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Ancora sulla Vita nova come elegia: qualche considerazione sull’influenza della linea elegiaca biblico-boeziana
Full text linkITALIANO: La Vita nova è stata convincentemente ricondotta da Stefano Carrai all’ambito elegiaco sulla base della definizione medievale del genere quale stilus miserorum, incentrata su caratteristiche di tipo contenutistico e tonale più che stilistico. Tra i testi più rappresentativi del genere è senz’altro la Consolatio di Boezio che, in virtù di quanto affermato in Conv. II.XII.2 e della
forma prosimetrica, viene additata quale principale modello della Vita nova; accanto a questa, l’altro archetipo del genere elegiaco sicuramente presente a Dante è offerto dalla Bibbia: studi recenti hanno chiarito ulteriormente l’articolato ruolo giocato dalle Lamentazioni dello ps. Ge-
remia, mentre variamente stimato è il contributo offerto dal libro di Giobbe. Il presente saggio si propone di riesaminare quest’ultimo aspetto e illustrare come la predilezione letteraria tardo-duecentesca per il tipo del Giobbe dolente su quello del Giobbe paziente rifletta l’orientamento della coeva esegesi biblica; il contributo intende inoltre mostrare, a partire dal patrimonio librario di Santa Croce, l’attualità e la diffusione dell’interpretazione elegiaca di Giobbe, studiando
l’esegesi al libro biblico e la circolazione a Firenze in epoca dantesca di alcuni testi elegiaco-consolatori fortemente influenzati dagli esempi di Giobbe e Boezio. / ENGLISH: The Vita nova has been convincingly traced back to the elegiac sphere on the basis of the medieval definition of the genre as stilus miserorum, centred on content and tonal rather than stylistic characteristics. One of the most representative texts of the elegiac genre is undoubtedly
Boethius’ Consolatio which, by virtue of its prosimetric form and the influence of Conv. II.XII.2, is pointed out as the main model of the Vita nova. In addition to this, the other archetype of the elegiac genre certainly known to Dante is the Bible: recent studies have also increasingly
clarified the articulated role played by the Lamentations of Ps. Jeremiah, while variously esteemed is the contribution offered by the Book of Job. This essay aims at re-examining this latter aspect, illustrating how the late thirteenth-century literary predilection for the type of the “sorrowful Job” over that of the “patient Job” reflects the trend of the contemporary biblical exegesis. The contribution also intends to show, starting from the case of the library of Santa Croce, the actuality and diffusion of the elegiac interpretation of the Book of Job, studying its exegesis and the circulation in Dante’s Florence of some elegiac-consolatory texts strongly influenced by the examples of Job and Boethius
Selbstbehauptung durch Traditionsbildung? Zwei Fortsetzer des Liber pontificalis in den Schismen des 12. Jahrhunderts
Full text linkGERMAN: Die von Pandulf und Boso geschriebenen Vitae verschiedener Päpste, zwei der wichtigsten
Quellen zur Papstgeschichte des 12. Jahrhunderts, teilen eine wichtige Gemeinsamkeit: Beide sind sie, obwohl unabhängig voneinander entstanden, Fortsetzungen des Liber pontificalis. Vergleicht man beide Autoren als Fortsetzer des «Papstbuches», stechen die Parallelen, aber auch die Unterschiede in ihrer jeweiligen Konzeptualisierung von Geschichte ins Auge. Während Boso, optimistisch auf Gott vertrauend, eine goldene Vergangenheit mit einer triumphalen
Zukunft zu verknüpfen suchte, thematisierte Pandulf offen die Misserfolge und Katastrophen der jüngsten Pontifikate. In dieser Perspektive erscheint sein Werk als Mahnmal für den Niedergang des Papsttums, den die Angehörigen von Anaklets Kurie erlebt zu haben meinten. ENGLISH: The Vitae of various popes written by Pandulf and Boso, two of the most important sources on papal history of the 12th century, share a decisive commonality in their connection to the older Liber pontificalis. If one compares both authors in their role as continuators of the papal book, the parallels but also differences in their conceptions of history emerge with new clarity. While Boso, in optimistic trust in God, tried to interweave a golden past with a triumphant future,
Pandulf openly addressed the failures and disasters of recent pontificates. His work appears in this light as a memorial of the decline experienced by Anaclet II’s curia
From passageway to frontier: the Alps in Carolingian times
Full text linkThe article focuses on the Carolingian frontiers within the Alps: starting with their origins in Roman times and the changes in the Merovingian era, it focuses on the broader developments of the Carolingian period, when many areas of the Alps were reframed into new spatial entities, such as the Eastern Alps eventually becoming part of the Eastern Frankish kingdom
