Marâji`: Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman
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Humanisme dalam Tafsir Marâh Labîd Karya Nawawî al-Bantanî
No full textThe article attempts to scrutinize the concept of humanism in Nawawî al-Bantanî al-Jâwî’s masterpiece Marâh Labîd li Kashf Ma‘ânî al-Qur’ân al-Majîd. When interpreting the Quranic verses on the issue of equal rights of human, Nawawî did not take such matters as the difference of lineage, groups and religions into accounts. He prudently emphasized that all people possess equal right and position before God. This can be clearly observed when he particularly interpreted the verses on justice in which he stressed that justice is enforced on the basis of truth. Although Nawawî did not explicitly mention the term of brotherhood out of in-religion brotherhood, he stated a number of terms such as akh fî al-dîn, akh fî al-nasab, and akh fî al-suhbah. He also implicitly acknowledged other kinds of brotherhood such as ukhuwwah watanîyah and ukhuwwah insânîyah. In the context of human’s freedom, Nawawî put great emphasis on human’s sovereignty to choose his/her belief and religion. He stressed at the same time that each person will, however, be responsible for his/her choice along with it consequences. Nawawî also promulgated harmonious interrelation between Muslims and other religious adherents as long as it has nothing to do with the very core of Islamic doctrine, i.e. ‘aqîdah
Problematika Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Maqâṣid Sharîʻah
No full textThe article seeks to reveal problems faced by Islamic education from the perspective of Maqâṣid al-Sharîʻah, namely ideological (ḥifẓ al-dîn), practical (ḥifẓ al-nafs), academic (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), relationships or networks (ḥifẓ al-nasl), vocational (ḥifẓ al-mâl) and quality (ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ) aspects. In order to know the details of crucial problems of the Islamic education along with their alternative solutions, this paper suggests that the Islamic education should consider the insider’s and outsider’s perspective which has four types of roles as follow: a) complete observer; b) observer as participant; c) participant as observer; d) complete participant. This article proposes three important implications, are: first, the problems of the Islamic education can be categorized and mapped based on Maqâṣid al-Sharîʻah, in order to ease the analysis of such problems. Second, the analysis of the problems should be based on the insiders’ and outsiders’ point of views, so that it would be able to comprehensively detect the problems of Islamic education and show the inclusiveness of the Islamic education. Third, problem solving alternatives should be oriented at the level of theological (faith and religious [îmân]), theoretical (philosophical and empirical [‘ilm]), practical (learning and teaching [‘amal]) and moral (ethics and aesthetics [akhlâq]) realms.
Humanisasi Pendidikan dalam Pembentukan Kesadaran Keberagaman Umat Lintas Agama di Lamongan
No full textThe discourse of interreligious harmony and tolerance has been widely discussed within countless forums. However, the phenomenon of religious disharmony, which is among other marked with social clashes, has been erroneously manipulated into intergroup conflicts among interreligious adherents. Such interreligious disharmony, viewing from simplistic category, has been commonly caused by two factors. The first is an internal factor, i.e. the factor which influences a person to behave based on his/her understanding to religious doctrines he/she subscribes such as radical-extreme, subjective-fundamental, exclusive, and literal behaviors. The second is an external factor, i.e. hedonistic and opportunistic behaviors. The article seeks to discuss interreligious harmony in the Village of Balun, Turi, Lamongan. The village is a home to three different religions, namely Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. Regardless of such difference the Balun people have successfully created harmony among them. The study finds that there has been sort of values transformation of humanism education in the village. The values such as human rights, tolerance, solidarity, familial relationship, and social justice are culturally transformed through what so-called the Forum of Solidarity for Balun People (Forum Keakraban Warga Balun/FKWB)
Demokrasi Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Muhammad Natsir dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional
