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Egg Production and Physical Quality in Cortunix cortunix japonica Fed Diet Containing Piperine as Phytogenic Feed Additive
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of piperine as a phytogenic feed additive on quail performances and egg quality. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications and used ten quails with one week of age in each replication. The piperine was added to the diets at concentrations of 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), and 60 mg/kg body weight (T4) for 8 consecutive weeks. The results showed that addition of 60 mg/kg body weight (T4) of piperine significantly (P<0.05) reduced feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, income over feed cost (IOFC), and increased water consumption as compared to the other treatments. The addition of 15-60 mg piperine/kg body weight significantly (P<0.05) reduced eggshell weight and increased egg yolk color score. The conclusion of this experiment was that the addition of piperine at 15-45 mg/kg body weight could be used as phytogenic feed additive to improve performance, IOFC, haugh unit, and yolk color.Key words: egg, feed additive, phytogenic, piperine, quai
Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Gastrointestinal Tract of Cemani Chicken and Their Potential Use as Probiotics
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to screen and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Cemani chicken, one of Indonesian local chicken and to investigate their potential use as probiotics. LAB were isolated from GI tract using MRSA and GYPA media and incubated anaerobically. Selected LAB were determined their probiotic properties with several assays. Identification of selected LAB was based on 16S rDNA sequences, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Ninety five bacteria were isolated and characterized as lactic acid bacteria (Gram positive, catalase negative, non sporeforming and acid producing). Twenty four isolates of LAB demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JCM 1649 and Salmonella enteritidis B2586, and three selected isolates, i.e. CCM011, CSP004, and CVM002 showed the highest inhibition activity. The isolates had characters of high cell surface hydrophobicity and inter-isolate coaggregation ability of LAB, high survival at low pH, high phytase and protease activity (but no amylase and lipase activity), weak coaggregation with pathogen and no resistance to the examined antibiotics. The isolates were identified based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene as Lactobacillus salivarius, however, each isolate had different profiles of sugar fermentation. Therefore the three LAB isolates had potential application as probiotics for chicken.Key words: Cemani chicken, gastrointestinal tract, lactic acid bacteria, probioti
Performance and Meat Quality of Local Sheep Administered with Feed Additive Containing Probiotic and Organic Mineral Complex
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic and organic mineral complex (POMC) administration on performance and meat quality of local sheep. In this study, 6 sheep with an average initial body weight of 12.67±0.81 kg were arranged in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T0: basal diet (control) and T1: basal diet + POMC. The basal diet consisted of forage and concentrate (60:40) with dry matter of feed intake as much as 5% of body weight. Dose of POMC used in this study was 15 g/d/head. The POMC contained lactic acid bacteria, i.e. Lactobacillus sp. (1x108 cfu/g) and S. cereviseae incorporated with micromineral Co (2 ppm), Cu (100 ppm), Fe (2.5 ppm), I (110 ppm) and Mn (100 ppm). The experimental period lasted for 11 wk (1 wk for adaptation and 10 wk for data collection). Data were analyzed using t-Student statistical test to compare the treatments. The results showed that POMC administration did not affect the body weight gain (BWG) (7.46 kg) compared to control (7.13 kg) while concentrate consumption (26.9 kg) of POMC was lower than the control (28.6 kg). Meanwhile POMC administration did not affect the meat quality (pH, moisture, cooking loss and tenderness), whereas the meat cholesterol was lower (34.25 mg/100g) than the control (38.87 mg/100g). It is concluded that administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria combined with organic minerals decreases concentrate consumption and thereby potentially increases the animals energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the treatment also decreases the meat cholesterol content of local sheep
Analysis of Air Temperature Distribution in a Closed House for Broiler in Wet Tropical Climate
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to analyze the air temperature distribution in a closed house system for broiler in wet tropical climate by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to figure out the comfort level of the broiler in that system. The dimension of the experimental house was 100 m x 10 m x 2.4 m which could be occupied by 12,000 to 16,000 broiler chickens. The wall was made from expose mercy brick and curtain, plafond was made from galvanize, ventilation system used 6 fans with 1.27 m diameter and cooling pad and in-house lighting system used 60 units of 8 Watt lamps. The analysis of temperature distribution using CFD had high precision as was shown by the small number of average percentage of deviation (6.39%) between analyzed and measured results. Horizontally, the temperature distribution near the cooling pad was lower than others and continued to increase until near the position of the fan. In vertically, the air temperature in the area near the husks and the plafond were higher than the other mesurement points. At that height, the effective temperatures which were still comfort for the broiler were 20.07 oC, 19.81 oC and 20.04 oC at 12:20 h, 13:55 h and 15:20 h, respectively
Species Authentication of Dog, Cat, and Tiger Using Cytochrome β Gene
Get PDFAdulteration of animal food products for economic reason has happened during the last decades. Species identification method development was needed to prevent falsification information. The objective of this research was to study species authentication (dog, cat, and tiger) to ensure animal origin in products using cyt β gene specific marker. DNA extraction and fragment amplification were conducted using phenol-chloroform and multiplex PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, respectively. This research showed that fragment length of amplification for species tested (dog, cat, and tiger) were 523, 331, 319 bp, respectively. Species specificity was also indicated by high reverse primers homology percentage. Multiplex PCR technique succeed to amplify DNA fragment from species tested, but has a limitation to amplify total DNA composite of mix DNA
Egg Production and Quality of Magelang Duck Fed Diets Containing Different Ratio of Omega 3 : Omega 6 and Organic Zn