Corsi e ricorsi tra mitologia, religione e archeologia storico-culturale. Alla ricerca della santità lungo il corso del fiume Oglio: Iside e Simonino
Full text linkITALIANO: Tra il XVI e il XVII secolo, gli eruditi alla ricerca del culto di Iside raccontano delle sue vestigia
presso il lago Sebino, chiamato non a caso Iseo, e lungo il corso del fiume Oglio, nella bassa Valcamonica. L’assenza di evidenze archeologiche farebbe propendere per il solito eccesso di fantasia della moda antiquaria. Ad una sorta di metamorfismo mnestico per il paredro della dea, Osiride, possiamo tuttavia associare, verso la fine del secolo XV, la figura di Simonino da Trento, un santo apocrifo che si cerca di accreditare come martire degli ebrei, a sostegno di una
campagna antigudaica il cui scopo è di eliminare i banchi ebraici presenti sul territorio di Brescia. Larga parte hanno in questa propaganda le immagini del martirio di Simonino, diffuse soprattutto in Valcamonica, Sebino e Franciacorta. La propaganda dei frati Minori Osservanti
cerca di ottenere la captatio benevolentiae della corporazione dei fabbri camuni, attribuendone loro il patronato, allo scopo di emanciparli dal prestito ebraico. Nel martirio di Simonino vediamo stratificarsi i caratteri di figure come Osiride, Dioniso e Attis, riconducibili a tradizioni iniziaticomisteriosofiche di difficile omologazione all'ordine costituito. La mitologia dell'omicidio rituale e in particolare la vicenda "storica" di Simonino rimandano a loro volta a un'altra mitologia
iniziatico-misteriosofica, quella dell'Hiram Abif delle Costituzioni massoniche del XVIII secolo. Passiamo dunque vedere in queste figure lo scivolamento dal piano mitografico dell'Eroe a quello semplicemente umano che si riflette nelle vicende storiche stesse, dove a una società
aristocratica se ne sostituisce una meno èlitaria. Nel caso della società bresciana del XV secolo, l'eliminazione del prestito ebraico rappresenta il punto di svolta per l'avvento di un ceto borghese. / ENGLISH: Between the 16th and 17th centuries, scholars researching the cult of Isis mentioned her remains near Lake Sebino, which is not surprisingly called Iseo, and along the course of the Oglio
River, in the lower Valcamonica. The absence of archaeological evidence might suggest the typical exaggeration of imagination in antiquarian fashion. However, towards the end of the 15th century, we can associate a sort of mnemonic metamorphosis with the figure of Simonino
da Trento, an apocryphal saint who was attempted to be accredited as a martyr of the Jews, in support of an anti-Jewish campaign aiming to eliminate Jewish moneylenders present in the territory of Brescia. The images depicting the martyrdom of Simonino, widely spread especially
in Valcamonica, Sebino, and Franciacorta, play a significant role in this propaganda. The propaganda by the Observant Friars Minor seeks to gain the favour of the guild of Camunian blacksmiths, attributing patronage to them, with the aim of liberating them from Jewish moneylenders. In the martyrdom of Simonino, we see a mix of characters such as Osiris, Dionysus, and Attis, attributed to initiatory-mysterious traditions that are difficult to assimilate
into the established order. The mythology of ritual murder, and particularly the "historical" narrative of Simonino, in turn, refer to another initiatory-mysteriosophical mythology, that of Hiram Abif from the Masonic Constitutions of the 18th century. Thus, we perceive in these figures the transition from the mythographic level of the Hero to the simply human level, which it´s reflected in historical events themselves, where a less elite one replaces an aristocratic society. In the case of 15th-century Brescia society, the eradication of Jewish moneylending
represents a turning point for the rise of a bourgeois class
Survival functions of holdover time of lightning-ignited wildfires
No full textLightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs) can go unreported for hours, days or even weeks before being reported. This is due to the fact that some LIWs present an intermediate phase between ignition and detection characterized by a smoldering combustion. Holdover time is generally defined as the time between lightning-induced ignition and fire detection. This study aims at obtaining survival functions to estimate the probability of a LIW reaching a certain holdover time. To this end, we fitted nine different probability distributions (exponential, chi-squared, log-normal, log-logistic, F, gamma, Weibull, Pareto, and Gompertz) to data from a database gathering 42 frequency distributions of holdover time obtained from more than 152,375 LIWs in 13 countries from 1921 to 2020. Gamma distributions provide the best fits to the observed holdover times. Accordingly, we estimated several survival functions derived from gamma distributions fitted to holdover time data. The survival functions are monotonically decreasing functions characterized by high probabilities for short holdover times and low probabilities for long holdover times. These survival functions can be used for holdover times of LIWs occurring globally as well as in boreal, Mediterranean and temperate coniferous forest biomes. Survival functions are intended to provide a more reliable way to assess holdover time-based probabilities of lightning causing wildfires.This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the government of Asturias (Spain) through FICYT (Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología)
