Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
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Early identification of sleep bruxism among dental students: an observational study
No full textPsychological conditions such as stress, anxiety, and depression can trigger sleep bruxism, a parafunctional activity. Dental students are one group that may experience psychological difficulties. Study workloads for dental students can cause stress and lead to sleep bruxism. This research aimed to identify the incidence of sleep bruxism among dental students. Participants were dental students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (n = 200) aged 23–29 years, with 1–5 years of study periods. We adapted a questionnaire from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to detect sleep bruxism. This questionnaire contains eight questions about the signs and symptoms experienced by respondents with sleep bruxism. The result of this study showed that only 18% of the participants had sleep bruxism. It can be concluded that the incidence of sleep bruxism in dental students is relatively low
Cherubism with peripheral reparative giant cell granuloma in the mandible and maxilla
No full textCherubism is an autosomal dominant disease that causes abnormal osteoblast-osteoclast function, resulting in progressive enlargement around the maxillofacial area due to replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue and immature bone. The clinical and radiographic signs of cherubism include bilateral radiolucent multi-ocular lesions of the mandible and maxilla, causing bilateral cheek swelling. A 9-year-old boy came to the Oral Surgery of Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, with a complaint of enlargement of both cheeks nine months ago. The patient complained that the swelling on the maxilla enlarged and felt disturbing for his appearance. The enlargement was painless, not easy to bleed, hard, and disturbing when eating and sleeping. Radiograph examination demonstrated bilateral maxillary and mandibular multi-ocular-radiolucent lesions. Three stages of surgery were performed: biopsy-incision with the histopathological result being benign fibrous histiocytoma, curettage-reshaping of the mandible 1 month after biopsy, and curettage-reshaping of the maxilla 9 months after the mandible surgery. The histopathological test of the lesions in the maxilla and mandible showed the same result: peripheral reparative giant cell granuloma. Twelve months postoperatively, the patient had no complaints, showed no disturbances in eating and sleeping, and regained a symmetrical face. The patient's initial curettage and reshaping resolved the masticatory complaints, improved facial aesthetics, and reduced lesions' expansion at the bilateral mandibular and maxillary bones
Distal root hemisection of mandibular left first molar with pulp necrosis, bifurcation perforation, and symptomatic apical periodontitis
No full textHemisection is an endodontic surgery performed by removing one or more roots and existing crown structures to increase the retention of the remaining teeth and to correct defected dental roots that are not possible to maintain. This defect can be caused by pulp tissue or periodontal tissue. Diagnosis of endodontic-periodontal lesions is an essential determinant whether it is due to endodontic or periodontal pathogens. In this case, endodontic treatment needs to be performed in combination with hemisection surgery. The purpose of this case report is to save the tooth with furcation involvement and pulp necrosis, making it perforated on the bifurcation of mandibular first molar. A female patient aged 20 years had a large cavity in tooth 36 with symptomatic apical periodontitis. The tooth was sensitive to percussion test and negative to palpation test, and the mobility was normal. The radiographic feature showed a perforated tooth in the furcation section and furcation involvement. The diagnosis of tooth 36 was pulp necrosis with bifurcation perforation and symptomatic apical periodontitis. The patient received initial treatment, root canal treatment, and obturation on the mesial first molar, then followed by intake of the distal root of the molar. The installation of a prefabricated fiber post in the mesial root of tooth 36 and hemisection surgery were performed on tooth 36. The restoration was done in the form of a full porcelain fused to metal crown on tooth 36 with a splinted crown. Hemisection surgical treatment is a reliable alternative solution and has a good prognosis because it can maintain dental and periodontal tissue as long as possible without tooth extraction
Effects of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) intake during pregnancy and lactation on calcium levels in the teeth and alveolar bones of rat offspring