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to determine the feeding effect of diets containing different ratio of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and organic Zn on egg production and quality of Magelang duck. A total of 90 ducks of 20 weeks old were randomly divided into 18 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. There were 6 dietary treatments, namely 1) ration without palm oil, fish oil and organic Zn with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 5 (R0), 2) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 1.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R1), 3) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 3 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R2), 4) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 4.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R3), 5) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 6 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R4), 6) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1 : 7.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R5). Observation was carried out for 9 wk. The results showed that the ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1 : 3 and organic Zn (R2) produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest egg production and the lowest egg production was resulted by the dietary treatment without oil and organic Zn. Ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1: 3 and organic Zn (R2) significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio to the lowest value and it was significantly different as compared to R0 and R5. It can be concluded that feeding diet containing ω-3 and ω-6 with the ratio of 1:3 + 200 ppm organic Zn improves egg production without decreasing egg quality
In Vitro Testing to Aflatoxin Binding by Glucomannan Yeast Product and Glucomannan Extract from Amorphophallus oncophyllus
Get PDFThe aim of research was to test the capability of glucomannan yeast product (GYP) and glucomannan resulted from Amorphophallus oncophyllus extraction (GRE) to bind aflatoxin in in vitro testing. Before in vitro testing, both GYP and GRE were analyzed to determine proximate analysis, glucose, and mannose concentrations. In vitro testing used aflatoxin, binder and gastro intestinal fluid in 3% ringer solution. The weights of binders were 41.05; 82.1; 123.15; and 164.2 mg and weight of aflatoxin was 0.1642 µg of each tube. The results showed that the percentage of aflatoxin bound increased by the increasing weight either glucomannan from yeast product or glucomannan resulted from A. oncophylus extraction. The percentages of aflatoxin binding with binder of both glucomannan yeast product were 19.72%; 21.51%; 42.25%; 46.35% and glucomannan from A. oncophyllus extraction were 4.08%; 28.72%; 36.73%; and 89.07%, consecutively. There were positive correlations (
Diminishing Chromium Use on Combined Chromium-Gambier Tanning Process Upon the Characteristics of Tanned Leather
Get PDFThe research was aimed to investigate the influence of minimizing chromium use on combined chromium-gambier process upon the characteristics of tanned leather. At the first stage of tanning process, chromium was used and in the second stage it was replaced by gambier. The raw material used was dried saline-preserved goat skin. The treatments applied on the tanning process were the different concentrations of chromium ranging from the highest level of 6% to the lowest level of 1% which was then re-tanned by using 8% concentration of gambier. The examination parameters included chemical and physical properties as well as visual investigation on the tanned leather in accordance with SNI-06-0463-1989-A. The result showed that the tanning process by using 2% chromium in the first step and 8% gambier in the second step was a treatment combination producing tanned leather that met the standard. The examination on tanned leather resulted from such treatment showed 56.33% rawhide, 17.45% of bound tannin, 31.22% of tanning level, tensile strength 386.30 kg/cm2, flexibility 31.91%, leather width 1.3 mm, density 0.75 g/cm3, the leather was quite elastic with light brownish color. In conclusion, minimizing the use of chromium in the combined tanning process of chromium and gambier can be implemented to the lowest of 2% chromium concentration and 8% gambier in the first and second step, respectively. Key words: gambier, leather, minimizing chromium, tannin
Fermentation Quality and in Vitro Nutrient Digestibility of Fresh Rice Straw-Based Silage Treated with Lactic Acid Bacteria
Get PDFThe aim of the experiment was to evaluate fermentation characteristics and in vitro nutrient digestibility of fresh rice straw-based silage ensiled with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first factor was the ratio of fresh rice straw (FRS), tofu waste (TW) and cassava waste (CW) consisted of two levels i.e., 40 : 20 : 40 and 40 : 25 : 35, on dry matter (DM) basis). The second factor was the level of LAB inoculant with two levels ie., 0 and 20 mL/kg FM. The treatments were (A) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 20 : 40, without LAB inoculant; (B) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 20 : 40 + LAB inoculant; (C) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 25 : 35, without LAB inoculant; (D) FRS + TW + CW with ratio of 40 : 25 : 35 + LAB inoculant. Results showed that addition of LAB inoculant in silage increased lactic acid concentration (P0.05) on chemical composition, fermentation quality of silage and in vitro digestibility. It was concluded that mixture silage with ratio of 40 : 20 : 40 with the addition of LAB inoculant had the best fermentation quality and nutrient digestibility than other silages
Xylanase Activity of Streptomyces violascences BF 3.10 on Xylan Corncobs and its Xylooligosaccharide Production
Get PDFCorn is one of the important carbohydrate sources in Indonesia that is mainly used for food and industrial materials. In addition, the byproducts of corn, such as corncobs, have been reported as xylan-containing materials that can be utilized as substrate in xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. XOS are natural prebiotic fibers that can enhance the performance of animal’s digestive system. The main objective of this study was to exploit xylan from corncobs to produce XOS. The research consisted of extraction and production of xylan from corncobs and the synthesis of XOS from corncob-produced xylan. The corncob and Streptomyces violascens BF 3.10 xylanase is a collection of PPSHB IPB Laboratory. Corncobs xylan extracted by using alkaline method and reducting sugar was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid method. The xylan extraction from corncobs could produce 7.93% (w/w) of xylan. The activity of S. violascens BF 3.10 xylanase on the substrate of concorb-produced xylan was 6.4 U/mL at the optimum temperature of 60 °C in 50 mM phosphate buffer with pH 5.5. The thin layer chromatography analysis indicated that 1% (w/v) corn-cob xylan could produce XOS with degree of polymerization (DP) 3.92. XOS, with DP ranging from 2-4, could be used as a livestock feed mixture to stimulate the growth of normal microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock.Key words: corncobs, Streptomyces violascens BF 3.10, xylan, xylanas