Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
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Oral mucositis severity in patient with head and neck cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy
No full textOral mucositis is an inflammatory process and ulcerative of the oral mucosa due to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The incidence and severity of oral mucositis might be influenced by a variety of risk factors, related to the host and treatment of the cancer. This aim of the case report is to evaluate risk factors that affect the severity of oral mucositis in two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The first case, oral mucositis grade III and oral candidiasis to a 54-year old woman undergoing 16 times radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV. The second case, oral mucositis grade I and oral candidiasis were found in a 55-year old man suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV who has been treated 10 times with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both patients had a similar age range and cancer stage. The differences of severity oral mucositis in both cases were suspected due to the host factors-related that are gender and nutritional status. In addition, intra-oral condition (poor oral hygiene, xerostomia), smoking habits and patient compliance may also affect the severity of oral mucositis in the second case. Treatment factors such as the type, dose and duration of chemotherapy t, might also affect the severity in both cases. Both patients were given chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, nystatin oral suspension, vitamin B12, and folic acid for treating oral mucositis. In conclusion, the understanding of risk factors oral mucositis is deemed necessary to control the severity and to provide an appropriate management to improve the quality of patients’ life
Rapid enamel deposition on Sprague Dawley after nano calcium supplementation during pregnancy
No full textCalcium is one of the most important minerals needed during hard tissue development. The preparation of this material into nano-sized particle is carried out to enhance the bioavailability and distribution of calcium in the body. Lack of calcium during odontogenesis causes defect in enamel such as hypoplasia and hypomineralization. During amelogenesis, after secretion of organic matrices, enamel mineralization will start in the presence of calcium. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nano calcium supplementation during pregnancy on enamel development. In this study, 3-month-old female Sprague Dawley were mated and divided into three groups: nano calcium group (A), micro calcium group (B), and negative control group (C). The treatment was started on day 1 of pregnancy to day 1 after birth by intragastric administration method. The mandibles of 6 pups from each group were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examination was conducted using microscope. Enamel deposition was measured using Optilab Image Raster® and the data collected was analyzed using t-test. Histological section of mandibular right first molar on Sprague Dawley newborn pups showed that enamel was observed on day 1 after birth but only on the group treated with nano calcium and micro calcium. Statistical analysis performed showed that the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.05). From this study it can be concluded that the administration of nano calcium during pregnancy leads to rapid enamel deposition on Sprague Dawley pups
The effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 to hydroxyapatite discs
No full textThe demineralization of dental hard tissues can be caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque contains various components, especially bacteria attached to the extracellular matrix. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has extracellular glucan as adhesin that is important in the attachment mechanism of tooth surface. The natural substance can be used for preventing plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of S. mutans. Soursop plant has been used in treating various diseases. The leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) are used as a material to inhibit potential attachment of bacteria S. mutans. Common surfaces that is used in adhesion testing is hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) on the adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 to HA discs. Soursop leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The experiment was carried out by analyzing the inhibition adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 on HA discs after incubation with different concentrations of soursop leaf extract. The concentrations of extract tested were: 150; 125; 100; 75; and 50 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 5% was used a negative one. Data were evaluated by One Way Anova. This study statistically showed significant differences of S. mutans colony count between groups (p<0.05).The results of a post hoc Dunnett T3 test showed that the 2 highest concentrations of extract (125 and 150 mg/ml) reduced S. mutans adhesion on HA discs.The obtained results showed that ethanol extract of soursop leave inhibits the adherence of S. mutans to the HA disc
