaughtered Qurban Animal in Jakarta Province
Get PDFThis study was conducted to investigate the presence of shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the possibility of carrying rfbE gene and H7 flagellar on meat, liver, and stool samples collected from Jakarta Province of Indonesia. A total of 51 samples collected from meat, liver, and stool of slaughtered cattle from qurban festival were tested using conventional culture and multiplex PCR methods. STEC non O157 were detected in meat (5.3%) and stool (8.3%) with one isolate from stool carried H7 flagellar. However, all isolates were lacking of rfbE gene. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the STEC isolates showed antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and oxacillin. Overall, the result shows that meat and liver of this origin activity represents a potential risk to human health
Pembuatan Mie Kering dengan Fortikasi Tepung Tulang Rawan Ayam Pedaging
No full textPembuatan mie kering dengan Fortikasi tepung tulang rawan ayam pedagin
Partisipasi Peternak dan Tingkat Keterampilan Inseminator dalam Program Inseminasi Buatan (IB) di kabupaten Bojonegoro – Jawa Timur
No full textPartisipasi peternak dan tingkat keterampilan inseminator dalam program Inseminasi Buatan (IB) dikabupaten Bojonegoro – Jawa Timu
Keragaman Genetik Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) Berdasarkan Uji DNA Mikrosatelit
No full textKeragaman genetik sapi peranakan ongole (PO) berdasarkan uji DNA mikrosateli
Penggunan Biofertilizer untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Hijauan Pakan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Africa) pada Lahan Marjinal di Subang Jawa Barat
No full textPenggunan Biofertilizer untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Hijauan Pakan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Africa) pada Lahan Marjinal di Subang Jawa Bara
Potensi Cacing Tanah bagi Sektor Industri dan Pertanian
No full textPotensi cacing tanah bagi sektor industri dan pertania