No full textMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive that enhances flavor. However, excessive MSG intake during pregnancy and lactation may pose health risks to both the mother and the developing fetus, particularly in terms of tooth and bone development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal oral administration of MSG during pregnancy and lactation on calcium levels in the teeth and alveolar bones of rat offspring. This research is a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group receiving distilled water and two treatment groups receiving MSG at doses of 3 mg/g BW and 6 mg/g BW, respectively. MSG was administered orally from the 5th day of pregnancy until the end of the lactation period. The calcium levels in the teeth and alveolar bones of the offspring were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD. The mean calcium levels in the teeth and alveolar bones of the offspring in the MSG treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The reduction in calcium levels was dose-dependent, with the higher MSG dose (6 mg/g BW) resulting in a more pronounced decrease compared to the lower dose (3 mg/g BW). Maternal MSG intake during pregnancy and lactation leads to a dose-dependent decrease in calcium levels in rat offspring’s teeth and alveolar bones, suggesting that excessive MSG intake during these critical periods potentially leads to impaired tooth and bone development
Effect of sodium thiosulfate irrigation on push-out bond strength of root canal obturation material
No full textSodium hypochlorite is used as irrigation solution during root canal preparation because of its antibacterial effect. However, it degrades dentinal collagen and generates oxygen free layer on dentin surfaces that might prevent penetration of sealer. Sodium thiosulfate is an antioxidant and has been reported to neutralize that side effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of concentration and application time of sodium thiosulfate irrigation on push-out bond strength of root canal obturation material. This study used extracted human mandibular premolars single root post extraction. The root canals were prepared using crown down technique up to file F3. The samples were divided into four groups. Groups IA and IB were irrigated with sodium thiosulfate 5% for 3 and 5 minutes, while Groups IIA and IIB were irrigated with sodium thiosulfate 10% for 3 and 5 minutes. The control group was irrigated with saline for 3 and 5 minutes. The root canals were obturated with epoxy resin sealer and gutta percha, and were incubated for 7 days. Samples were horizontally sectioned into 2 mm thickness in apical third and were tested with push-out technique using universal testing machine. The adherence failure of samples was observed using stereo microscope. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. There was a significant effect between concentration of sodium thiosulfate on push-out bond strength (p 0.05). The application of antioxidant resulted in an increase in the push-out bond strength of root canal obturation material, with 10% sodium thiosulfate demonstrating the highest push-out bond strength
Unsuspected oral pigmentation in patient with systemic disease histories
No full textOral pigmentation refers to a pigmented lesion on the oral mucosa, caused by one or more pigments that accumulate, resulting in tissue color change. Pigment lesions can vary in size, color, and location, and may range from benign to malignant. The role of the dentist is crucial in recognizing and classifying these lesions to facilitate proper treatment. This case report describes oral pigmentary abnormalities suspected to be indicative of an undiagnosed systemic disease. A 52-year-old woman presented with complaints of brittle teeth. Upon examination, changes in her oral mucosa were noted, and she was found to have uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as a history of hysterectomy due to a tumor. Intraoral and extraoral examination revealed macular pigmentation on the mucosa and skin, particularly on the extremities. After further investigation, we concluded that early detection of polyps is important, as these patients may be susceptible to neoplasia development in areas outside the intestines. Dentists should be vigilant in recognizing a wide range of lesions that can assist in diagnosing conditions beyond oral health, to ensure patients receive appropriate treatment
A Comparative microleakage analysis of two bioactive root perforation sealing materials
No full textComplications during root canal therapy, such as perforation, might lead to failure of root canal therapy. A root perforation allows the root canal system and periradicular tissue to communicate, which may affect the treatment outcome. The ability of perforated sealing materials to stop microleakage is also crucial to the success of the treatment. The latest bioactive materials, such as bioactive calcium silicate cement (BCSC) and enhanced resin-modified glass ionomer (ERMGIC), are used. This study compares the microleakage of BCSC and ERMGIC as a material for sealing root perforations at different observation times. Thirty post-extraction premolars, no caries, and single roots were used in this study. Samples were divided into two different groups. The perforation simulation was created using cylindrical fissure round-end burs at a distance of 2 mm from the cervical line. Following the use of BCSC and ERMGIC to seal the perforation, the samples were separated into three subgroups and immersed in a simulated body fluid for different durations in an incubator set at 37°C. As soon as the samples reached the immersion period, all samples were immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours. It was then divided into two parts and examined under a microscope at 50x magnification. The two-way ANOVA test demonstrated no significant variation in the microleakage of the root perforation seal, depending on the material type and the observation time. This study found that microleakage, a material used to seal root perforations, was unaffected by the types of materials used or the length of the observation period