Effects of nano-hydroxyapatite paste on enamel microporosity after bleaching treatment
No full textBleaching or teeth whitening is a popular dental conservative treatment to enhance aesthetics. Bleaching treatment in many cases has successfully improved aesthetics but still remains the side effects. It can cause some changes in enamel structure leading to demineralization characterized by the emergence of microporosity on the enamel surface. Nano-hydroxyapatite is potential to re-mineralize earlyenamel lesions. This study aims to identify the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite on enamel microporosity after bleaching treatment. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The control and treatment group administered a placebo and nano-hydroxyapatite paste respectively, for 7 days after bleaching treatment. Once the treatment was completed, the rabbit was sacrificed, the jaw was decapitated, upper and lower incisors of the rabbit were separated from the jaw. Subsequently, the sample preparation wasconducted for examination of enamel microporosity depth by using scanning electron microscope. The results showed the control group had more microporositycompared to the treatment group. The independent t-test result showed that enamel microporosityhad a significant value of 0.003 (p <0.05) meaning that enamel microporosity between both groups had a significant difference. The conclusion of this study was administration of nan-hydroxyapatite paste reduced enamel microporosityin the administration of nano-hydroxyapatite pastes compared to the placebo pastes after bleaching treatment
Penatalaksanaan emergensi pada trauma oromaksilofasial disertai fraktur basis kranii anterior
No full textEmergency management of oromaxillofacial trauma with anterior cranial base fracture. Oromaxillofacial trauma with cranial base fracture is a case that is quite commonly found in the ER of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Emergency management aims to take any appropriate action, prevent complications, and consult to other departments involved. A man aged 28 years came with bleeding from the mouth due to a motorcycle accident approximately 6 hours before admission to the hospital. Physical examination showed facial asymmetry, bilateral periorbital edema and hematoma, rhinorrhea, and stitches in labiomental area. Intraoral examination showed maxillary, palatal, parasymphisis, dentoalveolar fractures, lacerated wound on the upper lip, lower lip, palate, gingival, difficulty in opening the mouth, and malocclusion of the teeth. Immediate and rapid surgical and maxillofacial surgical emergency was performed with minimal maxillary intervention, aiming to prevent persistent spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak, and prevent infection. The management of soft tissue and hard tissue injury is by reduction, fixation and immobilization of fractures, management of pain and administration of antibiotics. In conclusion, the emergency management of oromaxillofacial trauma with cranial base fracture is promptly and rapidly carried out with minimal intervention.ABSTRAKTrauma oromaksilofasial disertai fraktur basis kranii merupakan kasus yang cukup banyak ditemukan di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penatalaksanaan emergensi bertujuan untuk melakukan tindakan yang tepat, mencegah komplikasi, serta konsultasi kepada bagian lain yang terkait. Seorang laki- laki usia 28 tahun datang dengan keluhan perdarahan dari mulut akibat kecelakaan motor kurang lebih 6 jam sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan wajah asimetris, edema dan hematoma pada regio periorbita bilateral, terdapat rhinorrhea, serta bekas jahitan pada regio labiomental. Pemeriksaan intra oral tampak fraktur pada daerah maksila, palatum, parasimfisis, fraktur dentoalveolar, vulnus laserasi pada bibir atas, bibir bawah, palatum, gingiva, kesulitan membuka mulut, dan maloklusi gigi geligi. Tindakan emergensi bedah mulut dan maksilofasial dilakukan segera dan cepat dengan minimal intervensi pada rahang atas bertujuan untuk mencegah kebocoran cairan serebro spinal persisten, dan mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Manajemen luka jaringan lunak dan jaringan keras, melakukan reduksi, fiksasi dan imobilisasi fraktur, manajemen nyeri serta pemberian antibiotik. Penatalaksanaan emergensi pada trauma oromaksilofasial disertai fraktur basis kranii dilakukan segera dan cepat dengan minimal intervensi
Efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur wistar