No full textThe article discusses Muhammad Natsir’s concept of democracy of Islamic education. Assessing democracy and Islamic education is inevitably important particularly when the modern people deal with such densely complicated problems within their life as they will lose a control upon the values of humanism. Therefore, emphasizing the values of humanity in their appropriate place within educational realm (in this context is Islamic education) is unquestionably pivotal matter. The study finds that democracy of Islamic education in Natsir’s perspective can be noticeably observed in his notions on integral, harmonious and universal education. Moreover, the author would argue that Natsir’s perspective of democracy within educational sphere has found its significance to the contemporary Indonesia’s national educational system. It can be visibly seen, among others, in efforts to inhabit and cultivate the values of democracy, which have been firmly itemized in the Act of National Educational System. In this context, Islamic educational institutions have also take part and put great priority in cultivating such values within their all formal educational levels
Dua Mazhab Emanasi dalam Filsafat Islam Klasik dan Implikasi Teologisnya
No full textIslamic philosophy, which has been an accumulation of relation between pure logic and religious texts (naql), has a uniquely different features from the philosophy of Aristotle. This is because the Islamic philosophy has met not only with the pre-Islamic sciences but it also has thoroughly interacted with various branches of the Islamic knowledge such as theology, taṣawwuf, uṣûl al-fiqh, and târîkh al-tashrîʻ. The interaction has resulted in numerous different thoughts within the Islamic philosophy itself as can be identified among the peripatetic Islamic philosophers. The article is intended to describe that in discussing cosmological matter, the majority of these philosophers put emphasis on Plotinus’s concept of emanation. However, the concept has led to distinctively diverse schools of philosophy in Islam. The study finds that the philoso-phers with strong background of scientific disciplines produced considerably different thought of emanation from those with strong background of Islamic knowledge. The first school consists of scientists-philosophers affiliated to the thought of Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle though with new concepts they proposed. The second school comprises Sufi-philosophers whose concepts have been strongly influenced by intuition though there have been conceptual differences based on their spiritual experiences
Colonial Politics of Power and Cultural Identity Development of Islamic Education Vis-À-Vis European Education in The Netherlands East Indies Periods
No full textDengan membawa perspektif “sejarah sebagai interpretasi yang terus berkembang”, kertas kerja ini meninjau kembali sejarah penjajahan di Indonesia. Pendidikan menjadi diskusi utama pada bahasan ini karena perkembangannya telah memberikan sumbangsih terhadap terbentuknya identitas budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Terbatasnya akses pendidikan ala Eropa di masa itu telah memposisikan Pendidikan Islam beriringan dengan pola pendidikan arus-utama saat itu. Politik dan kebijakan pemerintah kolonial berpengaruh terhadap implementasi pendidikan ala Eropa bagi pribumi setelah politik etis diberlakukan. Di sisi lain, Pendidikan Islam mulai meneguhkan posisi oposisinya. Setelah tahun 1900-an, akulturasi situasi kolonial, Islamisme, dan ideologi lainnya membentuk secara jelas identitas kultural baru Pendidikan Islam di dalam ruang kelas sekolah dan pada superstruktur pemerintahan kolonial untuk merespons penindasan dalam beberapa cara tertentu
Kajian Makna Simbol Kupu-Kupu Terbang ke Langit pada Tarekat Qâdirîyah Naqshabandîyah Suryalaya Tasikmalaya
No full textThe Suryalaya Tarekat Qâdirîyah Naqshabandîyah (TQN) has successfully attracted most people and some of which pointed as the alternative spirituality searching for the modern humans. The Suryalaya TQN has a unique symbol in the form of butterfly, which then underlies all activities of the Suryalaya TQN’s Boarding School. The article aims at answering a question on “what is the meaning of the Suryalaya TQN’s butterfly symbol?” In doing so, the study employs Turner’s model of interpretive paradigm along with “processual symbology” approach. The study finds that: (1) Three dominant symbol characteristics shown by Turner have an intersection to the nature of the symbol used by the Suryalaya TQN, namely the condensation of many meanings, the unification of those different meanings and the polarization of the meanings, (2) Symbol has a meaning to the living dreams and hopes as well as refers to the stages of life whether as God’s servant or as His khalîfah/messenger, (3) The butterfly symbol is closely linked with the remembrance procession on the metamorphosis process, i.e. takhallî, tahallî, and tajallî, (4) The interpretation of the butterfly symbol grows the concepts of Sufism such as sincerity, patience, mortality, belief, husn al-zann (positive thinking), and rajâ’.
