SKRIPSI Jurusan Sastra Inggris - Fakultas Sastra UM
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Developing a Prototype of Interactive E-Book as Extensive Reading Material for the Eighth Graders in SMP Negeri 6 Malang
No full textABSTRACT Firda, Ima Dwi Lailatul. 2016. Developing a Prototype of Interactive E-book as Extensive Reading Materialfor the EighthGraders in SMP Negeri 6 Malang. Sarjana’ Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) Francisca Maria Ivone, M.A., Ph.D, (II) Dra. Siti Nurul Muthmainnah, M.A. Key words: extensive reading material, interactive e-book, eighth graders The Research and Development (R&D) study aimed at developing an extenisve reading material in the form of prototype of an interactive e-book to cultivate students’ reading habit outside class. The interactive e-bookis created using Adobe Flash CS 6 that could be operated in laptop/computer. This kind of media was chosen since it was up to date, effective, suitable with learners’ needs nowadays, and appropriate with learners’ objective in reading narrative text of fable. In the process of developing the interactive e-book, the researcher followed seven stages −the needs analysis, developing the product, expert validation, first revision, try out, second revision, and publishing the product −. The role of the researcher in this study was as the developer and the creator of the product design. Two other people assisted her in different stages of the product development. An illustrator created the illustrated pictures and a programmer converted the product design into the interactive e-book. The results of the try-out showed some great results. More than 80% students gave positive results toward the product. There were 96% of the students agreed that they felt more interested in reading English books after using the media. In addition, the results in students’ report card showed there were 92% of the students felt more desirable in conducting extensive reading. However, there were three problems identified during the try-out: students skip from activities to another, students worked with others, and some students were annoyed with the background music. Overall,the product can attract students’ interest to learn independently. It is recommended for students to use the media as extensive reading material. For English teacher, the media can be a material for students’ reading source, teach students’ writing, and solve lack of vocabularies. Last, for future researcher, the betterment for the product is still needed in order to get better results for the same skill, or other skills
Improving Eight Graders’ Ability in Writing Descriptive Paragraphs by Using Idea Clustering
No full textABSTRACT Jayanti, Septian Tri. 2016. Improving Eight Graders’ Ability in Writing Descriptive Paragraphs by Using Idea Clustering. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) Prof. Dr. Nur Mukminatien, M.Pd. (II) Prof. Dr. Gunadi H.Sulistyo, M.A.Keywords: writing activity, descriptive paragraphs, idea clustering, abilityWriting is an activity to create a written product based on the topic. The writing activity is naturally conducted at least in three steps which are pre-writing, writing, and revising. Writing is considered as a hardest skill to be mastered by the students. The problem was also faced by the students of VIII-E class at SMP 12 Malang. The preliminary study conducted showed that the students had some difficulties in organizing their ideas in writing descriptive paragraphs. Besides, their teacher had never used any certain technique in teaching writing. To address this problem, the researcher used idea clustering to improve the students’ ability in writing descriptive paragraphs. Idea clustering is a technique that helps the students on their pre-writing process. Idea clustering helps the students to organize their ideas and build their ideas by developing some words related with the topic using bubbles. The design of this research is Classroom Action Research design which was conducted in one cycle in five meetings. It consisted of four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The subject of this study was 30 students of VIII-E class at SMP 12 Malang. The data in this study was collected using some instruments which were writing prompts, a scoring rubric, an interview guide and questionnaire, an observation sheet, and field notes.After the data was analyzed, this study was considered successful since the criteria of success had been achieved. The students’ writing skill score had shown the improvement. The students also gave positive feedback toward the implementation of the strategy.The strategy was conducted in several steps: descriptive paragraphs and idea clustering was introduced first to the students; the researcher gave the example of idea clustering and demonstrated on how to use it; the students tried to use idea clustering in the pre-writing steps by defining some words related to the topic by using bubbles; the students created some sentences from the words used in idea clustering in the table guide; the students made the supporting sentences and the concluding sentence (but concluding sentence is optional); the sentences in the table were arranged into a paragraph; the students revised their writing product after being given some feedback from the researcher. This study proposes some suggestions for the English teachers and further researchers. The English teachers are suggested to teach the students the steps in writing when conducting writing activities. Idea clustering is an effective technique that can be used by the students on their pre-writing activity since the technique is easy to be used, it can help the students to develop and organize their idea, and it had been shown that the technique is interesting enough for the students. Besides, the result of this study can give other researchers new ideas to do further research on the use of idea clustering in writing descriptive paragraph. The other researchers can also try to use this technique in other text types
Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of Fourth Graders in the Form of Vocabulary Cards
No full textThe study was conducted to improve the vocabulary mastery of fourth graders of SDN Pohsangit Kidul 1 Probolinggo. The vocabulary mastery was chosen as the focus of the study because the students had difficulties in remembering new words. Based on the vocabulary test in the preliminary study, there were 6 out of 18 students (33.3%) who got scores above the minimum standard score 60. The researcher tried to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery by implementing an interactive games strategy using vocabulary cards. Interactive games are games which allow the students to be active and take the most part in the process. The vocabulary cards consisted of 15 pictures on the front side and words on the back side. The strategy was conducted in the steps of playing “What is it?” game as follows: 1) Playing in pairs, 2) Showing vocabulary cards one by one and saying ”What is it?”, 3) Answering by saying “That is….”, 4) Taking turns. The strategy was conducted in the steps of playing “Quick Peek?” game as follows: 1) Showing vocabulary cards quickly in the front of the class, 2) Answering quickly, and 3) Having the most point is the winner. The method used in this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on Kemmis and Mc Taggart’s design. The CAR design applied in this study was a collaborative classroom action research means that the researcher worked collaboratively with the English teacher. This research was done in one cycle, each cycle consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting activities. The subjects of this research were 18 fourth graders students of SDN Pohsangit Kidul 1 Probolinggo. The instruments used to collect the data were interview guide, observation checklist, field notes, vocabulary test, and questionnaire. The data that measure the students’ vocabulary mastery progress were taken from a vocabulary test in the end of the cycle. The strategy was considered successful when at least 75% of the students got 60 and above. The result of this research shows that there was an improvement on the students’ vocabulary mastery. It can be seen from the average score of pre-test which was 50.6 and the average post-test cycle was 75. In addition, there were 16 out of 18 students (88.9%) who got 60 and above in the post-test, so the criteria of success were achieved. Based on the result of observational checklist, field notes, and questionnaire, it showed that students gave positive responses towards the implementation of interactive game using vocabulary cards. It is suggested that English teachers who want to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery are able to use vocabulary cards through interactive game as one of the teaching strategies because it proves that the strategy can help the students in improving their vocabulary mastery. Moreover, the vocabulary cards are easy to make. The teachers only need to prepare papers and pictures. The future researchers may also implement vocabulary cards in other levels of English learners
Students’ Perceptions on Factors Affecting the Anxiety of the 12th Graders of SMKN 10 Malang in Speaking English
No full textABSTRACT Anggitasari, Maya. 2016. Students’ Perceptions on Factors Affecting the Anxiety of the 12th Graders of SMKN 10 Malang in Speaking English. Sarjana’s Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) Dra. Sri Andreani, M. Ed., (II) Prof. Utami Widiati, M.A., Ph.D. Keywords: Foreign Language Anxiety, Communication Apprehension, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Test Anxiety Communicating skill using English becomes a requirement for SMK (Vocational High School) students to be competitive graduates to compete in a workplace. However, the process of developing speaking English skill in the classroom may increase many problems, one of which is students’ anxiety. The students showed the signs of anxiety such as reluctance to speak English, avoiding making eye contact, and stuttering. This study aimed to find out the factors affecting the students’ anxiety in speaking English. This study used descriptive qualitative design to obtain the data. The subject of the study was class 12 Multimedia (MM) 1 students of SMKN 10 Malang semester 1 in academic year 2015/2016. The data were collected with an adapted version of Horwitz’s Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) questionnaire and