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Systemtheorie und Optimale Regelung - Teil IV: Regelungs- & Beobachtungsnormalform
Get PDFEs wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Regelungsnormalform und der Beobachtungsnormalform erklärt und vertieft
On the Importance of UX Quality Aspects for Different Product Categories
Get PDFUser experience (UX) is a holistic concept. We conceptualize UX as a set of semantically distinct quality aspects. These quality aspects relate subjectively perceived properties of the user interaction with a product to the psychological needs of users. Not all possible UX quality aspects are equally important for all products. The main use case of a product can determine the relative importance of UX aspects for the overall impression of the UX. In this paper, the authors present several studies that investigate this dependency between the product category and the importance of several well-known UX aspects. A method to measure the importance of such UX aspects is presented. In addition, the authors show that the observed importance ratings are stable, i.e., reproducible, and hardly influenced by demographic factors or cultural background. Thus, the ratings reported in our studies can be reused by UX professionals to find out which aspects of UX they should concentrate on in product design and evaluation
Cluster randomised trial of a complex interprofessional intervention (interprof ACT) to reduce hospital admission of nursing home residents
Get PDFBackground: Some hospital admissions of nursing home residents (NHRs) might be attributed to inadequate interprofessional collaboration. To improve general practitioner–nurse collaboration in nursing homes (NHs), we developed an intervention package (interprof ACT) in a previous study.
Objective: To assess the impact of interprof ACT on the proportion of hospitalisation and other clinical parameters within 12 months from randomisation among NHRs.
Methods: Multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial in 34 German NHs. NHRs of the control group received usual care, whereas NHRs in the intervention group received interprof ACT. Eligible NHs had at least 40 long-term care residents. NHs were randomised 1:1 pairwise. Blinded assessors collected primary outcome data.
Results: Seventeen NHs (320 NHRs) were assigned to interprof ACT and 17 NHs (323 NHRs) to usual care. In the intervention group, 136 (42.5%) NHRs were hospitalised at least once within 12 months from randomisation and 151 (46.7%) in the control group (odds ratio (OR): 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.55; 1.22], P = 0.33). No differences were found for the average number of hospitalisations: 0.8 hospitalisations per NHR (rate ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI: [0.66, 1.25], P = 0.54). Average length of stay was 5.7 days for NHRs in the intervention group and 6.5 days in the control group (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: [0.45, 1.11], P = 0.13). Falls were the most common adverse event, but none was related to the study intervention.
Conclusions: The implementation of interprof ACT did not show a statistically significant and clinically relevant effect on hospital admission of NHRs
Wie man ein sicheres PROFINET-Gerät entwickelt : Organisatorische und technische OT-Security-Maßnahmen bei der Entwicklung von PROFINET-Geräten
Get PDFDas PROFINET Protokoll wurde in der aktuellen Version um Security-Funktionen erweitert. Damit können für PROFINET flexible Netzwerkarchitekturen unter Berücksichtigung von OT-Security Anforderungen entworfen werden, die durch die bisher erforderliche Netzwerksegmentierung nicht möglich waren. Neben den Herstellern der Protokollstacks sind nachfolgend auch die Komponentenhersteller gefordert, eine sichere Implementierung in ihren Geräten umzusetzen. Die erforderlichen Maßnahmen gehen dabei über die Nutzung eines sicheren Protokollstacks hinaus. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel eines Ethernet-APL Messumformers mit PROFINET-Kommunikation die künftig von PROFINET-Geräteherstellern zu berücksichtigenden technischen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen.The PROFINET protocol has been expanded in the current version to include security functions. This allows flexible network architectures with the consideration of OT security requirements to be designed for PROFINET, which were not possible due to the network segmentation previously required. In addition to the manufacturers of the protocol stacks, component manufacturers are also required to implement a secure implementation in their devices. The necessary measures go beyond the use of a secure protocol stack. Using the example of an Ethernet-APL transmitter with PROFINET communication, this article shows which technical and organizational framework conditions will have to be considered by PROFINET device manufacturers in the future
Evaluation of DNA repair capacity in parents of pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using the comet assay procedure
Get PDFBackground: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication, limited repetitive behaviors, impaired language development, and interest or activity patterns, which include a group complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with diverse phenotypes that reveal considerable etiological and clinical heterogeneity and are also considered one of the most heritable disorders (over 90%). Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of ASD.
