Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
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Analisis kemiripan komunitas artropoda predator hama padi penghuni permukaan tanah sawah rawa lebak dengan lahan pinggir di sekitarnya
Full text linkThere are approximately 1.4 million hectares of swampy area in South Sumatera, but only 12% of those are being used as farm and plantation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the similarity of arthropod community inhabiting swampy rice field and its surrounding area. This research was conducted in South Sumatera Province covering regency of Musi Banyuasin and Palembang. Four types of swampy area were selected from each location, i.e. rice field, thicket, bush, and swampy land inhabited by broad-leaf weeds. Pitfall trap used to collect arthropod and it installed at five different times. i.e. 15 days before rice planting, one month, two months, and three months after planting, and 15 days after harvest time. The result showed that relative abundance of predatory arthropod dwelling soil in rice field was 95.03%, and habitat surrounding rice field was 95.12–97.21%. The level of similarity of arthropod species between rice field ecosystem and its surrounding area ranged from 0.73 to 0.84. Thus, the surrounding area of rice field probably can be used as catchment area of predatory arthropod and other pests during planting season.Key words: rice, rice field, biological contro
Pola sebaran kelompok telur Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada lahan jagung
Full text linkAsian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée, is known as an important pest of maize, Zea mays L., in both whorl and reproductive stages. Management decisions based on egg-mass density is useful because decision is made before damage occurs. Observation on O. furnacalis egg-mass distribution in maize-field was carried out in Agricultural Training, Research, and Development Station (ATRD) UGM, Yogyakarta. The number of egg-masses laid on each plant surface in maize-field was sampled in reproductive stage of corn at 52 – 58 days after planting. The spatial dispersion was analyzed using the ratio variance-to-mean (σ2/μ = Iδ), Morista’s Index (Iγ), and the negative binomial parameter (κ-value). The results showed that horizontal and vertical distributions were aggregated distributions (σ2 > μ or σ2/μ > 1). In line with the increasing age of plant, the degree of clustering or aggregation likely tended to decline (the κ-value increased, Morisita index decreased) indicating the possible departure from aggregation to randomness (Poison distribution) due to the heterogeneity of the environment, such as microclimate, preferred parts of the plants, and occurrence of natural enemies. The results concluded that the horizontal and vertical distributions of egg-masses of O. furnacalis on corn in generative phase were clustered with the degree of clustering tended to decrease by the increase of age of corn. These findings provide the bases for further study on the ecology and biology of O. furnacalis for management decision-making process
Pemodelan fenologi populasi penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) berbasis pengaruh iklim
Full text linkRice stem borer abundance are largely influenced by climate. This research aims to (i) develop a population dynamic model of yellow stem borer (YSB) and (ii) to assess the model’s ability to predict abundance and population peak of YSB under climate change scenario SRES A1FI and B1. Modeling the YSB requires two major components: climate parameter and lower developmental threshold temperatures (To) to describe life cycle of YSB from the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. The research utilized DYMEX software to describe development, mortality, transfer of individuals from one to the next life stages, fecundity and reproduction of YSB. The coefficient of determination (R2) of calibration models between predictions and observations showed a strong positive correlation of 0.65. Model validation could well predict the peak population, with R2 = 0.42. The simulations showed that the trend of population peak occur at high rainfall i.e. in March to April, July to September, and November to December. The model predicted YSB population in the Sukamandi reaches 3 generations per year, while in Kuningan 2 generations per year. Simulation models under climate change scenarios SRES A1FI and B1 showed differences in the sensitivities. Trend of YSB population is increasing in the regions Kuningan and decreasing in region Sukamandi. Under changing climate, environment conditions in Kuningan become more suitable for the proliferation of YSB, allowing an increase in the number of generations per year
Potential damages, seasonal abundance and distribution of Empoasca terminalis Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on soybean in South Sulawesi
