1654 research outputs found
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Optimization of selective powder deposition for multi-material powder bed fusion: process innovations and applications
Full text linkAdditive manufacturing processes based on powder bed fusion offer a high degree of design flexibility and enable the processing of a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, while maintaining minimal porosity. However, production of multi-material components with locally tailored properties to meet specific requirements by incorporating different materials with a high degree of spatial selectivity remains an elusive challenge. Essential prerequisites for achieving this selectivity are specialized selective powder deposition techniques, their development, characterization, and subsequent implementation. In order to investigate optimization potentials and to identify research gaps in the field of selective powder deposition techniques, an evaluation of the current literature is performed in this study, ultimately highlighting promising potentials for vibration-assisted approaches. Key considerations include the reduction of implementation complexity and the downscaling of associated devices to increase their applicability. To achieve implementation simplification, this study derives dimensionless quantities that facilitate a targeted calculation of control parameters by associating powder layer quality metrics with relevant input quantities. The validity of the derived dimensionless quantities is verified by discrete-element method simulations and physical experiments employing a novel miniaturized vibration-assisted device. Metal, ceramic and polymer powders are used as representative samples to demonstrate the versatility of the method for different classes of materials. Ultimately, the presented methods enable a significant improvement in the applicability of vibration-assisted devices and represent an integrative component that provides a suitable basis for further research efforts in the field of combined processing of multiple materials by additive manufacturing technologies that utilize powder beds
Mobile App-Assisted Patient Education in the Public Health: Minimizing Vaccine Anxiety and Managing Long-Term and Post-Covid-19 Effects
Full text linkVaccine hesitancy, notably for COVID-19 immunization, is intensified by the extensive transmission of misinformation, leading to increased fear among prospective recipients. This study sought to assess the efficacy of an app-supported health promotion in easing COVID-19 vaccine-related anxiety, while concurrently determining the baseline prevalence of such anxiety among the target demographic. The research employed a pre-test-post-test design and was conducted from early March to the end of August in rural regions of Yogyakarta. The intervention utilized a mobile application that delivered precise and current vaccine information. Anxiety levels of participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention utilizing a standardized questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Preliminary findings indicated that 56.90% of participants (n=268) exhibited "mild to moderate" anxiety levels before to the intervention. Following the intervention, this figure markedly diminished, with merely 171 or 36.30% of all participants reporting "mild to moderate" levels and 129 or 27.39% of all participants indicating "moderate to severe" anxiety levels. The decrease in anxiety levels was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.001. The results indicate that mobile app-based educational interventions can significantly alleviate COVID-19 vaccination-related fear among rural residents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This method possesses the potential to mitigate vaccine reluctance and improve vaccine acceptability, providing a significant strategy for managing the COVID-19 pandemic and facilitating future global immunization initiatives
Biopolymers - facts and statistics 2024
Full text linkOne of the main concerns of this publication is to furnish a more rational basis for discussing bioplastics and use fact-based arguments in the public discourse. Furthermore, “Biopolymers – facts and statistics” aims to provide specific, qualified answers easily and quickly for decision-makers in particular from public administration and the industrial sector. Therefore, this publication is made up like a set of rules and standards and largely foregoes textual detail. It offers extensive market-relevant and technical facts presented in graphs and charts, which means that the information is much easier to grasp. The reader can expect comparative market figures for various materials, regions, applications, process routes, agricultural land use, water use or resource consumption, production capacities, geographic distribution, etc
Personae und Künstliche Intelligenz : Wie sinnvoll ist der Einsatz von smarten Technologien?
Full text linkDer Beitrag zum KI Forum 2025 der Hochschule Hannover befasst sich mit dem Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz bei der Konzipierung von Personae in Designprozessen und kreativen Workflows. Anhand unterschiedlicher Beispiele und Ansätze wird diskutiert, wie sinnvoll und relevant der Einsatz KI-generierter Personenprofile ist und in welchen Projektkontexten sie eingesetzt werden können. Zudem wird erläutert, wie Daten dafür eingesetzt werden sollten. Im Zentrum steht zudem die Frage, ob KI den Ansatz des Human Centered Designs unterstützen oder untergraben kann
Framework zur Bewertung von Open- und Closed-Source-LLMs in der Klassifikation von Nachrichtenmeldungen für das Supply-Chain-Riskmanagement
Full text linkDiese Arbeit stellt ein Framework zur systematischen Vergleichsanalyse offener und proprietärer Large Language Models (LLMs) für die Relevanzklassifikation von Nachrichten im Supply-Chain-Risk-Management vor. Es ermöglicht Modellvergleiche ohne annotierte Referenzdaten und liefert quantitative und qualitative Einsichten in Konsistenz, Robustheit und Eignung verschiedener Modelle. In einer exemplarischen Anwendung wurde das Framework genutzt, um 22 LLMs anhand der Relevanzklassifikation von 15.000 Nachrichtenartikeln im Kontext der Automobilindustrie zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass leistungsfähige Open-Source-Modelle in Einzelfällen mit kommerziellen Systemen vergleichbar sind und unterstreichen die Bedeutung kontinuierlicher Modellwahl und -evaluation für den praktischen Einsatz
AI-Driven Communication Training for Cybersecurity with the Talk to Transform Simulator
Full text linkEffective communication skills are increasingly recognized as critical for leadership in digital transformation contexts. Recently, AI-Chatbots such as Talk to Transform (T2T) have been developed to enhance leadership competencies through interactive role-plays and feedback. This paper proposes their adaptation for cybersecurity training. We discuss the current landscape of cybersecurity training, highlight the importance of communication, and present T2T as an innovative approach to bridge this gap through chatbot-driven role-plays
A Case Study on Using Generative AI in Literature Reviews: Use Cases, Benefits, and Challenges
Full text linkContext: Literature reviews play a critical role in the research process. They are used not only to generate new insights but also to contextualize and justify one’s own research within the existing body of knowledge.
