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A Review of beech sites in Slovenia
No full textThe article gives a review of beech sites in Slovenian territory. It is based on the list of communities at the rank of association, where beech grows as a dominating
or co-dominating species of the tree layer. Descriptions of 24 associations include data on their surface distribution, division into lower syntaxonomic units,
their biotopic role, their significance in the European conservation network natura 2000, and potential secondary communities on their sites
Newly determined sites with pottery with furrowed incisions from the Ljubljansko barje
Get PDFThis article publishes for the first time a selection of randomly gathered finds from two newly determined pile-dwelling settlement sites on the Ljubljansko barje: Gornje mostišče and Strojanova voda. The finds indicate a similarity with the material from Hočevarica, meaning that these settlements can be dated to the horizon of pottery with furrowed incisions. In terms of absolute chronology, this is the period of the second quarter of the 4th millennium BC.
The placement of Gornje mostišče and Strojanova voda in the
above chronological horizon in terms of horizontal stratigraphy confirms the earlier thesis of Ložar, that the choice of location for pile-dwelling settlements on the Ljubljansko barje can be related to the dynamics of the reduction of the Holocene lake, which means that the youngest among them should mostly be sought in the direction of the withdrawal of the lake, i.e. in the southeastern part in the direction towards the center of
the Ljubljansko barje
Seasonal dynamics of phloem formation in Silver fir and Norway spruce as affected by drought
Get PDFThe dynamics of phloem growth ring formation in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) at different sites in Slovenia during the droughty growing season of 2003 was studied. We also determined the timing of cambial activity, xylem and phloem formation, and counted the number of cells in the completed phloem and xylem growth rings. Light microscopy of cross-sections revealed that cambial activity started on the phloem and xylem side simultaneously at all 3 plots. However, prior to this, 1-2 layers of phloem derivatives near the cambium differentiated without previous divisions.The structure of the early phloem was similar in silver fir and Norway spruce. Differences in the number of late phloem cells were found among sites. Phloem growth rings were the widest in Norway spruce growing at the lowland site. In all investigated trees, the cambium produced 5-12 times more xylem cells than phloem ones. In addition, the variability in the number of cells in the 2003 growth ring around the stem circumference of the same tree and among different trees was higher on the xylem side than on the phloem side. Phloem formation is presumably less dependent on environmental factors but is more internally driven than xylem formation
The wooden handle of a stone hammer-axe from the Eneolithic pile-dwelling settlement Stare gmajne near Verd in the Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia
Get PDFA stone hammer-axe from the second half of the 4th millennium BC was excavated at the pile dwelling Stare gmajne in the Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia. The axe had a preserved part of the wooden handle which is rare. Exact wood identification was important because the axe was made of imported stone that can not be found in Slovenia. We found out that the handle was made of cornel (Cornus sp.) that possibly grew in the vicinity of the pile dwelling. The cornel wood is hard, and has excellent mechanical properties including high impact strength; therefore it was an excellent material for the handle. This confirms that the prehistoric men had good knowledge of the wood properties. We discuss the importance of reference material (microscopic slides and samples of wood from modern trees and bushes) to differentiate the wood of cornel which has
similar wood anatomy to that of boxwood (Buxus sempervirens). The boxwood as a Mediterranean species in prehistoric time supposedly did not grow in the vicinity of the pile dwelling where the axe was found
Windstorm restoration efficiency using the Kidričevo windstorm (29 June, 2006) as a case study
No full textEconomic efficiency is one of the many essential demands regarding the technical management of windstorms. The main goal of this paper is to analyze a hypothetical scenario in which a forest owner works independently on windstorm restoration, using his own equipment and work power. Managing windstorm damage is a difficult and dangerous task, although a potentially lucrative endeavour as our investigation shows. A windstorm represents an opportunity for instant profit for forest owners who are independent of regular forest income. Economic damage is greater and longer lasting for owners with large forest properties and for farm households, which depend on regular forest income. We compared two potential scenarios in a wind-damaged area within the 2000-2010 forestry management period. First, we include a hypothetical scenario in which the windstorm did not occur. An inventory of regular thinning as well as simulation of future events based on past dynamics was done. We also performed a second scenario in which we assumed that private owners carry out windstorm restoration alone, although in reality felling has been carried out with short-wood technology (mechanized cutting). The results section presents the possibilities to attain reasonably high yield by dealing with the consequences of a minor windstorm
Xylogenesis dynamics in sessile oak during 2007
No full textWe investigated seasonal dynamics of wood formation in sessile oak (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) during the vegetation period of 2007, using light microscope. Divisions in the cambium already started at the end of March when the number of cells increased up to 10-11 layers. Maximal cell production was recorded in the second half of May when more than 100 ?m of the increment was formed per week. Cambial activity ceased by mid-August and the number of cambial cells diminished to 5-7 layers. However, secondary cell wall formation and lignification of terminal late wood cells took place for additional 4-5 weeks. The dynamics of wood formation in sessile oak differs from radial growth patterns of conifers
Forest habitat types on Natura 2000 sites in landscape structure of the Pohorje Mts range
No full textIn Slovenia, the natura 2000 network covers 3�.�% of its territory or 28� areas, encompassing 10 forest habitat types. The majority of indicators for the
assessment of the conservation status and changes of forest habitat types are to be estimated within the forest management planning framework. In this paper,
a hierarchical concept of forest habitat types monitoring in Pohorje Mts (810 km2
) was examined and presented, based on landscape structure and position of
habitat types in this structure. A spatial model was designed for the assessment of forests structure and spatial characteristics of forest habitat types and changes
in the extension and spatial structure of habitat types based on data of forest management plans and line transect method for a quick assessment of changes
in the landscape and stand structure. Based on spatial model and on the presented inceptions in terms of monitoring, significant changes in the area of habitat
types in the Pohorje Mts may be expected. The spatial model that was used in order to estimate the landscape structure draws attention to its fragility in the
event of potential abandonment of agricultural use in the areas with harsh farming conditions
A 548-year long tree-ring chronology of oak (Quercus spp.) for SE Slovenia and its significance as dating tool and climate archive
Get PDFTree-ring series of oak, from both living trees (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) and historic timbers in SE Slovenia were assembled into a 548-year long regional chronology spanning the period A.D. 1456-2003. It is currently the longest and the most replicated oak chronology in this part of Europe at the transition between Mediterranean, Alpine and continental climatic effects. The chronology correlated significantly with regional and local chronologies up to 700 km apart in Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Czech Republic and South Germany. It also showed a good heteroconnection - i.e. agreement with chronologies of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and silver fir (Abies alba) in Slovenia. A preliminary dendroclimatic analysis showed that precipitation and temperature in June accounted for a high amount of variance (r2=0.51) in the tree-ring widths. The chronology thus contains considerable potential as a climate archive. We also present its use as a tool for the dating of wooden objects of the cultural heritage. Moreover, the chronology can be a point of reference for building tree-ring chronologies in neighboring regions