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the extent of DNA damage in parents of autistic children by treating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with bleomycin and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by the Ficoll method and treated with a specific concentration of bleomycin and H2O2 for 30 min and 5 min, respectively. Then, the degree of DNA damage was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), an effective way to measure DNA fragmentation in eukaryotic cells.
Results: Our findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the increase of DNA damage in parents with affected children compared to the control group, which can indicate the inability of the DNA molecule repair system. Furthermore, our study showed a significant association between fathers’ occupational difficulties (exposed to the influence of environmental factors), as well as family marriage, and suffering from ASD in offspring.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that the influence of environmental factors on parents of autistic children may affect the development of autistic disorder in their offspring. Subsequently, based on our results, investigating the effect of environmental factors on the amount of DNA damage in parents with affected children requires more studies
Entwicklung von Energiemanagementschnittstellen für IoT-Technologien (IoT_EnRG)
Get PDFAufgrund der klimatischen Veränderungen und steigender Energiepreise hat das nachhaltige und umweltbewusste Handeln in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Um dieses Handeln zu unterstützen, können Unternehmen Energiemanagementsysteme nach dem ISO-Standard 50001 einführen. Diese Systeme ermöglichen es u. a. Energieverbräuche in einem Energie-Monitoring visuell aufzubereiten und auf Basis der Ergebnisse Analysen durchzuführen. Aus den Ergebnissen der Analyse können Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden. Nach einer Überprüfung der energetischen Optimierung kann der Zyklus erneut beginnen, sodass eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz erfolgen kann. Im industriellen Umfeld bestehen jedoch noch Hindernisse in Bezug auf eine einheitliche Auswertung von Energiedaten für ein effektives Energiemanagement. Verschiedene semantische Interpretationen von Energiedaten und proprietäre Datenformate erschweren die Einrichtung und Erweiterung von Energiemanagementsystemen. Im Rahmen des IGF-Vorhabens "IoT_EnRG" wurde ein universelles Energieinformationsmodell entwickelt. Dieses Modell ermöglicht es, Energiedaten eine einheitliche Semantik zu geben, damit diese einfacher interpretierbar werden. Durch die Anwendung des Energieinformationsmodells können Energiedaten schneller und mit weniger Engineering-Aufwand in technische Energiemanagementsysteme integriert werden. Diese Integration war bisher erschwert, denn konventionelle Lösungen konnten für die Interpretation der Energiedaten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen der Feldebene verschiedene proprietäre Semantiken unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsprotokolle verwenden. Der Ansatz des universellen Energieinformationsmodells reduziert den Engineering-Aufwand technischer Energiemanagement-Systeme und unterstützt die Industrie bei der Installation von Energiemanagementsystemen für eine sparsame und klimaneutrale Produktion. Die Ergebnisse des Vorhabens wurden der Joint Working Group "Power Consumption Management" [1] übergeben, die sich das Ziel gesetzt hat, einen einheitlichen OPC UA-Standard für Energieinformationen auf Basis des entwickelten Modells in Form einer OPC UA Companion Spezifikation zu erarbeiten. Durch die Übergabe der Forschungsergebnisse in die Joint Working Group konnte eine nachhaltige Nutzung der Forschungsergebnisse sichergestellt werden, die deutlich über den Keis der Unternehmen im projektbegleitenden Ausschuss hinausgeht. Das Ziel des Vorhabens wurde erreicht
Simulative development of the electronic component of Mössbauer spectroscopy with a focus on the controllability of a 2nd order transimpedance amplifier
Get PDFIn light-processing systems, light energy is converted into a photocurrent due to the photoelectric effect. This project focuses on the development of a high-precision energy-to-voltage conversion technique to optimize signal processing in light-processing systems, specifically for applications in space analytics or solid state physikcs, such as Mössbauer spectroscopy. Analog circuit development plays a vital role as downstream voltage conversion is necessary for signal processing. The objective is to enhance the signal quality and improve the signal-to-noise ratio through the design, optimization, and comparison of various circuits for voltage conversion. The development process involves the design and optimization of amplifier circuits, supplemented with the incorporation of filters and/or regulators for further improvement. A transimpedance amplifier is approximated as a second-order low-pass filter, while a state controller is designed and analyzed to efficient transient oscillation of the system towards optimal amplitude values for subsequent signal processing. The project's results contribute to the advancement of light-processing systems, enabling more precise analysis of light energy in Mössbauer spectroscopy. The findings are presented in a series of scientific publications, showcasing the effectiveness of the developed circuits and their impact on signal quality. Future work could focus on further optimization and validation of the circuits in real-world applications to confirm their performance and reliability. Overall, this project emphasizes the significance of meticulous circuit development and optimization for enhancing signal processing in light-processing systems, thus supporting their application in space analytics
