Media Peternakan
Not a member yet
551 research outputs found
Sort by
Genetic Diversity of Bali Cattle Based on Microsatellite Marker in Indonesian Breeding Centre
Get PDFGenetics characterization in livestock based on microsatellite has been widely implemented including for Bali cattle in three different breeding centres in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine diversity of Bali cattle microsatellites in three breeding centers namely BPTU Bali cattle in Bali, BPT-HMT Serading Sumbawa in West Nusa Tenggara, and Village Breeding Center in South Sulawesi. The number of animals used in this study was 95 head of cattle consisted of 32 heads from BPTU Bali Province, 32 heads from BPT-HMT Serading Sumbawa, and 31 heads from Village Barru Breeding Center Barru distric. Microsatellite loci used to determine the diversity was the locus SPS115, INRA037, MM12, and ETH185 based on flourescently labeled fragment method. Data analysis of microsatellite in Bali cattle at three different locations was performed by using POPGEN 1.2, Cervus, and POPTREE2 programs. The results showed that microsatellite diversity in Bali cattle detected 32 alleles from three different locations, and there were specific alleles at each location. Average values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.418 and 0.604 respectively, while the average value of polymorphism informative content (PIC) was 0.579. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in general suggested that the loci used in the Bali cattle in three populations were in equilibrium, except INRA037 and ETH185. The genetic diversity between populations of Bali cattle was 0.033 (3%), while the inbreeding coefficient index in all populations was 0.296 (29.6 %). Bali cattle phylogeny tree with three populations showed that the populations of Bali cattle in BPTU Bali and VBC Barru had close genetic distance compared to the population of Bali cattle in BPT-HMT Serading Sumbawa. The results of this study provide information that the characteristics of Bali cattle breeding centers in three locations are different, so we need a directed breeding program in each population.Key words: Bali cattle, genetics diversity, microsatellit
Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Lignin of Empty Bunch Palm Fiber and Their Effects on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation
Get PDFThe objective of this experiment was to study the effects of bioactive compounds isolated from purified lignin formacell (PLF) of empty bunch palm fiber as natural antimicrobes and their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The first experiment was inhibition test of 11 bioactive compounds isolated from PLF, using disc diffusion method against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the most potential bioactive compounds were then used in the second experiment, which was an in vitro test using fresh rumen liquid of Ongole grade beef cattle, to study their effects on rumen fermentation. Six treatments with 3 replications were applied in a completely randomized block (CRB) design. The treatments were R0= 0.5 g basal diet; R1= R0 + 0.3 mg Rumensin®; R2= R0 + 0.3 mg syringaldehyde; R3= R0 + 0.3 mg p-hydroxybenzoic acid; R4= R0 + 0.3 mg m-hydroxybenzoic acid; and R5= R0 + 0.3 mg oxybenzene. Isolate fraction of CC-2 (syringaldehyde), CC-3 (m-hydroxybenzoic acid), VLC-5 (oxybenzene), and VLC-9 (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) exhibited antimicrobes activity against all tested bacteria. Other isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobes activity only against 1 or 2 tested bacteria. The use of syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and oxybenzene improved ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrients digestibility. Bioactive compounds had no effect on rumen pH but reduced total VFA concentration as well as the estimate of methane production.Key words: bioactive compounds, natural antimicrobes, rumen fermentatio
Digestibility, Milk Production, and Udder Health of Etawah Goats Fed with Fermented Coffee Husk
Get PDFThis study was carried out to assess the utilization of coffee husk fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus as feed supplement by measuring the digestibility, milk production and udder health of Etawah goats suffered from subclinical mastitis (+1). There were three experimental diets consisted of T0 (control diet/basal diet without fermented coffee husk), T1 (basal diet with 6% fermented coffee husk) and T2 (basal diet with 6% fermented coffee husk soaked in crude palm oil for an hour before using). Basal diet consisted of napier grass (60%) and concentrate (40%). The results showed that supplementation of lactating Etawah does with fermented coffee husk did not affect the palatability of the diets, but increased the protein and crude fiber consumption (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on nutrient digestibility and milk production while milk composition (protein, fat, total solid) increased in supplemented groups (P<0.05). The persistency of milk production and the somatic cells count were not different. There was an improvement of somatic cells count on supplemented groups. In conclusion, fermented coffee husk could be used as feed supplement without any negative effects on digestibility and milk production. The positive effects to udder health could be expected from including fermented coffee husk in diets.Key words: coffee husk, Etawah goat, fermented, performance, supplemen