No full textAnti-caries effect of gambier extract on male wistar rats. Several previous studies have mentioned that gambir extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) because it contains active substances of catechins and tannins. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-caries effect of gambir extract on male Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were inoculated with S. mutans, given cariogenic foods and divided into 4 groups according to the doses of gambir extract, namely 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg and placebo. After 60 days, the rats were euthanized, then the number of caries on the mesial or distal and occlusal surfaces was counted by using the Keyes’ method. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. The results revealed that caries was found only in occlusal surfaces with an enamel depth. There is no significant difference among all the groups, so it can be concluded that gambir extract at 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg doses do not have anti-caries effect on the teeth of male Wistar rats. ABSTRAKBeberapa penelitian terdahulu mengatakan bahwa ekstrak gambir dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Steptococcus mutans (S. mutans) karena mengandung zat aktif katekin dan tanin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur Wistar. Tiga puluh enam ekor tikus galur Wistar diinokulasi dengan S. mutans, diberikan makanan kariogenik dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yakni, kelompok yang diberi dosis ekstrak gambir 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg dan plasebo. Setelah 60 hari, tikus di eutanasia, kemudian dihitung jumlah karies pada permukaan halus dan oklusal dengan menggunakan metode Keyes. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan tes Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa karies ditemukan hanya pada pemukaan oklusal dengan kedalaman email. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antar semua kelompok, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak gambir dengan dosis 6 mg, 12 mg dan 24 mg tidak memiliki efek antikaries pada gigi tikus jantan galur Wistar
Pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan kepatuhan perawatan gigi tiruan lepasan
No full textEducation and economic status with removable denturescare users’ obedience. Indonesian usually less maintains dental and oral hygiene increasing 24% in prevalence edentulousness. In oral health, especially to avoid disturbances occurring due to loss of the tooth, it would require the replacement of missing teeth with artificial teeth. Removable denture care users’ obedience is supported by the level of education and economic status. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between education and economic status with removable denture care wearers’ obedience. This research used observational analytic survey method with cross sectional design. The research location is in Puskesmas Pembantu Tompeyan, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta working area. The population covers all residents who meet the inclusion criteria which are in the age of more than 20 years old, have their own income, have the will to be respondents, and can work together. The research time was on September until November 2016. The sampling technique is using saturated sampling technique and the sample’s number are 43. The research instrument is removable denture care users’obedience questionnaire in the form of 10 statement checklists.The results of the research were respondents with college education level have the greatest obedience was 13 people (30.2%), while respondents with middle economic status having the biggest obedience were 10 people (23.3%). According to Kendall's Tau test results, this research has a significant relationship between level of education and removable denture care users’ obedience of (p=0.049) and economic status andremovable denture care users’ obedience of (p=0.004). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between level of education and economic status with removable denture care users’ obedience. ABSTRAKDalam kesehatan gigi dan mulut terutama untuk menghindari gangguan-gangguan yang dapat terjadi akibat kehilangan gigi tersebut, maka diperlukan penggantian gigi yang hilang dengan gigi tiruan. Kepatuhan perawatan pemakai gigi tiruan lepasan didukung oleh tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan kepatuhan perawatan pemakai gigi tiruan lepasan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pembantu Tompeyan, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta. Populasi meliputi seluruh warga yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu berusia lebih dari 20 tahun dan menggunakan protesa, sudah memiliki penghasilan, bersedia menjadi responden dan bisa bekerja sama. Waktu penelitian pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling dan jumlah sampel ada 43. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner kepatuhan perawatan gigi tiruan berupa checklist 10 pernyataan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden dengan tingkat pendidikan perguruan tinggi memiliki kepatuhan terbesar yaitu 13 orang (30,2%) sedangkan responden dengan status ekonomi sedang yang memiliki kepatuhan terbesar yaitu 10 orang (23,3%). Hasil uji Kendall’s Tau menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan perawatan pemakai gigi tiruan lepasan (p=0,049) dan status ekonomi dengan kepatuhan perawatan pemakai gigi tiruan lepasan (p=0,004). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan kepatuhan perawatan pemakai gigi tiruan lepasan.
Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut pasca ceramah pendidikan kesehatan gigi disertai diskusi kelompok atau disertai hands on
No full textABSTRACT: The difference increased knowledge and attitudes of mothers about oral hygiene through dental health education lecture with discussion groups and lectures with hands on. Dental health education will be more effective when started from the family by teaching the mothers about the importance of oral health maintenance. This study aims to determine the difference in the increased knowledge and the attitudes of mothers about oral hygiene through dental health education lecture with discussion groups and lectures with hands on. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest and post-test group design. The subjects of research were 95 mothers of children aged 6-8 years who met the inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. Group I in PPA IO-497 Benjamin Oebufu, Kupang (53 subjects) were given a lecture with discussion groups and group II in PPA IO-495 Alfa Omega Bakunase 2, Kota Kupang with total of 42 subjects were given a lecture with hands on. Measuring tool was a questionnaire. The analysis of data using Statistic Program for Social Science (SPSS) for a different test testing the T-test for normal distribution of data, while the Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were for abnormal distribution data. The initial analysis on knowledge and attitudes obtained some comparable results in which there were no differences between treatment groups I and II (p > 0.05). The results of the analysis of mean differences between groups on post-test 1 and 2 showed some significant differences knowledge and attitudes in the treatment group II of the treatment group I (p < 0.05). The results of the analysis of the average increase showed the increased knowledge and attitudes were significant in both treatment groups. Delta analysis results from pre-test to post-test 1 and pre-test to post-test 2 showed the treatment group improved knowledge and attitudes II is higher than in the treatment group I (p < 0.05). Dental health education using lecture with hands on increased knowledge and attitudes about the subject of oral hygiene of the a lecture with discussion groups. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut melalui pendidikan kesehatan gigi metode ceramah disertai diskusi kelompok dan ceramah disertai hands on. Penelitian dilakukan pada subjek penelitian sebanyak 95 ibu dari anak umur 6-8 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan I di PPA IO-497 Benyamin Oebufu, Kota Kupang sebanyak 53 subjek diberikan ceramah disertai diskusi kelompok dan kelompok II di PPA IO-495 Alfa Omega Bakunase 2, Kota Kupang sebanyak 42 subjek diberikan ceramah disertai hands on. Alat ukur dalam penelitian adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan Statistik Program for Social Scince (SPSS) untuk uji beda yaitu uji T-test untuk data distribusi normal, sedangkan Mann-Whitney test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test untuk data distribusi tidak normal. Hasil analisis perbedaan rerata antar kelompok pada post-test 1 dan 2 terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan II lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok perlakuan I (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis rerata peningkatan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok perlakuan. Hasil anal isis delta dari pre-test ke post-test 1 dan pre-test ke post-test 2 menunjukkan pada kelompok perlakuan II peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok perlakuan I (p < 0,05). Pendidikan kesehatan gigi dengan metode ceramah disertai hands on lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap subjek tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut dari pada metode ceramah disertai diskusi kelompok
Kombinasi penggunaan quadhelix dan tanggul gigitan posterior pada perawatan crossbite anterior
No full textCombination quad helix and bite riser posterior for anterior crossbite treatment. Anterior crossbite treatment can be done with the appliances either by removable appliances or fixed appliances. One fixed appliance that can be used in the treatment of anterior crossbite is a quad helix with a combination of bite raiser posterior. It is the preferred appliance for correction of maxillary dental constriction in a preadolescent child. Quad helix is activated by widening the anterior or posterior helices. An 11-year-old female patient referred to the clinic with a problem of crowding teeth that affected her appearance. The diagnosis for her case was malocclusions dentoalveolar class I angle along with anterior crossbite 12 and 21, anterior crowding maxilla with convex face profile, shifted median line, and no TMJ disorder. The treatment plan used a quad helix and bite riser posterior followed by a fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to correct the anterior crossbite using a combination of a quad helix and bite raiser posterior. The patient was treated using composite bite raiser posterior on the occlusal surface of 16.26, and quad helix soldered to bands and cemented on 16 and 26. The patient was instructed to get her teeth controlled every two week to activate quad helix. After 3 months of active treatment, anterior crossbite was corrected. The appliance