Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin
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PENGARUH PERLAKUAN ALKALI TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK DIGUNAKAN PADA KOMPOSIT SERAT TKKS
Full text linkEmpty Palm bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by industrial palm oil plantations which contain lots of fiber and is one of the natural fiber source that the availability of abundant in Indonesia, especially in the province of Lampung. TKKS fiber can be used as an alternative amplifier to composite materials. This research was conducted to determine the influence of the chemical composition of TKKS fiber and know the tensile strength from TKKS fiber by doing a tensile test. Alkaline treatment NaOH 5% given to fiber to separate lignin and contaminants that contained in fiber so that it can increase the tensile strength fibers. TKKS fiber is obtained processing palm oil factory by the process of boiling oil palm fresh fruit bunches with a pressure of 2.5 until 3atm at temperature 130 C during 50 – 60 minutes. TKKS already parsed and then selected and measured with a length of 6 cm and a diameter of 0.2 mm. And then given an alkaline NaOH 5%. In this research on the treatment of alkaline NaOH 5% provided that treatment during 0 hours (without treatment), 2 hour, 4 hour, 6 hour. Results from the study found that fiber tensile strength affected by the chemical composition on the fiber, the higher the tensile strength of the cellulose content is increasingly high. Tensile strength in fiber with alkali treatment 2 hours of 0,03528 Mpa, 0,3996% strain, 0,088288 MPa elasticity modulus, if compared with fiber without alkali treatment of 0,018946 MPa tensile strength, 0,2056% strain, 0,092149 MPa elasticity modulus. This is due to the levels of cellulose fibers with alkali treatment 2 hours increased by 58,2808%, if compared with fiber without alkali treatment by 13,2848
PENGARUH KADAR KARBON DALAM BAJA PADA PROSES PELAPISAN ALUMINIUM CELUP PANAS
Full text linkCarbon steel is widely used as a component of engineering work in high temperature conditions. During the application decreases of oxidation resistance drastically. A steel coating is very needed to increase an oxidation resistance. One technique is inexpensive and used to be coating for large components are hot dip coating. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of carbon content in steel AISI 1020, AISI 1045 and AISI 1090 against hot dip aluminium coating on hot dip aluminium coating process and to study the influence of immersion time in the tub aluminium molten steel on the growth of intermetallic layer. Immersion times used were 4, 9, and 16 seconds with a temperature of 700 °C. Volume composition used for each solution is 100 ml flux with three variations, namely Y1 flux ( 1.5 g KF, NaF 1.5 g, 8.5 g Borax , and 2.5 g of acetic acid ), Y2 ( 2.0 KF g, 2.0 g NaF, 9.5 g Borax, and 3.0 acetic acid ) and Y3 ( 2.5 g of KF, 2.5 g NaF, 10 g Borax, 3.5 g acetic acid ). Then do the impact test , SEM , OM and XRD. For the most thick aluminium layer was AISI 1020 steel with immersion time of 4 seconds is 0.118 mm and Fe - Al intermetallic layer ( FeAl3+Fe2Al5 ) is the thickest on AISI 1045 steel with immersion time of 9 seconds. Energy values were greatest impact on AISI 1020 steel is 187.2 J, means less carbon content of the energy generated greater impact.Keywords : Hot Dip Aluminium, CarbonSteel, Impact Energy,Fe-Al (FeAl3+Fe2Al5), Flux Variations
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS AIR DAN TEMPERATUR AKTIVASI DALAM CAMPURAN FLY ASH BENTUK PELET TERHADAP PRESTASI MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR BENSIN 4 LANGKAH
Full text linkMeningkatnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor yang masih menggunakan bahan bakar fosil sebagai bahan bakar utama, menyebabkan cadangan bahan bakar fosil semakin menipis. Dengan kondisi seperti ini pemerintah telah mengurangi subsidi bahan bakar dan berencana menerapkan pembatasan pemakaian bahan bakar pada kendaraan bermotor. Fly ash batu bara dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menagtasi hal di atas. Pengujian fly ash ini dilakukan dengan beberapa variasi yaitu pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar, akselerasi, dan emisi gas buang. Konsumsi bahan bakar dilakukan dengan road test (pada kecepatan rata-rata 50 km/jam menempuh jarak 5 km) dan stasioner (pada putaran mesin 8500). Pengujian akselerasi dilakukan pada0-120 km/jam, serta pengujian emisi gas buang pada putaran 1500 dan 8500 rpm. Pelet fly ash yang dibentuk menjadi pelet berdiameter 10 mm dan tebal 3 mm dengan beragam variasi air(air mineral, aquadesh, dan air sumur bor), juga variasi temperatur dan waktu aktivasi fisik (2000 C, 1500 C selama 1 jam dan 2000 C, 1500 C selama 2 jam).Pelet fly ashtersebut dikemas dalam suatu frame dan diletakkan di dalam saringan udara kendaraan uji sepeda motor yamaha vixion 150 cc. Sehingga sebelum udara masuk ke dalam ruang pembakaran, udara terlebih dahulu terhambat dengan pellet fly ash.Dalam penelitian ini, terbukti pelet fly ash mampu menghemat konsumsi bahan bakar hingga 28,8% pada road test, dan sebesar 25,5% pada pengujian stasioner. Akselerasi meningkat sebesar 7,3%.Disamping itu, filter pelet fly ashbatubara mampu mengurangi kadar CO hingga sebesar 26,7% pada putaran 1500 rpm dan 45,5% pada putaran 8500 rpm, mengurangi kadar HC hingga sebesar 34,8% pada putaran 1500 rpm dan 30,4% pada putaran 8500 rpm. Kata kunci : Prestasi motor bensin 4 langkah, fly ash batubara, adsorben pelet fly ash