Improving Milk Quality for Dairy Goat Farm Development
Get PDFThe present study was designed to evaluate factors affecting goat’s milk quality, consumer’s satisfaction to goat’s milk, and technical responses associated with goat’s milk quality. Three farms having more than 100 dairy goats were purposively selected for the study. Thirty consumers were determined by using judgement sampling techniques to assess the satisfaction of consumer to goat’s milk quality. Data were analyzed by using fishbone diagram and House of Quality matrix. The study revealed that milk quality produced by dairy goat farms met the standard quality of milk composition namely; specific gravity, total solid, fat, protein, and total solid non-fat. The main factors affecting goat milk quantity and quality were the quality of does, pregnancy status, number of kids per birth, shape and size of the udder, lactation length, and the health status of the goat. The attributes of goat’s milk that were able to achieve customer’s satisfaction targets were nutritional content, packaging size, and goat milk color. Technical responses that were major concern in ensuring goat’s milk quality included goat breed quality and health conditions, skills and performances of farmers and employees, feed quality, farm equipment hygiene and completeness, cleanliness, and hygiene of livestock housing and environment. Technical response on livestock health condition was the first priority to be improved.Key words: goat milk, consumer’s satisfactio
Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Some Sorghum Mutant Lines at Different Cutting Ages
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to explore the appropriate cutting age to produce optimal biomass and good nutrient quality from sorghum mutant lines BMR i.e., PATIR 3.5 M7, PATIR 3.6 M7, and PATIR 3.7 M7, also SAMURAI I (M17). A completely randomized in Split Plot design with 2 factors and 3 replicates was used. The first factor was the type of sorghum (SAMURAI I M17, PATIR 3.5, PATIR 3.6, PATIR 3.7) as the main plot and the second factor was the cutting age (85, 95, 105) as a subplot. Parameters observed were the production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, NFE, TDN, percentage of DMD, OMD and N-NH3. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that there were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between cutting age and type of sorghum in production of stems, leaves, grains, total biomass production, value of TDN, DMD, OMD, and N-NH3. Increasing cutting age significantly increased the percentage of ash content, crude protein and crude fat. The sorghum type significantly affected crude fat content nonBMR sorghum variety of SAMURAI I (M17) and achieved optimal biomass production and nutrient content at cutting age of 85 d similar to BMR sorghum mutant lines PATIR 3.6 and PATIR 3.5, whereas BMR sorghum mutant lines of PATIR 3.7 achieved optimum production at the age of 95 d of cutting. All types of sorghum varieties was not recommended to be harvested at 105 d. Biomass production increased with the increasing of cutting age, but the nutrient content decreased.Key words: cutting age, mutant, sorghu
Utilization of Bioslurry on Maize Hydroponic Fodder as a Corn Silage Supplement on Nutrient Digestibility and Milk Production of Dairy Cows
Get PDFThe research was conducted to study the effect of addition of 7% DM maize hydroponic fodder (MHF) in corn silage on digestibility and milk production of dairy cows. The experiment used a completely randomized block design with two treatments, and four replications. The treatments were dairy cows fed with grass (Pennisetum purpureum), corn silage, and concentrate (R0), and dairy cows fed with grass (P. purpureum), corn silage, concentrate, and MHF (R1). This research used eight dairy cows with initial average milk production of 13.01±2.96 L/d. MHF was produced in a hydroponic system using bioslurry as a fertilizer enriched with mineral fertilizer. Variables observed were chemical composition of bioslurry, nutrient content of ration, daily dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), and Digestible Energy (DE). Data were analyzed with ANOVA, except for milk production using ANCOVA. Supplementation of MHF resulted a higher total dry matter intake on R1 than R0 (P<0.05), 12.99±0.063 kg/head/d, and 11.98±0.295 kg/head/d, respectively. The digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the addition of MHF. Energy consumption in R1 was also higher than R0 (P<0.05), 49.95±0.36 Mkal/kg, and 46.11±0.54 Mkal/kg, respectively. Supplementation of MHF also increased nitrogen consumption, R1 was higher than R0 (P<0.05), 318.3±2.3 g/head/d, and 295.9±3.5 g/head/d, respectively, and could maintain the persistency of milk production at the end of lactation. It can be concluded that supplementation of MHF in corn silage can increase dry matter intake, energy consumption, and nitrogen consumption, also can maintain nutrient digestibility and maintain persistency of milk production during late lactation of dairy cows.Key words: bioslurry, dairy cow, greenhouse fodder, nutrient digestibilit
