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STRUKTUR ANATOMI DAUN JERUK SIAM (Citrus nobilis L.var microcarpa) YANG BERGEJALA SAKIT
Full text linkSiamese orange (Citrus nobilis L. var microcarpa) is one of the fruit commodities in West Kalimantan. The growth of citrus plants in plantations can experience obstacles due to disease attacks caused by fungi and bacteria. Siamese orange leaves with symptoms of spot disease, cancer and scab can be distinguished based on leaf morphology. This study aims to determine the differences in the anatomical structure of leaves with symptoms of spots, cancer, and scab. This research was carried out for 3 months from March 2021 to May 2021. The paraffin method was used to make cross-sectional preparations of healthy citrus leaves and sick lime leaves using the paraffin method including fixation, washing, staining 1, dehydration, dealcoholization, paraffination, immersion, cutting, coloring 2, closing and labeling. The results showed that the anatomical structure of healthy siamese lime leaves showed that there were three tissue systems (dermal, ground tissue and vascular tissue) with clear shapes and boundaries, while in sick leaves, three tissue systems showed unclear boundaries in each tissue system. The anatomical structure of leaves with symptoms of spot disease, cancer and scab showed changes in cell shape and tissue layer thickness
JENIS-JENIS Begonia DI KAWASAN HUTAN KECAMATAN ENTIKONG, KABUPATEN SANGGAU, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Full text linkBegonias are tropical plants, and can be found in habitats that are generally shaded in both lowland and upland areas. This research was conducted in five locations in the forest area of Entikong sub-district. Each location represents one village in Entikong Sub-district. Observations and sampling of Begonia were carried out using the cruising method along the forest path in each village with an observation area of 5 metres to the left and right of the path. Each Begonia found was recorded morphological characters include plant height, leaf colour, leaf shape, modification on leaves, stem shape, stem colour, modification on stem, flower type, flower colour, flower shape and fruit Field data recorded such as substrate type, coordinate points, elevation, air environmental parameters (temperature and humidity), soil environmental parameters (pH) and light intensity. The results showed that the forest area in Entikong District has five species of Begonia, namely, Begonia congesta, Begonia calcarea, Begonia paoana, Begonia kipandiensis, and Begonia lailana. The specimens found grew in environmental conditions with light intensity of 0.527-2.425 cd.sr/m2, temperature of 25.1-28.2°C, and soil pH of 5.1-6.2. Begonias grow terrestrially or lithophytically at an altitude of 142-473m above sea level with a shaded habitat
POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL AKAR DAN BATANG KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 PENYEBAB JERAWAT
Full text linkKratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is one type of plant found in tropical regions that have not been optimally utilized as an acne treatment. The kratom plant has potential as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to determine the effect of methanol extract of kratom roots and stems on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes cause acne. The research samples used were roots and stems. The extract method is done by maceration using methanol (PA) solvent. Antibacterial test method used is the Kirby-Bauer method using paper discs. The concentration of methanol extract of kratom roots and stems tested was 5%, 10%, 15%, with a control (+) of 0.003% tetracycline. The results showed that the concentration of methanol extract of kratom root by 5% and kratom stem extract by 10% is the lowest concentration of the best in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes are 5.4 mm and 6.75 mm with medium resistance category. The results of phytocomia screening contained in kratom root extract are alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, while in kratom stem extract are alkaloids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) SEBAGAI BIOSTIMULAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Full text linkPeanut production in West Kalimantan which tends to decline has not been able to keep up with the needs of people. Seed quality is the problem that often faced by peanut farmers. Secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and terpenoids contained in plant extract can be used as biostimulants. This study aims to determine the effect of kirinyuh (C. odorata) extract and to determine the optimal concentration of kirinyuh extract on the quality of peanut germination and growth. This research was conducted from July to August 2022 at the Biology Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Department of Biology, FMIPA, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 levels concentration of extract kirinyuh (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; dan 100 mg/L). The results showed that 20 mg/L of extract kirinyuh was the most optimal concentration for germination parameters such as emergence time of epicotyl, emergence time of leave, leaf opening time and 50 mg/L extract kirinyuh was the most optimal concentration for growth parameters such as plant height
Fermentasi Rebung Bambu Apus (Gigantochloa apus) Secara Spontan dan Karakter Hasil Yang Difermentasi
Full text linkBamboo shoot fermentation is a process of processing bamboo organic substrates through the activity of enzymes produced by microorganisms. The process of bamboo shoot fermentation generally occurs spontaneously and simply, bamboo shoots are known to contain a lot of carbohydrates which serve as a source of nutrition for microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. This study aims to determine the characteristics of apus bamboo shoots (Gigantochloa apus) which are fermented spontaneously. Apus bamboo shoots fermented using a spontaneous fermentation method with the help of water for the fermentation process. Based on the fermentation that has been carried out, the results obtained include changes in color and texture of the spiced bamboo shoots from the first day to the fifth day. Spontaneous fermentation of apus bamboo shoots (Gigantochloa apus) has yield characteristics. The change in the color of the bamboo shoots on the fifth day of fermentation was to become yellowish white and the fermented water was more turbid and the texture of the bamboo shoots became smoother. This shows that the duration of fermentation can affect the physical properties of the product and cause changes in the characteristics of the fermented product
ETNOBOTANI PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN DALAM RITUAL ADAT NYELEPAT TAUN SUKU DAYAK DE’SA DI KECAMATAN SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG
Full text linkThis Study aims to investigate the species of plants, plant parts, plant usage, and their meanings in the traditional ritual of Nyelepat Taun. The research was conducted from April to August 2022 in Sepauk Subdistrict, Sintang Regency, using the qualitative descriptive method and snowball sampling technique. Participatory observation, structured interviews, and documentation were used for data collection. The findings revealed that the Nyelepat Taun ritual utilized 13 species of plants across 8 families, with leaves being the most frequently used part (31%) and the majority obtained from the yard (38%). The plants with the highest citation frequency were Manihot esculenta (cassava), Oryza sativa (paddy rice), Oryza glutinosa (glutinous rice), Areca cathechu (betel nut), Piper betle (betel leaf), and Vitex pinnata (West indian Lavender) (100%), whereas Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) had the lowest citation frequency (69%). The most common usage method was direct consumption without processing (54%). The ritual's significance was to symbolize simplicity, long life expectancy, fertility of future lands, abundant blessings, peaceful hearts, prevention of misfortune, and hope for a bountiful crop
Pertumbuhan Sawi Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) Pada Media Hidroponik Sistem Sumbu Setelah Pemberian Biostimulan Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.)