PERILAKU KOROSI PANAS BAJA AISI 4130 PADA TEMPERATUR 750 O C DALAM LINGKUNGAN ATMOSFER YANG MENGANDUNG KLOR DAN SULFUR
Full text linkSteel is the main material of an industry. In a world of steel metallurgy has a character different from the microstructure to mechanical properties. It is therefore very important to know well the character of a steel that can be used as needed. If it is not appropriate in selecting a material, there will be a failure. In this study the oxidation testing AISI 4130 steel at a temperature of 750 C in NaCl/Na2SO4 environment. Tests performed to see the length of time gain against corrosion, and oxidation product analyzes performed by the method of X-RD, SEM/EDS and OM. These results indicate that the oxide formed shows : Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, and Cr2O , the steel surface is almost the same for all the specimens were oxidized in a different environment. The existence of deposits of NaCl and Na2SO4 deposits on the surface of AISI 4130 steel can accelerate the oxidation process at high temperature. The existence of chlorine gas and sulfur gas in the atmosphere causing the surface layers of AISI 4130 steel is oxidized more rapidly than those occurring in ordinary air environment. Damage to the surface layer of AISI 4130 steel is exacerbated by the growth of iron rich oxide (Fe2O3) on the protective layer. Formation is accelerated by reaction Fe and FeOCr2O3 formation on AISI 4130 steel with a deposit of NaCl and Na2SO4 deposits.Keywords: Steel AISI 4130, NaCl deposit, Na2SO4, deposits, Fe2O
Aplikasi Cairan Pelumas Untuk Mengurangi Tingkat Keausan Mata Bor Pada Pengeboran Pelat ASTM A1011 Menggunakan Mata Bor HSS
Full text linkSeiring dengan perkembangan serta kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, mengakibatkan berkembangnya pula bidang-bidang kegiatan manusia. Salah satunya adalah berkembangnya bidang industri permesinan. Proses permesinan yang dilakukan secara terus menerus misalnya pada pengeboran akan menyebabkan aus nya mata bor yang digunakan, karena adanya peningkatan suhu pemesinan. Perlu adanya perlakuan khusus untuk menurunkan suhu pemesinan yang terjadi. Penggunaan beberapa jenis cairan pendingin seperti oli sintetis dan minyak kelapa diharapkan dapat menurunkan suhu permesinan sehingga mengurangi keausan yang terjadi pada mata bor HSS yang digunakan. Diaplikasikan dengan cara menyemprotkan cairan pelumas secara terus-menerus pada permukaan benda kerja yang bersinggungan dengan mata bor pada kecepatan putaran (n) konstan pada 443 rpm, sedangkan variasi pada gerak makan (f) sebesar 0.1 mm/rev, 0.18 mm/rev serta 0.24 mm/rev. Umur pakai mata bor yang didapat pada pengujian tanpa pelumas dengan putaran (n) = 443, gerak makan (f) = 0.1 mm/rev serta nilai keausan mata bor (vb) = 0.3 mm adalah 2.02 menit. Untuk penggunaan oli sintetis dengan kecepatan putaran dan gerak makan yang sama, didapat umur pakai mata bor selama 4.71 menit atau meningkat sebesar 54%. Peningkatan itu dibandingkan pada proses pengeboran tanpa menggunakan cairan pelumas. Sedangkan dengan penggunaan minyak kelapa, umur pakai mata bor selama 4.05 menit atau meningkat sebesar 48%. Dengan demikian nampak jelas bahwa penggunaan cairan pelumas mampu menurunkan tingkat keausan mata bor, terutama pada penggunaan oi sintetis. Kata Kunci : keausan mata bor HSS, gerak makan, cairan pelumas
PERENCANAAN PROSES TUNGKU PENGERING KOTORAN HEWAN TERNAK
Full text linkMost welding shops in the area Pringsewu District in carrying out the work are still using a system that is not working or is not systematically planned, which is why most welding shops suffered many losses, such as product processing time is longer, the cost of production incurred greater and workmanship unsatisfactory. Of the shortcomings and weaknesses of the system working in most welding shops in the Pringsewu District, it is necessary to study the process planning , which is applied in the manufacture of livestock manure dryer furnace in the manufacturing process in a small welding shop. This study aims to make a good process planning that can be applied to the world of entrepreneurship, especially welding shop. The research was conducted at the welding shop at Pringsewu district in January-March 2013. Making the process planning begins with the creation of images 2dimensional furnace consists