Selective treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis does not adversely affect cure, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, or culling: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFTreatment of clinical mastitis (CM) contributes to antimicrobial use on dairy farms. Selective treatment of CM based on bacterial diagnosis can reduce antimicrobial use, as not all cases of CM will benefit from antimicrobial treatment, e.g., mild and moderate gram-negative infections. However, impacts of selective CM treatment on udder health and culling are not fully understood. A systematic search identified 13 studies that compared selective versus blanket CM treatment protocols. Reported outcomes were synthesized with random-effects models and presented as risk ratios or mean differences. Selective CM treatment protocol was not inferior to blanket CM treatment protocol for the outcome bacteriological cure. Noninferiority margins could not be established for the outcomes clinical cure, new intramammary infection, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, or culling. However, no differences were detected between selective and blanket CM treatment protocols using traditional analyses, apart from a not clinically relevant increase in interval from treatment to clinical cure (0.4 d) in the selective group and higher proportion of clinical cure at 14 d in the selective group. The latter occurred in studies co-administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories only in the selective group. Bias could not be ruled out in most studies due to suboptimal randomization, although this would likely only affect subjective outcomes such as clinical cure. Hence, findings were supported by a high or moderate certainty of evidence for all outcome measures except clinical cure. In conclusion, this review supported the assertion that a selective CM treatment protocol can be adopted without adversely influencing bacteriological and clinical cure, somatic cell count, milk yield, and incidence of recurrence or culling
Modern Build Automation for an Insurance Company Tool Selection
Get PDFIn this paper we describe the selection of a modern build automation tool for an industry research partner of ours, namely an insurance company. Build automation has become increasingly important over the years. Today, build automation became one of the central concepts in topics such as cloud native development based on microservices and DevOps. Since more and more products for build automation have entered the market and existing tools have changed their functional scope, there is nowadays a large number of tools on the market that differ greatly in their functional scope. Based on requirements from our partner company, a build server analysis was conducted. This paper presents our analysis requirements, a detailed look at one of the examined tools and a summarized comparison of two tools
Das Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz – Potenzial für eine bessere Forschung und Gesundheitsversorgung
Get PDFIm Koalitionsvertrag der Ampel-Koalition wird für die laufende Legislaturperiode ein Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz (GDNG) angekündigt. Dieses Gesetz soll „zu einer besseren wissenschaftlichen Nutzung in Einklang mit der DSGVO“ führen. Bekanntermaßen steht unser Gesundheitssystem vor großen Herausforderungen (Demografie, Digitalisierung, Fachkräftemangel, Klimakrise, regionale Unterschiede, etc.) und ist jetzt schon das teuerste in Europa bei mittelmäßiger Leistung. Diese Herausforderungen können effizienter und evidenzgeleitet bewältigt werden, wenn wie im geplanten GDNG angedacht, die Datenressourcen für die Evaluierung und Weiterentwicklung des Gesundheitssystems und der Gesundheitsversorgung optimal genutzt werden. In den folgenden Ausführungen werden aus Sicht von Versorgungsforscher*innen Voraussetzungen und Desiderata für eine optimale Ausgestaltung des Gesetzes formuliert. Das Papier wurde durch das Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) und die Arbeitsgruppe Erhebung und Nutzung von Sekundärdaten (AGENS) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie (DGEpi) erstellt und wird von den unterzeichnenden Fachgesellschaften getragen. Das vorliegende Positionspapier und die hier aufgestellten Forderungen sind vor der Veröffentlichung und damit in Unkenntnis des Referentenentwurfs zum GDNG formuliert worden