Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
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The prevalence of the stylohyoid ligament ossification in Surabaya, Indonesia: an incidental finding study in panoramic radiographs
No full textStylohyoid ligament ossification is a growth disorder that is often detected as an incidental finding on panoramic radiography. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still not fully understood. Eagle's Syndrome is related to stylohyoid ligament ossification, but this syndrome is often misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed so that the patients experience losses due to undergoing various unnecessary treatments. The appearance of stylohyoid ligament ossification on panoramic radiography can help to confirm the diagnosis of Eagle's Syndrome. Until now there has been no research regarding stylohyoid ligament ossification at RSGMP UNAIR. This study amied to determine the incidence of stylohyoid ligament ossification that is observed through panoramic radiography at RSGMP UNAIR. This research is a descriptive observational study. The data used is secondary data from soft file panoramic radiographs of RSGMP UNAIR patients in the period May 2019-May 2023 which is in accordance with the sample inclusion criteria, as well as reading results by a dental radiology specialist. The data was then grouped based on gender, age, and morphology (unilateral/bilateral) and analyzed using the Cohen's Kappa Coefficient reliability statistical test. The results showed that 416 patients (9.09%) experienced stylohyoid ligament ossification. The highest distribution occurred in female with 260 patients (62.5%), the 25-64 years age group with 274 patients (65.86%) and the bilateral type with 341 patients (82%). From this study, the distribution data of stylohyoid ligament ossification based on gender, age, and morphology (unilateral/bilateral) were obtained
The effect of supernatants of Lactobacillus casei against Porphyromonas gingivalis
No full textPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues primarily caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). In recent years, probiotics have been proposed as a potential bacteriotherapeutic approach for periodontitis. Probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) are known to produce antibacterial compounds, which can be found in their culture supernatants. The ability of L. casei to grow and synthesize these substances depends on environmental factors, including pH. Based on preliminary findings, a pH of 6.5 was used in this study. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of L. casei supernatant against P. gingivalis in vitro. The research employed an experimental post-test-only group design. Two control groups were included: a negative control (aquadest) and a positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine). The treatment groups received L. casei supernatant at volumes of 20 µl, 50 µl, and 80 µl, with incubation periods of 6, 12, and 24 hours. The results demonstrated that the L. casei supernatant exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis at a volume of 80 µl after 12 hours of incubation. The Shapiro–Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed, while Levene’s test revealed a lack of homogeneity. Post hoc analysis showed significant differences among all treatment groups at the 12-hour incubation point. In conclusion, the supernatant of L. casei exhibits in vitro antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis
Differences in bone quality and condylar head shape between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic patients
No full textThis study aimed to compare bone quality—assessed through mandibular bone density—and condylar head shape between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetic (non-DM) individuals, using bone histogram values derived from panoramic radiographs. An observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study population comprised all panoramic radiographic records collected during the study period. The sample consisted of 25 radiographs: 11 from male patients (DM and non-DM) and 14 from female patients (DM and non-DM), aged 40–60 years. Bone density was measured using a histogram analysis within a 4 × 4 mm region of interest (ROI) in the condylar head area, and the condylar head shape was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed. The findings revealed no statistically significant difference in mandibular bone density in the condylar area between DM and non-DM patients (p > 0.005). Similarly, the condylar head shape was predominantly oval in both groups. While individuals with type 2 DM tended to exhibit lower bone density values than non-DM individuals, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in bone density were observed between the left and right condylar heads. However, variations in condylar head morphology were noted
Effect of chitosan–hydroxyapatite scaffolds seeded with cryopreserved hADMSCs on bone sialoprotein secretion
No full textTooth extraction can lead to alveolar bone resorption, requiring regenerative approaches using biomaterial scaffolds combined with stem cells. Chitosan–hydroxyapatite (CS–HA), a well-established scaffold that mimics the composition of human bone, combined with stem cells represents a promising strategy to promote bone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan–hydroxyapatite (CS-HA) scaffolds seeded with cryopreserved human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) on bone sialoprotein (BSP) secretion. The hADMSCs used in this study were commercially obtained cryopreserved cells (ATCC® PCS-500-011™) and were characterized by flow cytometry. Scaffolds were fabricated using a freeze-drying method by combining chitosan and hydroxyapatite in a 1 : 1 ratio, followed by freezing at −80 °C. A post-test-only control group design was employed, consisting of 36 samples divided into three groups: positive control (CS-HA + hADMSCs + a-MEM), negative control (hADMSCs + osteogenic medium), and treatment (CS-HA + hADMSCs + osteogenic medium), and BSP levels were subsequently quantified on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 using ELISA. One-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference among groups (p = 0.000), with the highest BSP secretion observed in treatment group on day 14 (BSP levels 44.29 ± 2.58), followed by treatment group on day 28 (BSP levels 46.19 ± 7.64). The significantly elevated BSP secretion in the treatment group on day 14 demonstrates osteoinductive characteristics of the CS-HA scaffold, supporting its potential application in bone tissue engineering and regeneration
Do different flap designs have negligible impacts on the removal of mandibular third molars?