Aplikasi Teori Fungsi Interpretasi Jorge J.E. Gracia tentang Hadîth Kebiri
No full textThe paper highlights the contradiction of two hadîths on castration. The context of the issue has appeared within the contemporary Indonesia right after the Government stated the “additional punishment” for those who commit sexual harassment. The spirit of the punishment is to give a sort of “daunting effect” for the committers and “possible predators”. Such additional punishment has, however, invited various different responses from the Indonesian people. Some have rejected it, while some other have intensely called for its implementation. Regardless of this debate, article will shed light on the historical narration of Islamic view on castration in Muhammad’s life. The research finds that there are two hadîths which are regarded as contradictory. The first hadîth has narrated that Muhammad banned his companions to geld themselves. This happened when Muhammad and his companions went to battle field. Another hadîth has, however, reported that Muhammad allowed one of his companions to geld himself. These two seemingly conflicting hadîths need further care-ful explanations in order to reach the best and proper under-standing. In doing so, the author employs Gracia’s theory on the Function of Interpretation
Kontekstualisasi Filsafat Politik al-Fârâbî dalam Pemikiran Politik Modern
No full textThe article describes that in light of al-Madînah al-Fâḍilah, al-Fârâbî idealized the relationship between state and its citizens based on ethical values. This is in order to create a society who recognize the truth and enforce it in the form of cooperation with the state to build mutual prosperity. According to al-Fârâbî, society is a pivotal element of the creation of state. Within nation-state realm, the members of society must positively demonstrate their contribution based on their respective capability. Al-Fârâbî called, in addition, for the existence of freedom (al-ḥurriyah) for all people. The task of a state leader is to provide his members guidance to justly stride on right path in accordance with religious doctrines and to prevent them from going astray from the initial objective of state creation, i.e. triumphing happiness within the world and the hereafter. Al-Fârâbî’s political thought has great influence in the next development of the modern democracy. The article indicates that al-Fârâbî’s concept of freedom has been subsequently reinterpreted by the next Muslim scholars emphasizing that the concept of freedom he deemed is not a borderless freedom
Fiqh Prioritas sebagai Instrumen Ijtihâd Maqâṣidî Perspektif Yûsuf al-Qarâḍawî dan Urgensinya di Era Kontemporer
No full textThe article attempts to analyze Fiqh of Priority as an instrument of ijtihâd maqâṣidî from Yûsuf al-Qarâḍawî’s perspective and its significance within the contemporary era. The position of the Fiqh of Priority within the study of Islamic law is a part of the conceptual developments of ijtihâd which is based on maqâṣid al-sharî‘ah and has been oriented into Fiqh of Daʻwah. The Fiqh of Priority along with its principles can be functioned as a reference in stipulation of the Islamic law (ijtihâd al-ah}kâm). This is because the Fiqh of Priority is built on the priority values revealed in al-Qur’ân and mentioned in H{adîth as well as based on the concept of tadarruj al-ah}kâm (gradation of stipulation of the Islamic law) during the Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime. Epistemo-logical framework of the Fiqh of Priority consists of three main principles, i.e. the principles of gradation in the Islamic law (al-fiqh bi marâtib al-a‘mâl), the principles of attitude towards the reality of law (fiqh al-wâqi‘ li al-ah}kâm), and the principles of dealing with contradiction between arguments or reasoning between the stipulation of law and social realit