Full text linkPlant damages caused by leafhopper, Empoasca terminalis Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on soybean were first encountered in 2007 in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The insect has been constantly associated with soybean crops in the province ever since. The purposes of the present study were to (i) evaluate potential yield loss attributable to the leafhopper in an experimental set up, (ii) seasonal abundance of E. terminalis, and (iii) distribution of E. terminalis in all major soybean-producing areas in the province. Potential yield loss due to the leafhopper was assessed in a field experiment using two large plots. One of the plots was kept leafhopper-free by weekly insecticide sprays; and the other plot was left unsprayed to allow leafhopper infestation to occur. Adult abundance was weekly monitored using a sweep net throughout the season. Nymph abundance was determined by direct count on the plant leaves. Leafhopper distribution was assessed through surveys conducted in all major soybean-producing areas in South Sulawesi, from 2009–2013. The results of the study showed that E. terminalis caused an average yield loss of 26% on susceptible crops without insecticide use. First leafhopper infestation in all planting seasons occurred two weeks after the plant emergence. Rainfall negatively correlated with the leafhopper abundance. The leafhopper existed in all major soybean production areas in the province. Therefore, our results confirmed the status of E. terminalis as an important soybean pest in the region. In addition, crops planted early in the dry season could escape from heavy leafhopper infestation
Neraca kehidupan kutukebul Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pada tanaman cabai dan gulma babadotan pada suhu 25 °C dan 29 °C
Full text linkBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest on horticultural crops that can also become a vector of Geminivirus that transmit the yellow curl disease. B. tabaci can also attack weeds that grow around the field such as Ageratum conyzoides or goatweed. The objective of this research was to study the life cycle, life time, fecundity, and reproduction rate of B. tabaci on chili pepper and goatweed. The experiment was conducted by observing the development of 50 eggs into adulthood. All 50 eggs were put on one plant and repeated 3 times. The plants were grown at temperatures 25 °C and 29 °C inside growth chamber (L : D = 12 : 12). The result of this experiments showed that at both temperatures of 25 °C and 29 °C, reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and fecundity of B. tabaci were higher on goatweed than chili pepper. This implies that the existence of goatweed around chili pepper in the field can serve as a good alternative host for B. tabaci, hereby supporting the pest population even further
Aras kerusakan ekonomi (AKE) larva Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada tiga fase pertumbuhan tanaman jagung
Full text linkThe Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) is an important economic pest of corn and is widely distributed in the Asia-Pacific region, including Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of infestation levels of O. furnacalis larvae per plant on corn grain yield reductions, and to determine economic injury levels (EIL) of O. furnacalis larvae at three growth stages (V10, R1, and R2) of corn. The experiment was designed in a split-plot randomized complete block with blocks replicated three times. Differences in grain weight between the uninfested and highest infestation levels (six larvae per plant) V10, R1, and R2 were 59.81; 58.76; and 49.20 g/plant, respectively. For each additional infestation by one larvae per plant at V10, R1, dan R2, there is reduction in grain weight of 4.94%, 4.56% and 3.76% respectively. The calculation of EILs was based on the proportion of yield loss per larvae per plant on three corn growth stages with the assumption that pesticide control reduced 67% of O. furnacalis population. The lowest EIL was 0.31 larvae per plant at V10 when the cost of control reaching Rp.125,000 per ha and crop value of Rp.12,000,000 per ha. The highest EIL of 1.24 larvae per plant was found at R2 with the cost of control of Rp.250,000 per ha and crop value of Rp.8,000,000 per ha
Gangguan fisiologis wereng batang padi coklat akibat pemberian abu terbang batubara
Full text linkCoal fly ash (CFA) can be used as a control agent of brown plant hopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera; Delphacidae). This study was aimed to investigate the physiological disorders in BPH when exposed to CFA. The research was conducted by carrying out tests covering the mortality of BPH, measurement of BPH weight before and after CFA treatment, an analysis of the moisture content in BPH, an analysis of the BPH tissue, and a chemical analysis of BPH. The results of the study showed that the mortality rate of BPH after treatment was 71%. The physiological disorders due to CFA treatment was indicated by a 67.04% weight reduction as opposed to a 6.9% weight increase on the control specimens. The average moisture content of the treated BPH was significantly lower than that of the control specimens. CFA caused a shrinkage of body tissues and an increase in the contents of silica and alumina on BPH