Un monasterio femenino cisterciense en Navarra: Nuestra Señora de Salas, Estella (siglos XIII-XV)
Full text linkESPAÑOL: Nuestra Señora de Salas se identifica como uno de los conventos cistercienses femeninos del reino de Navarra del siglo XIII fundado en Estella. Sus desconocidos orígenes y singular trayectoria indican que quizá esta comunidad estuvo asociada al fenómeno jacobeo de hospitalidad y atención a los peregrinos. Ello explica su rápida decadencia y desaparición a comienzos del siglo XV, a pesar de haber recibido la regla de Cister, la tutela de Santa María de Iranzu y la protección de la monarquía navarra. Con el presente análisis, se repasan las claves del itinerario de esta comunidad que evidencia el florecimiento de la actividad religiosa y espiritual entre las mujeres durante las centurias plenomedievales y la estrecha vinculación con el entorno social y devocional urbano de Estella. / ENGLISH: Nuestra Señora de Salas [Our Lady of Salas] is defined as one of the female Cistercian convents of the Kingdom of Navarre in 13th century founded in the town of Estella. Its unknown origins and unique trajectory suggest that this community may have been associated with the Jacobean phenomenon of hospitality and care for pilgrims. This would explain its rapid decline and eventual disappearance in early 15th century, despite having received the Cistercian rule, the tutelage of Santa María de Iranzu, and the protection of the Navarrese monarchy. This analysis reviews the key points of the trajectory of this community, demonstrating the flourishing of religious and spiritual activity among women during the high mediaeval centuries and its close connection to the social and devotional environment of the town of Estella
Griselda sposa senza dote, ma con molte virtù. Una rilettura storico-giuridica
Full text linkITALIANO: Obiettivo di questo contributo è offrire una rilettura storico-giuridica dell’ultima novella del Decameron; il ‘caso di Griselda’ permette di riflettere in maniera analitica sugli elementi del matrimonio cristiano pretridentino e sugli obblighi imposti alla sposa dalla società e dalle norme del tempo. / ENGLISH: The aim of this essay is to offer a reinterpretation of the final novella of the Decameron from a historical-legal perspective. The 'Case of Griselda' facilitates an analytical reflection on the elements of marriage prior to the Council of Trent, as well as on the societal and legal obligations imposed upon brides
I conti di Paola. Registri contabili e governo di Paola Malatesta Gonzaga
Full text linkITALIANO: L’attenzione della storiografia recente si sta sempre più appuntando sulle figure femminili delle élite, di cui si studiano profili, scelte dinastiche, strategie economiche e iniziative personali. Il saggio si propone di indagare una principessa del Quattrocento italiano, Paola
Malatesta Gonzaga, signora e marchesa di Mantova, attraverso fonti di natura contabile e finanziaria, rare nel panorama delle sopravvivenze archivistiche quattrocentesche, e di cogliere la natura e le forme della sua iniziativa economica, e le loro ricadute nella politica della dinastia
e della città. / ENGLISH: Recent research is increasingly focusing on elite women, whose profiles, dynastic choi-
ces, economic strategies and personal initiatives are analysed. The essay sets out to investigate a 15th century Italian princess, Paola Malatesta Gonzaga, signora and marchioness of Mantua, through accounting and financial sources, rare in the panorama of 15th century surviving princely archives, and to grasp the nature and forms of her economic initiatives, and their repercussions on the politics of the dynasty and the city
Considerazioni sulla Cronaca di Tres Tabernae
Full text linkITALIANO: La Cronaca di Tres Tabernae è nota per la cronologia confusa e le interpolazioni incoerenti. In
questo articolo si tenta di individuare i passi che presentano informazioni valide per la storia della Calabria bizantina e normanna. / ENGLISH: The Chronicle of Tres Tabernae is well known among historians for its confusing chronology and some incoherent interpolations. This article tries to present passages which provide some interesting information about the history of Byzantine and Norman Calabria