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Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics
Full text linkNeutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy, introduced by Florentin Smarandache in 1980, which studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra.
Neutrosophic Logic is a general framework for unification of all existing logics. The main idea of NL is to characterize each logical statement in a 3D Neutrosophic Space, where each dimension of the space represents respectively the truth (T), the falsehood (F), and the indeterminacy (I) of the statement under consideration, where T, I, F are standard or non-standard real subsets of ]-0, 1+[. Moreover, in NL each statement is allowed to be over or under true, over or under false, and over or under indeterminate by using hyper real numbers developed in the non-standard analysis theory.
It is the foundation for a new theory of paradoxical and plausible reasoning [i.e. Dezert-Smarandache Theory (ref. n.)] has been developed, that takes into account in the combination process itself the possibility for uncertain and paradoxical information. The basis for the development of this theory is to work with the hyper-power set of the frame of discernment relative to the problem under consideration rather than its classical power set since, in general, the frame of discernment cannot be fully described in terms of an exhaustive and exclusive list of disjoint elementary hypotheses. In such general case, no refinement is possible to apply directly the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) of evidence. In our new theory [i.e. DSmT (ref. n.)], the rule of combination is justified from the maximum entropy principle and there is no mathematical impossibility to combine sources of evidence even if they appear at first glance in contradiction (in Shafer's sense) since the paradox between sources of evidence yields unavoidable paradoxes.
This theory has shown, through many illustrated examples, that conclusion drawn from it provides results which agrees perfectly with the human reasoning and is useful to take a decision on complex problems where DST usually fails. This book has been devoted to the development of a theoretical bridge between neutrosophic logic and this new theory, in order to solve the delicate problem of combination of neutrosophic evidences. The neutrosophic logic serves as the most general framework (prerequisite) for dealing with uncertain and paradoxical sources of information through this new theory (DSmT)
Mechanism of Anesthetic Action: Oxygen Pathway Perturbation Hypothesis
Full text linkThe mechanism of anesthesia is relevant to the neural and biological aspects of cognitive sciences. Although more than 150 years have past since the discovery of general anesthetics, how they precisely work remains a mystery. We propose a novel unitary mechanism of general anesthesia verifiable by experiments. In the proposed mechanism, general anesthetics perturb oxygen pathways in both membranes and oxygen-utilizing proteins such that the availabilities of oxygen to its sites of utilization are reduced which in turn triggers cascading cellular responses through oxygen-sensing mechanisms resulting in general anesthesia. Despite the general assumption that cell membranes are readily permeable to oxygen, exiting publications indicate that these membranes are plausible oxygen transport barriers. The present hypothesis provides a unified framework for explaining phenomena associated with general anesthesia and experimental results on the actions of general anesthetics. If verified by experiments, the proposed mechanism also has other significant medical and biological implications
THE ROLE OF CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM THEORY IN THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION
Full text linkA recent development in the understanding of conceptual foundations of quantum theory is discussed, giving particular attention to the analysis of the so called Schroedingerโs cat paradox. The solution of this problem in the frameworks of Everett-Wheeler many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is considered, as well as the philosophical and theological consequences following from this interpretation. The recommendations are given, concerning the use of questions related with conceptual foundations of quantum theory in the education when introducing students and senior class pupils in problems of the dialogue between science and religion.
KEY WORDS: science, religion, dialogue, foundations of quantum theory, many-worlds interpretatio
THE ROLE OF CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM THEORY IN THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION
Full text linkRecent development in the understanding of conceptual foundations of quantum theory is discussed, giving a particular attention to the analysis of the so called Schroedingerโs cat paradox. The solution of this problem in the frameworks of Everett-Wheeler many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is considered as well as the philosophical and theological consequences following from this interpretation. The recommendations are given concerning the use of problems, related with the conceptual foundations of quantum theory, in the educational process when introducing students and senior class pupils into the problems of dialogue between science and religion
A 'Hermeneutic Objection': Language and the Inner View
Full text linkIn the worlds of philosophy, linguistics, and communications theory, a view has developed that understands conscious experience as experience that is 'reflected' back upon itself through language. This indicates that the consciousness we experience is possible only because we have culturally invented language and subsequently evolved to accommodate it. This accords with the conclusions of Daniel Dennett (1991) and Terrence Deacon (1997), but the 'hermeneutic objection' would go further and deny that the objective sciences themselves have escaped the mutually constructive hermeneutic circle.
The consciousness we humans experience is developed only within the context of crossing the 'symbolic threshold' and one of the earliest and most important symbols we acquire is that of the self, or 'the subject of experience'. It is only when we achieve self-awareness that the world, as such, comes to exist for us as an object (which contains categories and sub-categories of objects). Any consciousness imputed to prelinguistic stages of development is based on projection and guesswork, since we can know nothing directly of it. It can be said that any experience that does not separate an inner subject from an outer world is probably a continuum of sensation in which environmental stimulus and instinctive response are experienced as a unified system; it may be 'lived experience' but it is experience 'lived' non-consciously
Bibliskฤ un dabaszinฤtniskฤ pasaules aina II daฤผa
Full text linkLekciju kurss Latviajas Universitฤtes Teoloฤฃijas fakultฤtes studentiem, otrฤ daฤผa.
Lekciju kurss ir lasฤซts arฤซ Lutera Akadฤmijas studentiem
Bibliskฤ un dabaszinฤtniskฤ pasaules aina I daฤผa
Full text linkLekciju kurss Latviajas Universitฤtes Teoloฤฃijas fakultฤtes studentiem.
Lekciju kurss ir lasฤซts arฤซ Lutera Akadฤmijas studentiem
De Vita Bugenhagii
Full text linkOratio de vita Rev. Viri Dom. Joannis Bugenhagii Pemerani, Theol. Doct. et Pastoris Ecclesiae Witeberg., a Petro Vincentio Vratislaviensi, Decano Collegii philosophici habita
Laus Vitae Scholasticae
Full text linkDe laude vitae scholasticae oratio, dicta a D. Melch. Fendio in promotione Magistrorum. Pronuntiata anno 1536