observation sheet. The questionnaire used consisted of 33 statements with yes/no responses. The questionnaire was used to gather the students’ responses concerning factors which affect their anxiety in speaking English, while the observation sheet was used to support the data from the questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed in three steps, i.e. reviewing, reduction, and interpreting data. The findings of the study showed that the students experienced anxiety in speaking English due to three factors, i.e. communication apprehension, fear of negative evaluation, and test anxiety. Firstly, 92.17% of the total students reported that one of the factors affecting their anxiety is communication apprehension. This factor is related to the students’ interaction with their teacher and classmates and the students; abilities in speaking English. The anxious students were afraid of speaking English in front of other students, thus they tended to remain silent in the class. They avoided making eye contact and showed resistance when they are asked to speak in English by the teacher. Secondly, fear of negative evaluation became the next factor affecting the students’ anxiety, claimed by 92.85% students. The students were anxious about others’ perspectives in the class. They were afraid of making mistakes because they were embarrassed when their classmates laughed at them and the teacher corrected their mistakes. It might happen due to some classroom activities which put pressure on them and the way teacher corrected their mistakes. Thirdly, 93.87% of the total students claimed test anxiety as one of their anxiety’s factor in speaking English. It made test anxiety as the most dominant factor affecting their anxiety. The students reported that they were afraid of being failed in English class. They also felt overwhelmed by the number of rules they have to learn to speak English. It might happen because the students felt being pressured to get a good score in English. From the result obtained, it can be concluded that students’ anxiety in speaking English emerges from the students itself and their environment; the teacher and their classmates. Therefore, this problem cannot be neglected and merely considered as the students’ problem. Teacher also has an essential role to help the students to deal with it. Teacher should be able to create such a comfortable atmosphere and avoiding anxiety-induced activities in the classroom. They also need to make some strategies that encourage students to speak English confidently without putting too much emphasis on correcting students’ mistakes to avoid their feeling of losing face. It is also important for teacher to give insight to the students that trial and error is an acceptable English teaching and learning process
The Mighty Mind and Autonomous Body in Nymphomaniac's Joe
No full textABSTRACT THE MIGHTY MIND AND AUTONOMOUS BODY IN NYMPHOMANIAC’S JOEAsmarani Nurmalitasari, Inayatul Fariha S.S, M.A, Drs. Kukuh Prayitno Subagyo, M.A.Email: [email protected], [email protected] Negeri MalangJalan Semarang 5, Malang, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaCartesian Dualism was postulated by René Descartes, a French philosopher andmathematician, to argue the grandeur of mind without diminishing the significance of body.Hence, the theory is drawn to analyze how both mind and body integrated in Joe, a female sexaddict narrated in Nymphomaniac. This study discovers that mind and body are bond to complexrelationships; affected by the individual’s innate attributes and social realms, and result inconflicted mind and body. Keywords: Cartesian dualism, Nymphomaniac, Jo
Enhancing The 8th Graders' Ability in Writing A Descriptive Text through Process Wrtiting with Photo Story Application at SMPN6 Malang
No full textABSTRACT Pertiwi, Intan. 2016. Enhancing The 8th Graders Ability in Writing a Descriptive Text through Process Writing with Photo Story Application at SMPN 6 Malang. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (1) Drs. Andi Muhtar, M.A. (2) Dr. Suharyadi, S.Pd., M.Pd.Key Words: Photo Story, storyboard, writing process, writing skill, descriptive textThe learning of English is indispensably needed. The students of junior and senior high school levels are taught English as one of the compulsory subjects in the classroom. They ought to master English in order to be able to communicate in either productive or receptive skills. Nevertheless, the students frequently encounter some problems in acquiring one of the productive skills that is, writing. The preliminary study conducted by the researcher showed that students in class 8.8 of SMPN 6 Malang lacked the ability in writing.Throughout the questionnaire distributed by the researcher, students revealed that the obstacles they faced when writing relied on some aspects like the difficulty in generating the idea and arranging it into a good composition with appropriate vocabulary and grammar rule, and also the absence of medium to help them enhance their ability in writing a descriptive text. Furthermore, from the result of pre writing test, 29 students attained score under the minimum criteria score that is, 75.The researcher used a classroom action research as the design in this study. The action research