of 4 major components, namely cones, combustion chamber, body coatings, and disposal space. Procedures sheets gained as much as 11 pieces that serve to minimize material and wasted time . Calculation time of making the furnace obtained through primary and secondary data collection that results in two sketches workplace assembling component parts, 41 pieces of the map left and right hand and 8 pieces of the process flow map. The resulting time using MOST (Mynard Operation Sguence Technique) is equal to 57.8757 hours divided by 8 hours of working time in 1 day = 7.2344625 days or ± 8 days. The total estimated cost of production based on direct costs, indirect costs, and overhead costs for Rp.8.345.300Keywords : Process planning, Furnace, Procedures sheet, MOS
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS AIR DAN KONDISI AKTIVASI DARI ADSORBEN FLY ASH BATU BARA TERHADAP PRESTASI MESIN DAN KANDUNGAN EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR KARBURATOR 4-LANGKAH
Full text linkThe activated fly ash of coal as adsorbent pellets can be used to save fuel consumption. This research is done with some testing that is the runs test (road test and acceleration), stationary and emission testing. Fly Ash pellets packed in a frame and put on the air filter absolute revo 110 cc motorcycle. So before the air filter into the vehicle, it wil be contact with the pellets Fly Ash first. In this study, the most efficient types of water used is H12 Z20 and the best conditions was on the temperature 150o C and activation time of 1 hour with fuel savings in road test reached 12.69%, and fuel economy at a stationary test up to 22.65% and the reduction of travel time ( 0-80 km/h ) of 6.86%. Fly Ash pellets are able to reduce the levels of CO by 76,92 %, 19,57 % for HC levels and raise their levels of CO by 4,36 %.Keywords : Fly ash adsorbent pellets, engine performance, exhaust gas emission
PENGARUH PUTARAN DAN KECEPATAN TOOL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK PADA PENGELASAN FRICTION STIR WELDING ALUMINIUM 5052
Full text linkAluminium is a metal that has a good resistance against corrosion, this is because the occurrence of the phenomenon of pasivasi. In addition to its resistance to corrosion, aluminium also has a lighter weight compared to steel, so aluminium is frequently used as one of the materials used in the manufacture of ships, especially on the upper deck of the building, insulation, fuel tanks and freshwater tank.Welding is the process of connecting between two or more metal parts by using thermal energy.In general aluminum welding using fusion welding processes such as Metal Inert Gas and Metal Inert Gas, but on both of these methods there is possibility formation of defects are porosity, cracks and prone to occurringdeformationduringcooling processof dan the formation ofmetalwelding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tool rotation and welding speed on the mechanical aspect of Aluminium 5052 with the friction stir welding method.The parameters of the welding process is done on the research this is is the round tool and welding spee is is the round tool and welding speed.Round tool used there are two namely 1800 rpm and 1100 rpm. The speed of welding is also used there are two variations,namely 11.4 mm/min and 19.8 mm/min. As for the mechanical tests conducted there are three, namely testing the hardness, impact test, and tensile testing.The result of this research was the discovery that the round tool and welding speed greatly affect the mechanical properties of aluminium that has been welded. Because the tool is rotating faster increases the tensile strength of aluminium, while the small welding speed will increase the hardness of aluminum that has been welded. Keywords : aluminium, welding, friction stir welding, mechanical aspect of metal
PEMBUATAN SISTEM ROBOTIKA SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PERGERAKAN KAMERA SECARA AUTONOMOUS
Full text linkAutomation systems are a manifestation of the concept of science that led to development of nowadays technology. In general automation is concept of human science that is used to run a process where there is no longer direct human intervention ranging from the beginning of the process until completion. This research is intended to create a automated a robotic system camera pan and tilt movements with a view to be implemented into a variety of forms of applications, such as KAP (Kite Aerial Photography), security camera, stealth cam, camera traps and etc. This research uses some mechanicsm of rigging as a medium for system the camera Arduino microcontroller is used as the controller of the controlling the camera movement. The system of controlled the movement of the camera by using time delay. The results showed that the robotics system of this research has succeeded in making a camera capable of autonomous moving to state time delay. Keywords: Microcontroller, Robotics Systems, Camera Movement