Problem: Since years, the number of scientific publications has been increasing rapidly. Therefore, conducting literature reviews can be time-consuming and error-prone.
Objective: We investigate how integrating generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools may optimize the literature review process in terms of efficiency and methodological quality.
Method: We conducted a single case study with 16 Master’s students at a University of Applied Science in Germany. They all carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using generative AI tools.
Results: Our study identified use cases for the application of GenAI in literature reviews, as well as benefits and challenges.
Conclusion: The results reveal that GenAI is capable of supporting literature reviews, especially critical parts such as primary study selection. Participants can scan large volumes of literature in a short time and overcome language barriers using GenAI. At the same time, it is crucial to assess GenAI outputs and ensure adequate quality assurance throughout the research process due to technology limitations, such as hallucination
RFID im Bibliothekswesen: Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche Bibliotheken
Full text linkDiese Bachelorarbeit analysiert die Anwendung und Auswahl von RFID-Technologien im deutschen Bibliothekswesen mit dem Ziel, deutschen Bibliotheken eine fundierte Entscheidungsgrundlage für den effizienten Einsatz von RFID-Technologien zu geben.
Im Fokus stehen die beiden dominierenden Frequenzbereiche High Frequency (HF, 13,56 MHz) und Ultra High Frequency (UHF, 860–960 MHz), deren technische Spezifikationen, Einsatzszenarien und normative Grundlagen systematisch verglichen werden. Durch eine Kombination aus Literaturanalyse und einer kriterienorientierten Nutzwertanalyse werden praxisrelevante Entscheidungshilfen für Bibliotheken entwickelt. Zusätzlich werden Datenschutz- und Sicherheitsaspekte gemäß DSGVO berücksichtigt sowie Integrationsfragen mit bestehenden Bibliothekssystemen beleuchtet. Die Arbeit bietet einen umfassenden Marktüberblick sowie Handlungsempfehlungen zur technologiebezogenen Auswahl und Implementierung von RFID-Systemen, wobei spezifische Strategien für Öffentliche und Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken herausgearbeitet werden.This bachelor thesis analyzes the application and selection of RFID technologies in German libraries with the aim of providing German libraries with a sound basis for decision-making regarding the efficient use of RFID technologies.
The focus is on the two dominant frequency ranges, high frequency (HF, 13.56 MHz) and ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860–960 MHz), whose technical specifications, application scenarios, and normative foundations are systematically compared. A combination of literature analysis and criteria-oriented utility analysis is used to develop practical decision-making aids for libraries. In addition, data protection and security aspects in accordance with the GDPR are taken into account and integration issues with existing library systems are examined. The work offers a comprehensive market overview and recommendations for action regarding the technology-related selection and implementation of RFID systems, with specific strategies for public and academic libraries being developed
Retrospective Analysis of Penicillin G Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Gram-Positive Isolates of Non-Severe Clinical Mastitis
Full text linkBackground: Despite penicillin having a longstanding reputation as being scientifically approved for the treatment of bovine mastitis, its market share and practical application rate seem rather low. While in some countries, cases of mild and moderate mastitis are treated almost completely with simple penicillin, in other countries, penicillin is rarely used as a mono-substance in udder tubes.
Methods: Based on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of 1489 isolates of Gram-positive microorganisms isolated from bovine mastitis cases, the extent to which penicillin preparations can fulfil their role as first-line treatment and in how many cases insufficient efficacy must be assumed was assessed in comparison with more recent studies on the achievable levels of active substances in milk.
Results: Of the isolates, 76% had an MIC of ≤0.125 µg/mL and 95% of the isolates had an MIC of ≤1 µg/mL.
Conclusions: The data show that in Northern Germany, it can be assumed that penicillin is a good choice in most cases of mastitis caused by Gram-positive mastitis pathogens, at least from the perspective of antibiotic resistance
KI-Unterstützung im Konstruktionsprozess
Full text linkIn diesem Beitrag werden die Potenziale Künstlicher Intelligenz im Konstruktionsprozess betrachtet. Dabei wird sich an den vier Phasen des Produktentwicklungsprozesses gemäß der VDI-Richtlinie 2221 orientiert. Es wird ein Technologie-Radar vorgestellt, das relevante KI-Tools nach Reifegrad und Anwendungsfeld kategorisiert. Abschließend wird ein didaktisches Lehrkonzept präsentiert, das die systematische Integration von KI-Werkzeugen in die ingenieurwissenschaftliche Aus- und Weiterbildung unterstützt