Endodontic Care for Patients with Polycythemia: Clinical Considerations and Case Analysis
No full textPolycythemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of red blood cells due to mutations in early hematopoietic cells, often linked to Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene mutations. Polycythemia vera (PV), the primary form of the disease, leads to increased blood viscosity and stasis, raising the risk of thrombotic events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Secondary polycythemia results from hypoxic conditions, stimulating erythropoietin production. Diagnosis is confirmed through hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, with treatment aimed at reducing thrombosis and hemorrhage risks. Low-risk patients are treated with aspirin and phlebotomy, while high-risk cases may require cytoreductive therapies like hydroxyurea.In our case, a patient presented with necrosis and horizontal bone loss in tooth 36, complicated by polycythemia. Due to the increased risk of bleeding and inflammation, the decision was made to prioritize endodontic treatment, avoiding periodontal surgery. The patient, considered low-risk for PV complications due to the absence of thrombosis history, was managed conservatively. Preoperative coordination with hematologists was essential to optimize hematologic parameters and minimize potential risks.The goal of endodontic treatment was to disinfect and seal the root canal, reducing inflammation in the surrounding periodontal tissues and preventing reinfection. This approach allowed for effective management of the patient's oral condition while minimizing systemic risks. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing dental treatment for patients with polycythemia, ensuring both local and systemic complications are effectively addressed
Combined techniques of buccal fat pad and buccal advancement flap for revision of failed oroantral fistula closure treatment
No full textOroantral fistula (OAF) is a complication of dental extraction that is defined as open pathological communication between oral cavity and sinus of the maxillary with the involvement of epithelization of a canal. Oroantral fistula will cause infection, impaired healing, and chronic sinusitis. This article reports a case of OAF in tooth 16 which occurred after 11 months following unsuccessful sinus closure treatment. Many approaches are widely used for the closure of OAF, such as using a buccal fat pad (BFP), buccal advancement flap (BAF), or a combination. This study aims to describe the combined techniques of BFP and BAF in OAF closure of large defects with a history of previous closure failure. A 31-year-old male patient came to our hospital for the presence of OAF for 2-3 weeks. The patient underwent OAC closure at another hospital 11 months prior, but the complaint recurred. Diagnosis of OAF was carried out using the Valsalva test. A combination of BFP and BAF techniques was done to close the OAF after the removal of the epithelial. Evaluation of the treatment after 30 days showed adequate healing and full closure of OAF. OAF closure with the combined techniques of BFP and BAF displays promising results for the revision of failed OAF closure treatment
In vitro antibiofilm evaluation of ocimum basilicum extracts against enterococcus faecalis
No full textEnterococcus faecalis is the main pathogenic bacterium in the root canal which is resistant to various antibacterial agents. Recently, the discovery of a new antibacterial agent research focus in herbal dentistry, one of which is basil leaves. Basil (kemangi) leaves (Ocimum basilicum) are herbs that have various active components as anti-biofilm agents. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial potential of O. basilicum extract against the biofilm formation by E. faecalis. This research uses true experimental laboratory design. The kemangi leaves were gradually extracted with various polarity based organic solvents (n-hexane and ethyl acetate). The evaluation of the anti-biofilm activity of the extracts against E. faecalis aimed to determine the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values. Calcium hydroxide paste (calcipex) was used as a positive control. The assay data were analyzed using an independent paired T-test. Ethyl acetate, n-hexane extract of O. basilicum, and calcipex inhibited biofilm formation by E. faecalis with MBIC values of 100%, 100%, and 75.20% at the concentrations of 2.5%, 10%, and 3.13%, respectively. The MBEC values were 100%, 100%, and 71.01% at the concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, and 3.13%, respectively. The statistical analysis by ANOVA test on MBIC and MBEC showed significant differences with p-values < 0.05. Further statistical valuation with post hoc analysis showed highly significant differences with p-values < 0.01. This study has found that O. basilicum leaves extracts have the capacity and ability to inhibit and eradicate E. faecalis biofilms