consists of four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This study was aimed to enhance the students’ ability in writing a descriptive text through writing process with Photo Story application. This study was conducted in one cycle. The researcher proposed strategy of process writing and digital writing through medium Photo Story application. The utilization of the strategy is implemented in several steps. They are (1) explaining descriptive text and its components to the students, (2) demonstrating a slide show produced by Photo Story about describing a place to the students, (3) grouping the students to play games, (4) giving practice to the students to do a pre-writing and drafting about descriptive text on the storyboard, (5) asking students to revise and edit their writing, (6) assigning students to write their final draft and produce their descriptive writing through Photo Story application, (7) asking the students to present the result of their descriptive writing about a place through Photo Story application.Upon the action research, the researcher discovered that students indicated having better achievement in writing. This was reflected by their achievement scores and their positive responses during the implementation of the strategy as the criteria of success. The criteria of success set by the researcher were more than 75% of students achieved the targeted criteria scores that is 75 and responded positively to the strategy implemented during the study. The result of the study showed 81.18% or 27 out of 33 students got scores equal to or more than 75. In addition, 91.77% students responded positively to the implementation of the strategy using Photo Story application and writing process strategy within the storyboards. Thus, it could be concluded that the strategy of implementing Photo Story application could solve the students’ problem in learning writing since they could improve their ability in writing a descriptive text and also actively participate in the teaching and learning process. Based on the result of study, the researcher suggests the English teachers to conduct the similar study in order to solve the students’ problems in class, while for further researchers, the researcher suggest them to conduct another study using the strategy implemented in another level of education and in any text types. Hence, in conducting the study both the English teachers and further researchers should consider the students’ problem in writing and thus the problem could be successfully solved using the strategy
The Effectiveness of Using "New Big City Adventure Game" in Enhancing Students' Vocabulary Mastery in SMP Negeri 1 Arjosari, Pacitan
No full textABSTRACT Radita, Cindy. 2016. The Effectiveness of Using “New Big City Adventure Game” in Enhancing Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in SMP Negeri 1 Arjosari, Pacitan. Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (1) Prof. Bambang Yudi Cahyono, P.hD. (2) Dr. Sintha Tresnadewi, M.Pd. Key words: game, vocabulary, picture The teaching of vocabulary in Indonesia should be integrated with other language skills in the teaching and learning process. Hence, English teachers should combine the teaching English materials with vocabulary. By then, the teachers’ role is to find out the good strategies or ways to teach vocabulary combinined with other materials. This study investigated the effectiveness of using “New Big City Adventure Game” in enhancing students’ vocabulary mastery. It focuses on the vocabulary used in their daily activities and related with their environment. This study uses quasi experimental research as the design since the researcher cannot select the samples randomly. The treatment was done within six meetings in which the first and the last meeting were used to have pre-test and post-test. The subjects of the study were the eighth graders of SMP Negeri 1 Arjosari, Pacitan studying in the 2015/2016 academic year. The researcher took two classes as the samples and divided them into two groups, the experimental and control groups. The experimental group consists of 31 students while the control group consists of 32 students. To collect the data, the researcher used two kinds of instruments which are tests and questionnaire. The tests refer to the pre-test and post-test. The post-test has more questions than the pre-test in order to get more reliable results. The questionnaire consists of 4 close-ended questions and an open-ended question. The questionnaire is only distributed to the experimental group since the questions are related to the treatment given to them. The quantitative data obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed by using independent t-test and ANCOVA. Both of the analyses were done on computer using SPSS program. The result of the analysis showed that “New Big City Adventure Game” is effective to enhance the students’ vocabulary mastery. Based on the result above, the researcher suggested the English teachers to use “New Big City Adventure Game” to teach vocabulary. In addition to that, this study can be a reference for the future researchers to conduct the same or even different study with other subjects, skills, and materials
Reading Instructions in Junior High Schools in Malang.