Full text linkBiostimulants are organic compounds that when applied to plants or growing media can increase plant production. Biostimulants work by increasing nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, and stimulating growth hormones. Plant extracts containing secondary metabolites have the potential to be a source of biostimulants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulant derived from gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica L.) on the growth of mustard pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) and to obtain the best concentration of gotu kola extract for the growth of mustard pakchoy. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 levels of treatment, namely P0 = control; P1= 40 mg/l; P2=60 mg/l; P3= 80 mg/l; and P4 = 100 mg/l. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that the administration of biostimulant gotu kola extract had a significant effect on canopy wet weight (grams), shoot dry weight (grams) and plant height (cm), but had no significant effect on leaf number (strands), leaf length (cm), width leaf (cm), root wet weight (gram), root dry weight (gram) and mustard leaf chlorophyll content at 56 days after planting. The 80 mg/l treatment was the treatment that gave the best results on the growth of mustard pakchoy for the parameters of canopy wet weight (93 grams), canopy dry weight (6.2 grams), and plant height (29.66 cm
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) VARIETAS METAVY F1 DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR BERBAHAN KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS
Full text linkCucumber plant growth is hampered by low soil fertility. One way to increase growth is through the application of fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of giving liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) and rice washing water on the growth of cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.) and the concentration that can provide the best treatment results for cucumber growth. This research was conducted from March to June 2023. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, namely LOF concentrations of 0 mL/L, 30 mL/L, 32 mL/L, 34 mL/L, and 36 mL/L. The application of liquid organic fertilizer made from pineapple peel and rice washing water had a significant effect on wet weight and dry weight, but had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of cucumber. The best POC treatment for cucumber growth is 36 mL/L
POTENSI BIJI JALI (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) SEBAGAI MEDIA PADAT UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Trichoderma harzianum
Full text linkTrichoderma harzianum can be grown on solid media containing carbohydrate organic matter such as jali’s seed (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) This study aims to determine the effectiveness of jali’s seed as a growth medium for T. harzianum fungi. This study was conducted for 3 months from November 2021 to January 2022 using CRD (Complete Random Design) with five levels of treatment T1=25g rice as control, T2=15g rice : 10g jali, T3=12.5g rice : 12.5g jali, T4=10g rice : 15g Jali, T5=25g jali. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the use of solid media as a growth medium for the fungus T. harzianum had a significant effect on the average diameter of the fungus, wet weight, and spore density of the fungus T. harzianum. The results showed that the use of jali seeds as a solid medium for the growth of T. harzianum fungi had a significant effect on the average colony diameter, wet weight, and spore density of T. harzianum fungi. The solid media treatment of 25g of jali seeds gave the best results for the average diameter of the fungus, which was 23.75mm, the difference in media weight was 4.3g, and the spore density was 7.84 conidia/mL
STRUKTUR ANATOMI AKAR, BATANG DAN DAUN Citrus (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle, Citrus madurensis Lour, Citrus nobilis L. var. microcarpa) DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Full text linkCitrus is an annual fruit originating from Asia. Several types of Citrus that are widely cultivated in West Kalimantan are C. aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle, C. madurensis Lour and C. nobilis L. var microcarpa. The three types of citrus can be distinguished based on the morphology of the leaves and fruit. Specific plant characters morphologically and anatomically can be used to differentiate between species. This study aims to compare the anatomical structures of roots, stems and leaves of three types of citrus, namely Citrus (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle , C. madurensis Lour and C. nobilis L. var. microcarpa) in West Kalimantan. The research was carried out from March to July 2021. Preparations for the root organ incisions were made using the non-embedding method, stem and leaf organ incision preparations were made using the embedding method and stomata preparations were made using the leaf boiling method. The results showed that the tissues that make up the roots, stems and leaves of the three types of Citrus had differences in the thickness of the root and stem cortex layers, the thickness of the stem and leaf epidermis layers and the thickness of the leaf mesophyll C. aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle has a parasitic type of stomata, while C. madurensis Lour and C. nobilis L. var microcarpa have a cyclocytic stomata type. The average value of stomata index in C. aurantifolia was 25.8%, C. madurensis 24.68% and C. nobilis 23.85%