Biologi dan kelimpahan tungau merah Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) pada dua kultivar jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas)
Full text linkRed spider mite Tetranychus sp. is one of the most important pests attacking leaves of Jatropha curcas. The objective of this study was to elucidate life history parameters and abundance of spider mite on two J. curcas cultivars. Field studies were carried out in BALITTRI Pakuwon Sukabumi, and laboratory experiments were conducted at the Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University, from June to November 2008. Cultivars significantly affected several life history parameters of the spider mite. Spider mite reared on IP1-P cultivar have longer oviposition period and higher fecundity than those on IP2-P (7.00 days and 25.56 eggs against 5.00 days and 10.00 eggs). The sex ratio of spider mite was 3.2 : 1 on IP1-P and 2.5 : 1 on IP2-P. Intrinsic rate of increase was also higher on IP1-P. However, field studies indicated that the spider mite were less abundant on this cultivar. These might be due to the presence of other arthropods which were higher on IP1-P. In general, the highest population of spider mite occurred in August and the lowest in October–November. Predatory mite Family Phytoseiidae was found associated with spider mite, however its role as natural control agent was not significant
Asosiasi antara marka SSR dengan ketahanan terhadap wereng batang coklat pada varietas dan calon galur harapan padi
Full text linkDevelopment of resistant rice varieties to brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) must be countinuously conducted to overcome the spatial and temporal genetic change in BPH into more virulent ones which can adapt to resistance rice. The availability of linked molecular markers with BPH resistant trait can speed up selection of hybridization progenies. Close-linked markers with trait of interest can be identified using association studies between markers and phenotypic data of unrelated individuals without the need to generate hybridization progenies as an alternative method to linkage studies which use mapping population. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of rice simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with resistance to BPH. Forty-four rice varieties and promising lines with known resistance degree to BPH biotype 3 were assessed using 30 rice microsatellite markers previously mapped in the rice chromosomal regions with effects on resistance to BPH. Association test between SSR markers and BPH resistance scores revealed eight markers (RM17, RM38, RM125, RM144, RM250, RM287, RM328, dan RM536) which were significantly associated with BPH resistance (R2=0,18 to 0,89; P<0,05). Twenty-one varieties and 11 promising lines were detected to contain SSR alleles that were associated with BPH resistance. Marker RM17 was detected in 15 varieties and 11 promising lines which were scored as resistant and moderately resistant to BPH and therefore it is potentially the most useful as early diagnostic marker to detect BPH resistance alleles. Nevertheless, to obtain SSRs that can be used as reliable selection markers for BPH resistance, marker analysis in segregating populations for the eight markers is still needed as well as associtaion test of more SSR markers widely distributed in rice chromosomes
Interaksi tropik antara hama dan parasitoid pada pertanaman sayuran: faktor pembentuk dan implikasinya terhadap keefektifan parasitoid
Full text linkThe condition of agroecosystem may affect the diversity and effectiveness of parasitoid communities as natural enemies of insect pests. Agricultural intensification such as monoculture cultivation as well as application of insecticide could also cause declining to parasitoid diversity and ineffective performance of parasitoids in agricultural field. The objective of this research was to study trophic interaction between pests and parasitoids in different field of vegetable crops and to investigate the factors that determining those interactions as well as its implication on parasitoid effectiveness. Vegetable crop fields were grouped into three different categories i.e. based on the pattern of cultivation, diversity of vegetable crops around the field and age of plant. On each crop field, insects were sampled using 50 m of transect by collecting eggs, larvae and pupae of pests. In total, 15 species of pests and 15 species of parasitoids were recorded from eight species of vegetable crops. Based on the analysis, trophic interaction between pests and parasitoids were affected by cultivation system, condition of crop field (species diversity of crops in its surrounding) and age of vegetable plants. Although it was not significance, the effectiveness of parasitoids according to their parasitism level, tend to higher in trophic interaction that determined from crop field with organic systems and with diverse of crop plants