Identification of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at Hinf-1 Enzyme Restriction Site of Pit-1 Gene on Indonesian Bali Cattle Population
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene polymorphism in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) as Indonesian native cattle and besides Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle breeds as a comparison. DNA samples were extracted from 488 blood samples consisting of Bali (245 heads), Madura (68 heads), Aceh (25 heads), Pesisir (100 heads) and Katingan (50 heads) cattle. The diversity of the Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene wasere analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Whereas the nucleotide base mutations were identified by sequencing. Genotyping data were analyzed by calculating the allele frequency, observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values as well as Hardry-Weinberg equilibrium test using POPGENE 1.31 program. Whereas, Tthe sequence data were analyzed by using MEGA6 program. The Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment analysis showed that Bali, Madura, Pesisir, Aceh, and Katingan cattle had high BB genotype, resulting in B allele frequency of 0.982, 0.963, 0.925, 0.960, and 0.960, respectively. Ho and He values were 0.074-0.130 and 0.036-0.139, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test did not significant for all breed populations, except for Aceh cattle population (P<0.05). Mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) was found in Pit-1 gene fragment. Therefore, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene fragment had low genetic diversity in Bali cattle and other breeds population.Key words: Bali cattle, Pit-1|Hinf-1 gene, polymorphis
Substitution of Soybean Meal with Indigofera zollingeriana Top Leaf Meal on Egg Quality of Cortunix cortunix japonica
Get PDFThis research aimed to study the substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal (ILM) in the diet on egg quality of Japanese quails. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications (ten quails of each replication). The dietary treatment contained five combination of SBM and ILM, R0= diets contained 18% SBM without ILM, R1= diet contained 16.2% SBM and 2.66% ILM, R2= diet contained 14.4% SBM and 5.32% ILM, R3= diet contained 12.6% SBM and 7.98% ILM, R4= diet contained 9% SBM and 13.3% ILM. The results showed that the use of 13.3% ILM (R4) significantly (P<0.05) increased feed consumption, egg weight, yolk colour score, egg cholesterol, and reduced malondialdehyde level. The conclusion of this study was I. zollingeriana top leaf meal could be used as much as 13.3% in the diets. The use of I. zollingeriana top leaf meal could improve the quality of eggs physically and chemically.Key words: eggs quality, Indigofera zollingeriana, soybean meal, quai
Addition of Purified Tannin Sources and Polyethylene Glycol Treatment on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation in Vitro
Get PDFThe objectives of this experiment were (1) to observe the effects of purified tannins and polyethy-lene glycol (PEG) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis, and (2) to assess the accuracy of volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in predicting methane emission. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins were extracted and purified from chestnut, sumach, mimosa and quebracho. Hay and concentrate mixture (70:30 w/w, 380 mg) was incubated in Hohenheim glass syringe containing 10 mL rumen liquor + 20 mL buffer. The purified tannins were injected into the syringes at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL each, either without or with PEG 6,000 addition in three replicates. Results revealed that a decrease of methane emission (20%-27%) was observed when the purified tannins were added into basal diet as compared to control (P<0.05), and PEG addition increased methane emission (P<0.05). All purified tannins decreased total gas and total VFA production (P<0.05). The H2 recovery of the treatments ranged from 86.7% to 95.3%. Estimation of methane emission by using VFA profiles revealed an accurate result with a very low root mean square prediction error (1.75%). It is concluded that tannins mitigate methane emission while PEG neutralize such effect, and VFA profiles are accurate predictors of the emission.Key words: tannin, polyethylene glycol, methane, rumen, stoichiometr
Comparative Study of Milk Production and Feed Efficiency Based on Farmers Best Practices and National Research Council
Get PDFThis study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality.Key words: dairy cattle, milk production, profitability, rations tes