No full textThis study aims to evaluate various flap incision techniques utilized in the mandibular third molar removal surgery. A systematic review with a qualitative approach was conducted. Data were obtained from published journals through manual database searches via Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed covering the period from 2000 to 2024, using predetermined keywords related to the topic. The PRISMA statement guidelines were followed, including the use of the official flow chart. Twenty-one journals were identified and analyzed to compare different flap designs in mandibular third molar extraction procedures, focusing on their relationship with wound healing processes and complication rates. Comparative analysis of flap incision techniques was performed through systematic evaluation of multiple journal data. Both envelope and triangular flaps demonstrated comparable healing times in third molar extraction procedures. The envelope flap, while minimally invasive, showed association with dry socket occurrence. The triangular flap provided superior surgical access and demonstrated pain reduction following mandibular third molar surgery. The pedicle flap showed effectiveness in preventing dry socket and alveolar osteitis. In addition, the Lingual-based triangular flap proved superior to buccal-based triangular flap in controlling postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus while reducing overall complications. This analysis demonstrates that flap design selection significantly influences postoperative outcomes in mandibular third molar surgical procedures. Both triangular and envelope flap can be considered for the procedure of mandibular wisdom teeth removal
Fibrous epulis: a case report on the management of a massive benign tumor on the right mandible with local anaesthesia
No full textEpulis is a gingival hyperplasia that originates from the connective tissue of the periodontal membrane, caused by chronic irritation. Fibrous epulis presents clinically with or without a stalk; has a pale color, a resilient consistency, well-defined borders, firm texture; does not easily bleed; and does not cause pain. When epulis reaches a significant size, it can interfere with oral cavity function and the patient's nutritional intake. An 82-year-old female patient presented at the oral surgery clinic of RSPAU Hardjolukito with a complaint of a lump on the right mandible. The patient reported that the lump had appeared since the last several months and caused difficulties eating and speaking. Clinical examination revealed a mass with resilient consistency, well-defined borders, firm texture, no tendency to bleed, and no pain, measuring 4.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm on the right mandible, preventing the patient from chewing and closing her mouth. The lesion was removed surgically under local anesthesia and histopathological examination findings showed fibromyxoid connective tissue, confirming the definitive diagnosis of fibrous epulis without signs of malignancy. No complications occurred, and the patient reported a significant improvement in the oral cavity function and facial aesthetics. This case highlights the importance of early identification and appropriate management to achieve good outcomes with minimal risk. Excision with local anesthesia is a safe option to avoid the risks associated with general anesthesia
Apicoectomy and root canal treatment of a maxillary right central incisor with discoloration, class IV ellis fracture, and radicular cyst
No full textIn cases of pulp necrosis, infection products can spread into the periapical tissues, triggering an inflammatory response that stimulates the proliferation of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. As the epithelial mass enlarges, the central cells—farther from the nutritional supply, undergo necrosis, leading to fluid accumulation. The cyst continues to expand due to cyst wall proliferation and increased hydrostatic pressure in the lumen. This pressure causes the accumulated fluid to spread and compress the epithelial lining of the fibrous capsule. This report presents the successful management of a radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region through apicoectomy. The patient, who sustained a traumatic injury and fractured the tooth at the age of 10, later experienced pain and gingival swelling. Clinical examination revealed a Class IV Ellis fracture and discoloration of tooth 11. Radiographic evaluation showed a well-defined, rounded radiolucency approximately 20 mm in diameter in the periapical region of teeth 11 and 12, extending toward tooth 13. The treatment plan included disinfection and healing enhancement (DHE), root canal therapy, apicoectomy, and intracoronal bleaching. Apicoectomy proved to be a reliable treatment with a favorable prognosis for anterior teeth