No full textABSTRACT Reading Instructions in Junior High Schools in Malang.Supardi. 2015. Reading Instructions in Junior High Schools in Malang. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (1) Dr. Johannes A. Prayogo, M.Pd., M.Ed. ; (2) Dr. Furaidah, M.A.Key words: reading instructions, reading comprehension, strategies, VIII grade.The main objective of this research was to find out how teachers teach reading in two junior high schools in Malang. The subjects of the research were an English teacher in SMP Laboratorium UM and another English teacher from SMPN Karangploso Malang. Data were collected by using an observation guide and an interview guide.The observations were done four times; two times in each school. The observations in SMP Lab. UM were on August 13th and 20th, 2015 while those in SMPN 1 Karangploso were on August 18th and 25th, 2015. After that, all of the data gathered were then analyzed and presented in the research findings. The research findings consist of the syllabus, lesson plan, learning-teaching media, materials, assessments, and teaching strategies.SMP Lab. UM and SMPN 1 Karangploso have employed good syllabus which contribute goodness to the teaching-learning process. About the lesson plan, in general, the teachers in both of the schools have good lesson plan. However, in practice, the allocation of time was not enough. Concerning media, both of the teachers employed good learning media even though the teacher in SMPN Lab. UM has more media such as poster, flashcards and good textbook. Regarding the materials, both of the teachers have made use of the internet, but the teacher of SMP Lab. UM has maximized more the use of the internet. In assessing the students, the teachers from both schools used several kinds of tests, such as multiple choice questions, filling the gaps, and word matching. The tests were taken from the English textbook which the teacher and the students used in the English instruction. Both of the teachers have their own strategies which are suitable with the school’s and students’ condition even though both of the schools use the same curriculum. In conclusion, there are some factors affecting the teaching of reading comprehension in SMP Lab. UM and SMPN 1 Karangploso. They are the teaching strategies (practice) and all of the components such as syllabus, lesson plan, and teaching-learning media, including school facilities. Both of the schools have employed good syllabus and lesson plan even though SMPN Lab. UM has more media such as poster, flashcards and good textbook, and the teacher also has maximized more the use of the internet as a source of the teaching materials. In assessing the students, the teachers from both schools used several kinds of tests, such as multiple choice questions, filling the gaps, and word matching. Both of the teachers have their own strategies which are suitable with the school’s and students’ condition. Future research is suggested to conduct in order to counter the weaknesses of this research
A CASE STUDY ON INDONESIAN CONSONANT SOUNDS ACQUISITION PROCESS IN CHILDREN FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
No full textABSTRACT Rabbaniah, Putri Latifatur. 2015. A Case Study on Indonesian Consonant Sounds Acquisition Process in Children First Language Acquistion. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Supervisor: Aulia Apriana, S.S, M.Pd,; Co-supervisor: Evy Nurul Laily Zein, S.S, M.A.Keywords: Phonological, Consonant, AcquisitionEveryday people are involved in a communication activity with others. In doing that, they use a means called language to express everything they want. Language helps people in articulating an abstact thing in their brain into a concrete thing in the form of meaningful sounds. However, by nature babies are not born speaking a language in the way adults do. They must learn language in order to be able to communicate with others. During language acquisition process, sometimes babies experience several problems. A problem commonly faced by children is they produce speech errors or do a wrong pronunciation in their early language development. To overcome that, children often use a simplification to make a word easier to be spoken.This research is a descriptive qualitative in collecting the data and research subjects of this study are two children (a male and female) who are around 2 years old with Bahasa Indonesia as their native language. The reasearch focuses on the analysis how they acquire speech sounds of Bahasa Indonesia especially the consonant sounds by looking at the pronunciation of the words. The researcher took fourth times recording of each children in order to find out what consonant sounds of Bahasa Indonesia are acquired by the children at that age and what are consonant sounds production pattern are occured mostly frequently as the aims of this research.The findings show that the male child has acquired 16 consonant sounds of Bahasa Indonesia with the amount of words are 508 words. While the female child has acquired 15 consonant sounds of Bahasa Indonesia