was left passively in place for 3 months as retention. The study concluded that crossbite treatment with a combination of a quad helix and bite riser was effective in correcting anterior crossbite in adolescents.ABSTRAKPerawatan crossbite anterior dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa macam alat baik dengan alat lepasan ataupun alat cekat. Salah satu alat semi cekat yang dapat digunakan pada perawatan crossbite anterior adalah quad helix dengan kombinasi tanggul gigitan posterior. Quad helix merupakan alat yang dapat digunakan untuk konstriksi dental di maksila pada masa remaja. Seorang pasien anak perempuan berusia 11 tahun mengeluhkan keadaan giginya yang berjejal dan menganggu penampilannya. Diagnosis kasus adalah maloklusi dentoalveolar kelas I angle disertai crossbite gigi 12 dan 21, crowding anterior rahang atas dengan profil muka cembung, garis median tidak sesuai dan tidak disertai gangguan TMJ. Rencana perawatan menggunakan quad helix dan tanggul gigitan posterior kemudian dilanjutkan dengan perawatan ortodontik cekat. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menyajikan perawatan crossbite anterior dengan menggunakan kombinasi quad helix dan tanggul gigitan posterior. Pasien dirawat menggunakan tanggul gigitan komposit posterior pada permukaan oklusal gigi 16, 26 dan quad helix yang disolder pada molar band dan disementasi di molar band pada gigi 16 dan 26 kemudian pasien diinstruksikan untuk kontrol setiap dua minggu satu kali kunjungan untuk aktivasi quad helix. Setelah perawatan aktif 3 bulan crossbite anterior telah terkoreksi. Alat ditinggalkan di dalam mulut dalam keadaan pasif selama 3 bulan sebagai retensi. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa perawatan crossbite dengan kombinasi quad helix dan tanggul gigitan posterior efektif dalam mengoreksi crossbite anterior pada remaja
Pengaruh variasi berat polimer terhadap sifat fisik Patch NaF
No full textInfluence of weight polymer variation towards sodium fluoride patch physical properties. Fluoride has been proven as a material for strengthen teeth. Many fluoride modalities are available nowadays, and the recent is sodium fluoride (NaF) patch which delivers fluoride via transdermal. No report was found about the physical properties of NaF patch based on polymer variation used. Research purpose was to find NaF patch with polymer variation which has good physical properties. Research design was quasy experimental with post test group research as research approach. Dependent variables included polymer variation and stored time; independent variable included patch thickness; resistance of folding; weight; drug content; percentage of moisture uptake and percentage loss on drying. NaF Patch manufacturing used solvent casting method the polymer PVA and PVP mixed in 2 ml aquabidest inwater bath until polymer dissolved; 100 mg of NaF mixed in 2 ml aquabi 0,1 ml oleic acid; 0,1 ml IPA mixed in glass tube and dissolved in 3,8 ml aquabidest. Three kinds of NaF patch with polymer variation were made. All materials were mixed in glass tube and stirred until dissolved, then pour into petry disc and allowed for 3 days until it dry. Research result showed a difference of physical properties among three NaF patch. Patch with variation PVP : PVA = 1 : 2 resulted in the best physical properties. Storing patch in aluminum foil did not cause any differences of physical properties. NaF patch with good polymer variation can be developed for further research. ABSTRAKFluorida sudah terbukti sebagai bahan untuk memperkuat permukaan gigi. Berbagai sediaan fluoride sudah banyak ditemukan. Sediaan fluoride yang terbaru adalah dalam bentuk plester yang melepaskan ion fluorida lewat kulit. Sediaan plester sodium fluorida (NaF) sudah ditemukan tetapi belum ada lapran mengenai sifat fisik plester berdasarkan variasi polimer yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan plester dengan variasi berat polimer yang menghasilkan sifat fisik yang baik. Desain penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan post test groupresearch design sebagai rancangan penelitian. Variabel pengaruh adalah variasi polimer dan lama penyimpanan (1 dan 7 hari), variabel terpengaruh adalah ketebalan, daya tahan terhadap lipatan, berat, kandungan obat, persentase moisture uptake dan persentase loss on drying. Pembuatan plester NaF menggunakan solvent casting method PVA; PVP dipanaskan dalam water bath sampai polimer larut; NaF 100 mg diaduk dalam 2 ml aquabides; 0,1 ml asam oleat; 0,1 ml IPA dicampur menjadi satu dalam tabung kacadan dilarutkan dalam 3,8 ml aquabides. Dibuat 3 jenis plester NaF dengan konsentrasi polimer bervariasi. Semua bahan kemudian dicampur menjadi satu dalam tabung kaca dan diaduk sampai larut, dituang dalam cawan petri dan didiamkan selama ± 3 hari. Jika sudah kering maka matriks diambil dengan pisau khusus dan disimpan dalam alumunium foil sampai digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sifat fisik pada ke tiga jenis plester NaF. Plester dengan perbandingan PVP : PVA = 1 : 2 menghasilkan sifat fisik paling baik. Penyimpanan dalam alumunium foil tidak menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan sifat fisik plester NaF. Plester NaF dengan variasi polimer yang baik dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Perlu dikembangkan plester NaF dengan variasi polimer terbaik