The effect of video modeling and tell-show-do on anxiety during dental radiographic examinations among children
No full textDental procedure anxiety refers to the fear experienced before and during dental treatment. To reduce anxiety levels in children undergoing radiographic examinations, non-pharmacological behavioral management techniques such as tell-show-do and modeling can be employed. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of video modeling and the tell-show-do technique in reducing anxiety in children aged 5–7 years undergoing dental radiographic examinations at RSGM Prof. Soedomo, UGM. This quantitative study used a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants were children aged 5–7 years who underwent radiographic examinations at the Radiology Department of RSGM Prof. Soedomo, UGM, between September and December 2023. The sample was divided into three groups: Group A received the video modeling intervention, Group B received the tell-show-do intervention, and Group C served as the control group. Data were collected using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaire and physiological anxiety measurements (blood pressure and pulse rate) using an Omron HEM-6161 digital tensiometer. MDAS scores were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, while blood pressure and pulse rate were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. A total of 146 participants were included. Significant differences were observed in MDAS scores, blood pressure, and pulse rate from pretest to posttest among all groups (p < 0.05). The tell-show-do group showed the greatest reduction in anxiety (3.74 ± 2.62), followed by the video modeling group (3.33 ± 2.30), and the control group (0.92 ± 2.33). Both the tell-show-do technique and video modeling are effective in reducing dental anxiety in children aged 5–7 years undergoing radiographic examinations at RSGM Prof. Soedomo, UGM
Polyvinyl alcohol–collagen–hydroxyapatite composite membrane derived from Lates calcarifer for alveolar socket preservation
No full textAlveolar socket preservation (ASP) requires an ideal barrier membrane that provides anti-bacterial activity, water contact angle (WCA) and swelling behavior to support bone regeneration. This study evaluated these characteristics in a Polyvinyl Alcohol-Collagen-Hydroxyapatite composite membranes derived from the scales of Lates calcarifer.L. The PVA-Col-HA CM was produced from the scales of Lates calcarifer through mixing, homogenization, casting, and drying and then divided into three groups: non-irradiated, 15 kGy irradiation, and 25 kGy irradiation. Antibacterial activity was assessed by disk-diffusion test and inhibition zone diameters were measured. Water contact angle was determined using a contact angle goniometer on both membrane surfaces. Swelling behavior was evaluated by immersing samples in phosphate-buffered saline for 60 minutes, followed by periodic weighing and calculation using a swelling formula. The anti-bacterial activity test showed a larger zone of inhibition in the 25 kGy group by 2mm on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One-way ANOVA test of WCA values showed significant differences (p 0.05) among groups, but the linear graph shows that the 25kGy group displayed the lowest and most stable swelling profile. These findings suggest that the PVA-Col-HA CM exhibited favorable anti-bacterial activity, WCA, and swelling behavior, with optimal performance observed in the 25 kGy irradiation group
A Custom-made nasal prosthesis rehabilitation post total rhinectomy
No full textSinonasal carcinoma (SNC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Total rhinectomy, though potentially life-saving, results in significant functional and psychosocial impairments. This case highlights the use of a custom-made room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone nasal prosthesis as a non-invasive rehabilitation option post-rhinectomy. A 50-year-old male presented with persistent nasal discharge and epistaxis. Imaging and biopsy confirmed high-grade non-intestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma, staged as T4aN0M0 (Stage IVA). The patient underwent total rhinectomy followed by radiotherapy. After sufficient healing, maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation was initiated. The nasal prosthesis was fabricated using RTV silicone and retained with eyeglasses. At one-month follow-up, the patient reported excellent prosthetic function, aesthetic satisfaction, and improved self-esteem, with no complications. This case demonstrates that custom-made nasal prostheses using RTV silicone can effectively restore aesthetics and function following total rhinectomy. It further underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatment planning in optimizing patient outcomes