with the total words are 239 words. Then, the researcher found that the phonological deviation mostly used by Steven and Atika is consonant reduction which is a pattern used by the children in order to delete one or more consonant sounds from a consonant cluster in that word.. Next, the second phonological deviation used by the research subjects is either a consonant (consonant harmony) or a vowel (vowel harmony) of a target syllable appears twice in child’s word or partial reduplication. There are also thers pattern that used by children, the male child used velar fronting, context sensitive voicing, final consonant deletion and consonant harmony in 1 type of consonant sound, and stopping and gliding of liquids in 2 consonant sounds of Bahasa Indonesia for each pattern. While the female child did velar fronting, final consonant deletion, and consonant harmony in 1 kind of consonant sound for each sound. The last, she used gliding of liquids in 2 kinds consonant sounds of Bahasa Indonesia. Finally, it can be concluded that /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /s/, /h/, /c/, /j/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /l/, /w/, and /y/ are acquired by the male child and the female child are acquired /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /s/, /h/, /c/, /j/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /l/, and /y/ at the age of two years old. Then they are mostly used cluster reduction and partial reduplication as a simplification of the sounds they cannot be pronounced. This research can be used as research reference for future researcher on phonology and psycholingusitics, especially in the children phonological acquistion analysis. It is expected that there will be future researchers conducting research on phonological acqusition in broader context by using different methods to give more significant contributions academically
A Syntactic Analysis of Singaporean English Used in the Movie ‘I Not Stupid’
No full textABSTRACT Utomo, T.B. 2016. A Syntactic Analysis of Singaporean English Used in the Movie ‘I Not Stupid’. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang. Advisors: (I) Aulia Apriana, S.S., M.Pd.; (II) Prof. Drs. A. Effendi Kadarisman, M.A., Ph.D.Key Words: syntactic analysis, Singaporean English, the movie I Not StupidSingaporean English (Singlish) is one dialectal variant of English spoken in Singapore. As cited from Platt (1982) in the era of British-establishment, all of the components of society were usually from Britain and they spread English. English in Singapore has taken up many loan words and sentence structures from Malay and Mandarin to form Singaporean English. Thus after its transformation, Singaporean English has been spoken by Singaporeans in daily communication. This study aims at presenting a syntactic analysis and finding out how the syntactic features characterize Singaporean English as measured against Standard English. The findings of this study are conducted to show the readers the sorts of syntactic analysis used in the movie or television program. This study is also conducted to give an explanation on how the findings are investigated. Then, it is expected that this research is going to be useful for movie viewers, syntax practitioners, and future researchers. The research design used in this study is descriptive qualitative approach. The source of the data of Singaporean English is the movie I Not Stupid because this movie use Singaporean English for conversation. Then, the movie and the movie subtitle were taken from the internet. The movie script was transcribed by the researcher. The primary instrument is the researcher and the supporting instruments are computer, internet access, and field notes.Results of this study show that there are 5 Singlish-specific patterns of syntactic structures. They are discourse particles (53.95%), copula and auxiliary deletion (21.05%), subject NP deletion (14.47%), question-tag regularization (5.26%), and simplified alternative questions (5.26%). Singaporean English mainly uses Malay and Mandarin particles such as ah, lah, hor, and meh. Copula and auxiliary deletion is ommiting the form of be (am, is, are, was, and were) in some conditions when Singaporeans speak. When they are engaged in a conversation, Singaporeans may get rid of NP subject. Then, question-tag regularization shows up as is it when asking questions. The last pattern is simplified alternative questions which simplify the second choice of the questions to not and it could be similar to yes-no questions. From the findings and discussions, the researcher concludes that Singaporean English is not a deviation (a dialectal variant with errors) because it has its own rules. Thus, it is suggested to movie viewers that they should pay attention the language used toward the movies being watched. It is suggested to syntax practitioners to study about the varieties of English. It is also expected for the future researchers that the results of the study will inspire them to explore more data and use other sources of data